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31 results for “Tetragona”
Data from: Does warming by open-top chambers induce change in the root-associated fungal community of the arctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona (Ericaceae)?
Climate change may alter mycorrhizal communities, which impact ecosystem characteristics such as carbon sequestration processes. These impacts occur at a greater magnitude in Arctic ecosystems, where the climate is warming faster than in lower latitudes. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don is an Arctic plant species in the Ericaceae family with a circumpolar range. C. tetragona has been reported to form ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) as well as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses. In this study, the fungal taxa present within roots of C. tetragona plants collected from Svalbard were investigated using DNA metabarcoding. In light of ongoing climate change in the Arctic, the effects of artificial warming by open-top chambers (OTCs) on the fungal root community of C. tetragona were evaluated. We detected only a weak effect of warming by OTCs on the root-associated fungal communities that was masked by the spatial variation between sampling sites. The root fungal community of C. tetragona was dominated by fungal groups in the Basidiomycota traditionally classified as either saprotrophic or ECM symbionts, including the orders Sebacinales and Agaricales and the genera Clavaria, Cortinarius, and Mycena. Only a minor proportion of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could be annotated as ErM-forming fungi. This indicates that C. tetragona may be forming mycorrhizal symbioses with typically ECM-forming fungi, although no characteristic ECM root tips were observed. Previous studies have indicated that some saprophytic fungi may also be involved in biotrophic associations, but whether the saprotrophic fungi in the roots of C. tetragona are involved in biotrophic associations remains unclear. The need for more experimental and microscopy-based studies to reveal the nature of the fungal associations in C. tetragona roots is emphasized.
Data from: Does warming by open-top chambers induce change in the root-associated fungal community of the arctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona (Ericaceae)?
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FIGURE 13 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 13. Worker of Tetragona quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) from Teresina de Goiás (Goiás, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 8 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 8. Seventh sternum of Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 species in ventral view and apex of the median projection in lateral view: T. clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) (A), T. perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) (B), T. quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) (C), T. mourei sp. nov. (D), T. essequiboensis (Schwarz, 1940) (E), T. handlirschii (Friese, 1900) (F), T. truncata Moure, 1971 (G), T. goettei (Friese, 1900) (H), T. dorsalis (Smith, 1854) (I) and T. ziegleri (Friese, 1900) (J). Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 16 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 16. Worker of Tetragona perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) from Puntarenas (Costa Rica). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 20 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 20. Holotype of Tetragona korotaii sp. nov. from Coeroeni (Suriname). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 6 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 6. Nest entrances of Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius,1804). Iranduba, Amazonas, Brazil (A). Cacoal, Rondônia, Brazil (B). Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (C). São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (D). Coeroeni, Suriname (E). Fonts: David Nogueira (A, C, D), Odair Diogo da Silva (B), Ayrton Vollet-Neto (E).
FIGURE 7 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 7. Sixth sternum of Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 species in ventral view: T. clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) (A), T. perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) (B), T. quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) (C), T. mourei sp. nov. (D), T. essequiboensis (Schwarz, 1940) (E), T. handlirschii (Friese, 1900) (F), T. truncata Moure, 1971 (G), T. goettei (Friese, 1900) (H), T. dorsalis (Smith, 1854) (I) and T. ziegleri (Friese, 1900) (J). Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 3. Physogastric queen of Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 2. Male of Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) from Bom Jardim de Goiás (Goiás, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 1. Worker of Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) from Manacapuru (Amazonas, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 12 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 12. Records of the occurrence of clavipes species-group of Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, 1828. Scale in kilometers.
FIGURE 19 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 19. Paratype male of Tetragona mourei sp. nov. from Lizarda (Maranhão, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 5 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 5. Lectotype of Centris clavipes Fabricius, 1804. A: Right metatibia (A), metasoma in dorsal view (B), body in left lateral view (C), head in frontal view (D), body in right lateral view (E), labels (F). Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and D) and 1 mm (C and E).
FIGURE 11 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 11. Valve and basal bulb of Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 species in lateral view: T. clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) (A), T. perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) (B), T. quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) (C), T. mourei sp. nov. (D), T. essequiboensis (Schwarz, 1940) (E), T. handlirschii (Friese, 1900) (F), T. truncata Moure, 1971 (G), T. goettei (Friese, 1900) (H), T. dorsalis (Smith, 1854) (I) and T. ziegleri (Friese, 1900) (J). Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 9. Eighth sternum of Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 species in ventral view: T. clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) (A), T. perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) (B), T. quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) (C), T. mourei sp. nov. (D), T. essequiboensis (Schwarz, 1940) (E), T. handlirschii (Friese, 1900) (F), T. truncata Moure, 1971 (G), T. goettei (Friese, 1900) (H), T. dorsalis (Smith, 1854) (I) and T. ziegleri (Friese, 1900) (J). Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 14. Male of Tetragona quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) from Lagoa da Confusão (Tocantins, Brazil). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view (D). Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 18 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 18. Holotype of Tetragona mourei sp. nov. from Bom Jesus do Piauí (Piauí, Brazil) Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 17 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 17. Male of Tetragona perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) from Colón (Panama). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (A, B and C) and 1 mm (D).
FIGURE 15 in Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
FIGURE 15. Nest entrance of Tetragona quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836) from Goiás, Brazil (A). Draw of nest entrance of Tetragona perangulata (Cockerell, 1917) in top view with an arrow indicating the entrance (B). Fonts: Adriano Gonçalves (A) and David Nogueira (B).
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