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60 results for “Tetrix”
Supplementary material for "Long-term trends of reproductive success of black grouse Lyrurus tetrix in the southern Swiss Alps in relation to changes in climate and land use"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Breeding success of an Alpine black grouse <em>Lyrurus tetrix</em> population in southern Switzerland was monitored from 1981 to 2020. This long-term dataset allows exploring relationships of reproductive rates with climate and habitat, which have shown marked changes during this period. Over the 40 years, the average elevation of black grouse breeding sites increased by around 100 m in Central/Southern Ticino but showed only a slight increase in Northern Ticino, where black grouse occur at higher elevations. Average reproductive rates in Northern Ticino remained constant throughout the study period but declined in Central/Southern Ticino. Relationships between reproductive success and weather as well as habitat variables were analysed with a multiple regression model. Temperature during the early chick-rearing phase and the time of egg-laying was positively correlated with reproductive rate. Correlations between reproductive rates and precipitation were less clear, and only small proportions of the variance in reproductive rates could be explained by precipitation. Brush forest explained the greatest amount of variation in reproductive rate (6.2%). Forest, alpine agricultural areas, and unproductive vegetation all showed a positive relationship with reproductive rate, but the proportion of the variance explained was small. Year (5.1%) and its interaction with region (2.3%) explained considerable amounts of the variance. While in Northern Ticino reproductive success did not show a negative trend when correcting for weather and habitat changes, there remained a negative trend over the years in Central/Southern Ticino. Despite the positive correlations of reproductive rate with temperature, increasing temperatures do not appear to have improved reproductive success, likely as a result of habitat changes that forced black grouse towards higher elevations. Changes in reproductive success were limited to the southern region, indicating deteriorating conditions at the edge of the distribution range.</p> <p> </p>
Figures. 5–7. Tetrix chyzeri, female. 5 in Faunistic diversity of the spiders in Montenegro (Arachnida: Araneae)
Figures. 5–7. Tetrix chyzeri, female. 5 – epigyne, ventral view, 6 – vulva, ventral view, 7 – vulva, dorsal view. Scale: 0.18 mm.
Data and R scripts for: Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
<p>While intensive hunting activities, such as commercial fishing and trophy hunting, can have profound influences on natural populations, less intensive recreational hunting can also have more subtle effects on animal behaviour, habitat use and movement, with implications for population persistence. Lekking species such as the black grouse (<em>Lyrurus</em> <em>tetrix</em>) may be especially prone to hunting as leks are temporally and spatially predictable, making them easy targets. Furthermore, inbreeding in black grouse is mainly avoided through female-biased dispersal, so any disruptions to dispersal caused by hunting could lead to changes in gene flow, leading to an increasing risk of inbreeding. We therefore investigated the impact of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal on a metapopulation of black grouse in Central Finland. We genotyped 1,065 adult males and 813 adult females from twelve lekking sites (six hunted, six unhunted) and 200 unrelated chicks from seven sites (two hunted, five unhunted) at up to thirteen microsatellite loci. Our initial confirmatory analysis of sex-specific fine-scale population structure revealed little genetic structure in the metapopulation. Levels of inbreeding did not differ significantly between hunted and unhunted sites in both adults and chicks. However, immigration rates into hunted sites were significantly higher among adults compared to immigration into unhunted sites. We conclude that the influx of migrants into hunted sites may compensate for the loss of harvested individuals, thereby increasing gene flow and mitigating inbreeding. Given the absence of any obvious potential barriers to gene flow in Central Finland, a spatially heterogeneous matrix of hunted and unhunted regions may be crucial to ensure sustainable harvests into the future.</p>
Data and R scripts for: Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
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FIGURES 8–11 in First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)
FIGURES 8–11 (females). 8 and 9: head in front view: 8) T. t. hypsocorypha ssp. nov., 9) T. t. transsylvanica—9a) Cozia Mt., 9b) Timişu de Sus; 10 and 11) head and pronotum from above: 10) T. t. hypsocorypha ssp. nov., 11) T. t. transsylvanica—11a) Cozia Mt., 11b) Măgurii Cisnădiei, Sibiu. (8 and 10 photo Josip Skejo, 9a and 11a photo Sigfrid Ingrisch, 9b and 11b photo Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu; reproduced with permission)
FIGURES 5–7. 5 in First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)
FIGURES 5–7. 5) Holotype of Tetrix transsylvanica hypsocorypha Skejo, 2014 subspecies nova, general habitus. 6) Holotype labels. 7a.) Female of Tetrix transsylvanica transsylvanica from Cozia Mt.. 7b) Female of Tetrix transsylvanica transsylvanica from Timişu de Sus. (5, 6 photo Josip Skejo, 7a photo Sigfrid Ingrisch, 7b photo Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu; reproduced with permission)
FIGURE 2 in First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)
FIGURE 2. Male Tetrix tuerki from Franjo Košćec's collection. Photographed with Varaždin City Museum's (GMV) permission (photo: Josip Skejo).
FIGURE 1 in First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)
FIGURE 1. Records of Tetrix undulata (triangles), and Tetrix tuerki (circles) in Croatia and Serbia.
FIGURES 12–17 in First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)
FIGURES 12–17 (females). (Tetrix transsylvanica hypsocorypha Skejo, 2014 subspecies nova: 12, 13, 14, 16; Tetrix t. transsylvanica: 15, 17). 12) mesothorax, metathorax and abdomen (paratype). 13) tegmenulum and ala (paratype). 14) tegmenulum and ala from Nadig (1991). 15) tegmenulum and ala from Bazyluk & Kis (1960). 16) ovipositor (paratype). 17a) ovipositor (Timişu de Sus). 17b) ovipositor (Măgurii Cisnădiei) (12,13 and 16 photo Josip Skejo, 17a and 17b photo Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu; reproduced with permission).
Data from: Mapping wing morphs of Tetrix subulata using citizen science data: flightless groundhoppers are more prevalent in grasslands near water
<p>To analyse the correlation between groundhopper wing morph and landscape characteristics, we collected the following data. GBIF observations of <em>Tetrix subulata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Netherlands were annotated with wing morph and sex (based on the images), and weather and landscape information (based on the location). The weather information is based on an interpolation of data from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Landscape and habitat information was characterised by determining the area of different area types, from the Basisregistratie Topografie (BRT) TOP10NL dataset, in a radius around the observation. The landscape information also includes Dutch physical-geographical regions. To check for possible effects of seasonality, the event date of the observation is included. To check for the effect of the landscape radius on the analysis, those analyses were repeated for different radiuses. Depending on the precision of the coordinate location, some radiuses could not be tested for some observations. </p> <p>The file "data.csv" contains one row per observation-radius combination, with the following columns (* repeated for each radius):</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Columns</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>gbifID*</td> <td>ID of the observation on GBIF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>eventDate*</td> <td>Date of observation (YYYY-MM-DD)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wing_morph*</td> <td>Wing morph annotation (long; short)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sex*</td> <td>Sex annotation (female; male; obscured; multiple; reevaluate i.e. unknown)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>region*</td> <td>Physical-geographical region in which the observation was made</td> </tr> <tr> <td>temperature*</td> <td>Predicted temperature (average over 1991-2020; degrees Celsius)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>windspeed*</td> <td>Predicted windspeed (average over 1991-2020; meters per second)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>precipitation*</td> <td>Predicted precipitation (average over 1991-2020; millimeters)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>landscape_radius</td> <td>Landscape radius (50, 100, 200, 500, or 1000 meters)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>deciduous forest, grass, mixed forest, ...</td> <td>Total surface area of given area type in given radius around observation (square meters)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
FIGURE 1. Lateral views of brachypterous Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng). a) male; b) female. Scale bars 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
FIGURE 3. Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng) alive from Huangshan (Tangkou) (a, b, d) and Shitai (Guniujiang) (c), Anhui Province, PR China.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
FIGURE 2. Female Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng). a) frontal view of head (brachypterous); b) dorsal view of body (brachypterous); c) lateral view of body (macropterous). Scale bars a=1 mm; b, c=2 mm.
FIGURES 1–10. 1–7 in Description of a new species of the genus Tetrix Latreille (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae) from Zhejiang, China
FIGURES 1–10. 1–7. Tetrix zhoushanensis, sp. nov. 1. Body lateral view♀; 2. Head and pronotum dorsal view ♀; 3. Body dorsal view ♀; 4. End of abdomen lateral view ♀; 5. Body in lateral view ♂; 6. Body dorsal view ♂; 7. Joints of Antennae in middle part ♂. 8–10. Tetrix transimacula Zheng, 1998; 8. Body dorsal view ♂; 9. Body in lateral view ♀; 10. End of abdomen lateral view ♀. (Figs. 8–10 after Zheng, 1998).
Supplementary material for "Chick survival and hunting are important drivers for the dynamics of two Alpine black grouse Lyrurus tetrix populations"
<p>Data files, code for all analyses, and an Appendix (with additional figures and tables). The six data files are provided in csv format (Summer counts.csv, TrackingDataSurvival.csv, Occasions.csv, TrackingDataProductivity.csv, SexRatioData.csv, MeteoData.csv). The code file (BlackGrouseCode.txt) is a space delineated text file. The code file is written for R, but some models are run in JAGS from R. The code file also contains the description of the data files, code for data management, code for figures and additional analyses. The Appendix (appendix.pdf) is a pdf.</p> <p><strong>Abstract of the article</strong></p> <p>Alpine black grouse populations are generally declining, but the underlying demographic drivers are largely unknown. We studied the dynamics of two adjacent black grouse populations over a 20 years period in the Italian Alps that differ in hunting pressure to identify the main demographic process affecting these populations and to study the impact of hunting on males. We collected radio-tracking data and conducted population surveys in spring to count displaying cocks and in late summer to determine the breeding success by means of pointing dogs. These different data sets were jointly analysed using a seasonal integrated population model to estimate population sizes and various demographic rates. The two populations fluctuated in size and the number of males from one population increased after hunting intensity was reduced. The main demographic rates did not differ between the populations. Adult survival was relatively low and productivity was high, so the life history shows the feature of a fast turnover species. In both populations, the variability of survival from hatching to the age of five weeks (chick survival) contributed more to the variation of the population growth rates than the variability of survival in later life-history stages, and the former was positively affected by ambient temperatures in July, favouring chick survival. The adult sex ratio of the population where males hunting occurred was shifted towards females, but it evened over time with the reduction of hunting pressure. The adult sex ratio in the population without hunting and the chick sex ratios in both populations were even, suggesting that hunting acted as a mostly additive source of mortality.</p>
Helminth gut parasites of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in northern England, their impact on productivity and possible sources of infection
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Data from: Age, condition and dominance-related sexual ornament size before and during the breeding season in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix
Male ornaments function as honest cues of male quality in many species and are subject to intra- and intersexual selection. These ornaments are generally studied during peak expression, however their size outside the breeding season may determine ultimate ornament size and costliness, and as such reproductive success. We investigated whether male black grouse Lyrurus tetrix eye comb size was related to age, condition and measures of male dominance before and during the breeding season. Total combined eye comb size began to increase ~70 days before the start of the breeding season. Adult males (aged ≥ 2 years old) had consistently larger eye combs than younger males (1 year old) both before and during the breeding season. Heavier and more dominant adult males (attending the lek more frequently and successfully reproducing) had larger eye combs. For younger males, those that were heavier had larger eye combs. Additionally, males that spent more time on the lek showed increased eye comb size as the breeding season approached. Overall we find that ornament size is positively related to dominance and condition before and during the breeding season. Since dominance is accrued through year-round interactions in many species, the ability to maintain larger signals over prolonged periods,
Supplementary material 2 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Table S1
Figure 3 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 3 Analysis of allometric variation in 273 females of Tetrix bipunctata and kraussi. Scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC.
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