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1,196 results for “Texas”
Marsh vegetation data in Spartina alterniflora and Distichlis spicata marshes along the Texas coast, 2022 - 2024
We measured plant biomass and plant physiological metrics in two salt marshes in Bayside, Texas, and Port Aransas, Texas, from 2022 - 2024. Study plots (1-m2) were established in two Spartina alterniflora and Distichlis spicata-dominated salt marshes in the Texas Coastal Bend. At one site, S. alterniflora and D. spicata occurred in monoculture cover, and we established six study plots per species cover. Transects of plots encompassed two Landsat-8 and -9 pixel footprints, with a plot density of 3 plots per satellite pixel footprint. At the second site, both species occurred in intermixed stands. At this site we established seven study plots, and plots were not intentionally co-located with satellite pixel footprints. All plots were sampled once each during August and November of 2022, February, May, August, and November of 2023, and February and May of 2024. In each plot, measurements included plant biomass, plant species, stem density, and stem height. Aboveground biomass was calculated using allometric relationships between plant height and mass from plant clipping studies. During these surveys, destructive core sampling was also performed in the proximity of the plots (n = 1 per plot per species) to measure above- and belowground biomass. We measured plant physiological metrics as foliar chlorophyll, foliar N, and Leaf Area Index. Foliar chlorophyll and foliar N were assessed per species present, and Leaf Area Index was measured once per plot. These measurements were taken in the proximity of the plots. We also measured elevation once at each plot at the start of the study period. At each site, we measured water level with HOBO U20L pressure transducers. We installed a stilling well and placed one transducer above the marsh surface to measure ambient pressure, and one transducer at depth. We used the HOBOware software to calculate water level. Measurements were collected at 15 minute intervals. In instances of ambient pressure equipment failure, ambient pressure
Hydrodynamic field data near Galveston, Texas wetland edges to help assess storm impacts and erosion
<p>Water free surface elevation measurements via submerged pressure transducers along transects near Galveston Bay wetland edges</p>
West Texas Lightning Mapping Array - KTaL 2015-2016
<p>West Texas Lightning Mapping Array data collected near Lubbock, Texas as part of the Kinematic Texture and Lightning (KTaL) field campaign in 2015-2016. Includes VHF source locations and clustered flashes and their physical properties. Data are a subset of the full record, corresponding to the storms studied in a forthcoming publication.</p>
Effect of mangroves on transplanted marsh plants, Port Aransas, Texas: 2013
We transplanted three common species of salt marsh plants (Spartina alterniflora, Batis maritima, Sarcocornia sp.) into eight experimental plots (24 x 42 m) varying in plot-level mangrove cover in Port Aransas, Texas in 2013. We transplanted marsh plants into 3 x 3 m “cells” with one of 3 different vegetation treatments (cleared, mangrove, pneumatophores) in each of the eight plots. Marsh plants were harvested to measure final size.
Surface and SubSurface Soil Organic Matter Processing following Hurricane Harvey, Texas, USA
Coastal wetland plant identity and cover is changing, as many subtropical salt marshes dominated by low-stature herbaceous species transition to woody mangroves. How changes in dominant plant species affect carbon processing in coastal wetlands during storms is uncertain. We experimentally manipulated patch-scale (3 × 3 m) cover of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) and saltmarsh plants (e.g., Spartina alterniflora, Batis maritima) in fringe and interior locations of ten plots (24 × 42 m) to create a gradient in mangrove cover in coastal Texas, USA. Hurricane Harvey made direct landfall over our site on 25 August 2017. To test how mangrove cover affected carbon retention after the storm, we measured litter breakdown rates (k) of A. germinans and S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast- and slow-decomposing standard litter substrates (green and red tea, respectively) in subsurface soils (15 cm depth). Soil temperatures were lower in mangrove than marsh patches, and prior microclimate measurements showed non-linear increases in air and soil temperatures with increasing mangrove cover (highest temperatures at intermediate % cover). Litter breakdown rates (k) were 2 higher in surface than in subsurface soils. Avicennia germinans litter k increased linearly in surface soils with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas slow-decomposing red tea had similar k in subsurface soils of all plots. Litter k of S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast-decomposing green tea in subsurface soils increased non-linearly with mangrove cover (highest k at intermediate % cover), explained largely by temperature. Microbial respiration rates (R) were highest in interior marsh patches for S. alterniflora litter and increased with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas R associated with A. germinans litter was similar among fringe and interior patches and highest at higher mangrove cover. Despite widespread declines in soil nutrient concentrations throughout marsh and mangrove patches in all pl
Plant richness survey of mainland and barrier island locations along the Texas Gulf Coast in April and May 2005
I conducted a plant richness survey of 49 sites on the Texas Gulf Coast in the Spring (April-May) of 2005. Sites were chosen to include a range of mainland and barrier island locations. All sites were dominated by salt marsh plant species, primarily Spartina alterniflora. To provide a general indication of the salinity conditions prevailing at each site, I measured salinity of the nearest body of water with a refractometer on the date that the site was sampled. Plant richness was documented along a single 5.0m wide transect at each site. Each transect began at the lower elevational limit of vegetation and continued perpendicular to the water’s edge to the shrub community at the upper marsh border. Plant presence was noted in a series of nested subplots within a 1.0m x 5.0m plot at each meter along the transect. The results posted here are sites, position, salinity, and the site pool, or species encountered at the site. This data set is a companion to PLT-GCET-0608, which provides similar data for sites around Sapelo Island, Georgia.
Data from: The amphibamiform Nanobamus macrorhinus from the early Permian of Texas
Nanobamus macrorhinus is a small amphibamiform temnospondyl from the early Permian Arroyo Formation of Texas. It is most readily characterized by an elongate and partially subdivided naris. This condition is superficially reminiscent of that seen in the coeval trematopids, the group to which N. macrorhinus was originally referred to under an interpretation of the holotype as a larval form. This was discounted by later workers, but the amphibamiform affinities of the specimen were not formalized until recently. The specimen has never been described in the context of its amphibamiform affinities and remains poorly characterized, never having been sampled in a phylogenetic analysis. Here we present a complete, updated osteological description of N. macrorhinus, including an improved characterization of its unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic features and clarification of the taxon's autapomorphies. Our analysis of the taxon's phylogenetic position within Amphibamiformes shows that N. macrorhinus is recovered as diverging after basal amphibamiforms such the micropholids and before derived amphibamiforms such as the amphibamids. This is supported by the unique mixture of retained plesiomorphies such as non-foreshortened postparietals and an oval choana and apomorphies such as a narrow interorbital region and slender palatal rami of the pterygoid. These results reflect the complexity of terrestrial amphibamiform diversity and provide further insight into the evolutionary history of the lissamphibian stem in terrestrial environments.
2-meter Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Human Heat Health Index (H3I) hazard for Austin, Texas
<p>Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) is a physiological temperature that is widely used in biometeorological studies to assess the heat stress felt by humans. UTCI considers the shortwave and longwave radiation incident on humans from the six cubical directions as well as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and clothing. As a part of NOAA National Integrated Heat Health Information System (NIHHIS) and NASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) project, we have generated the UTCI data for Austin, Texas and surrounding peri-urban area at 2-meters spatial resolution for the year 2017. Details on data generation and methodology can be found in Kamath et al., (2023) but are summarized here. </p> <p><strong>1. Datasets and model used</strong></p> <p>The solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry (SOLWEIG) model was used to simulate shadows, mean radiant temperature (T<sub>MRT</sub>) and the UTCI (Lindberg et al., 2008). T<sub>MRT</sub> is the equivalent temperature due to exposure to absorbed shortwave and longwave radiation from all directions in a standing position. SOLWEIG was forced using near-surface ERA-5 data available at a spatial resolution of 0.25°x 0.25°. Building, vegetation heights, and digital terrain model were again derived from 3DEP LiDAR point cloud data. SOLWEIG was run using the urban multi-scale environment predictor (UMEP) (Lindberg et al., 2018) plug-in with QGIS. </p> <p><strong>2. Data availability</strong></p> <p>Diurnal UTCI data were calculated for typical meteorological clear sky days corresponding to Summer and Fall. The typical clear sky day was selected using the 10-year Typical meteorological Year (TMY) for Austin, Texas (30.2672° N, 97.7431° W) provided by National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). More details on TMY files can be found at: https://nsrdb.nrel.gov/data-sets/tmy</p> <p>Additionally, data is developed for heat hazard for daytime Human Heat Health Index (H3I) calculation as defined by Kamath et al., (2023). Briefly, this heat hazard is defined as the fraction of the day when the UTCI exceeds certain threshold. The threshold used to calculate heat hazard for Summer and Fall were 35° C and 32°C, respectively that imply strong heat stress (Jendritzky et al., 2012). Note that UTCI is on a different scale compared to air temperature, and could yield different heat stress levels.</p> <p><strong>3. Data format</strong></p> <p>The georeferenced UTCI and heat hazard data are available in the geoTIFF file format. The files can be readily visualized using GIS software such as QGIS and ArcGIS, as well as programing languages such as Python.</p> <p> <strong>4. Companion dataset</strong></p> <p>Based on the calculated UTCI here, the potential locations for tree planting were calculated to increase the shade to reduce heat vulnerability for Austin, Texas. [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6363494]</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ol> <li>Kamath, H. G., Martilli, A., Singh, M., Brooks, T., Lanza, K., Bixler, R. P., ... & Niyogi, D. (2023). Human heat health index (H3I) for holistic assessment of heat hazard and mitigation strategies beyond urban heat islands. Urban Climate, 52, 101675.</li> <li>Lindberg, F., Holmer, B., & Thorsson, S. (2008). SOLWEIG 1.0–Modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings. <em>International journal of biometeorology</em>, <em>52</em>, 697-713.</li> <li>Lindberg, F., Grimmond, C. S. B., Gabey, A., Huang, B., Kent, C. W., Sun, T., ... & Zhang, Z. (2018). Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP): An integrated tool for city-based climate services. <em>Environmental modelling & software</em>, <em>99</em>, 70-87.</li> <li>Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R., & Havenith, G. (2012). UTCI—why another thermal index?. <em>International journal of biometeorology</em>, <em>56</em>, 421-428.</li> <li>Bixler, R. P., Coudert, M., Richter, S. M., Jones, J. M., Llanes Pulido, C., Akhavan, N., ... & Niyogi, D. (2022). Reflexive co-production for urban resilience: Guiding framework and experiences from Austin, Texas. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 4, 1015630.</li> <li>Lanza, K., Jones, J., Acuña, F., Coudert, M., Bixler, R. P., Kamath, H., & Niyogi, D. (2023). Heat vulnerability of Latino and Black residents in a low-income community and their recommended adaptation strategies: A qualitative study. <em>Urban Climate</em>, <em>51</em>, 101656.</li> </ol>
Two-wave Post-Disaster Survey on Climate Change Attitudes: Texas after Hurricane Harvey and the 2021 North American Winter Storms
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>This repository contains data needed to reproduce the analysis results from Chen et al. 2024. "Disaster Experience Mitigates the Partisan Divide on Climate Change: Evidence from Texas," <em>Global Environmental Change</em>. It is a study about climate change attitudes and experience with climate disasters across U.S. partisan groups. For details about the data, please see the published paper. Results reproduction code is available at <a href="https://github.com/tedhchen/floodStorm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/tedhchen/floodStorm</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data Set Details</strong></p> <p>`texas_climate_attitudes.csv` contains data from two waves of surveys of Democrats and Republicans living in Texas, with the following groups of variables.</p> <ul> <li>climate change attitudes</li> <li>self-reported exposure to climate disasters</li> <li>scientific information treatment condition and checks</li> <li>political leaning</li> <li>sociodemographics and residential location</li> <li>survey administration details</li> </ul> <p>`outage2021_data.RData` contains power outage data for counties and cities in Texas during Feb. 2020 and Feb. 2021.</p> <p>`outage2021_data_multithreshold.RData` contains power outage data for counties and cities in Texas during Feb. 2020 and Feb. 2021, aggregated to the county level based on different thresholds of uncertainty about which cities people live in.</p> <p>`gtrends_archive.RData` contains Google Trends data for "hurricane", "astros", and "power", in Texas between 2017 and 2021.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Please reference the original study when using this data set.</p> <p>Ted Hsuan Yun Chen, Christopher J. Fariss, Hwayong Shin, Xu Xu. 2024. "Disaster Experience Mitigates the Partisan Divide on Climate Change: Evidence from Texas." <em>Global Environmental Change</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102918" target="_blank" rel="noopener">doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102918</a>.</p>
Data from: The amphibamiform Nanobamus macrorhinus from the early Permian of Texas
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A hurricane alters the relationship between mangrove cover and marine subsidies in Texas, USA: 2014-2019
We experimentally manipulated black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) cover in ten large plots and over five years (2014-2019) quantified the effects of mangrove cover on subsidies of floating organic material (wrack) into coastal wetlands. We hypothesized that the change from salt marsh to mangrove vegetation would alter the permeability of the intertidal habitat, and thus alter the nature of subsidies from marine to intertidal habitats. Data from field surveys of wrack distribution showed that as mangrove cover increased from zero to 100%, wrack cover and thickness decreased by ~60%, the distance that wrack penetrated into the plots decreased by ~70%, and the percentage of the wrack trapped in the first six m of the plot tripled. Data from wrack samples indicated that wrack samples collected from the fringe were ~3 times heavier than those from the interior of plots. Animals were ~40% more abundant in samples from the interior than from the fringe of plots, but this trend was not statistically significant due to low replication of interior samples. Data from a wrack experiment revealed that animal abundance and species composition varied between the fringe and interior of the plots, and between microhabitats dominated by salt marsh versus mangrove vegetation. Increasing mangrove cover decreased the relative importance of marine subsidies into the intertidal at the plot level, but concentrated subsidies at the front edge of the mangrove stand. Storms, however, may temporarily override mangrove attenuation of wrack inputs.
Texas 2022 water clarity and color (FLAMe and Sentinel-2)
Water clarity and color were determined for six reservoirs using rapid spatial surveys from a sensor equipped boat and concurrent Sentinel-2 satellite imagery across Texas during drought conditions between the months of July and August 2022. From west to east, these systems include Red Bluff Reservoir, O.H. Ivie Lake, Lake Arrowhead, Lake Brownwood, Lake Waco, and Lake Bonham. For the water year leading up to the sampling dates, the precipitation ranged from 182 mm in Red Bluff Reservoir to 1036 mm in Lake Bonham. A total of 254 km of boat path were covered across the six reservoirs with a mean boat speed of 19.17 km/h. The data for this study covers three spatial approaches 1) along the boat path 2) longitudinal transects from dam to river arm and 3) whole system. For the boat path, data variables include turbidity measured continuously with a YSI EXO2 sonde, Secchi disk depth predicted from the turbidity values, normalized difference turbidity index (NDTI), and dominant wavelength. For both the longitudinal transects and whole system data, variables include the two remotely derived measures of clarity and color, NDTI and dominant wavelength. Data is also categorized by zone as either "arm" (reservoir arm) or "body" (main body) determined by a 4m depth threshold to compare between zones.
Stratified Vegetation Survey Data from an Experimental Mangrove Site in Port Aransas, Texas: 2019
We visually surveyed the vegetation at the front and back of ten large experimental plots located in a large stand of mangroves near Port Aransas, Texas on November 28th, 2019. The ten experimental plots had been thinned using a 3 x 3 m grid in 2012 to create a gradient in plot-level mangrove cover from 0 to 100 percent. We estimated percent cover in six “mangrove” and six “cleared” cells at the front and back of each plot.
Text-fig. 5—Torosaurus utahensis (Gilmore) n. comb., TMM 41480-1, right parietal, a, dorsal view, b, ventral view. x 1/8. in Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian Dinosaurs From Trans-Pecos, Texas
Text-fig. 5—Torosaurus utahensis (Gilmore) n. comb., TMM 41480-1, right parietal, a, dorsal view, b, ventral view. x 1/8.
Figures 15–18. Big Bend desert scrubland habitat. 15 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 15–18. Big Bend desert scrubland habitat. 15) Rocky hillside, Pinto Canyon (Presidio Co.). 16) Rio Grande valley, southeast corner of Presidio Co. (Mexico to the left; United States to the right). 17) Scrub hillside, south Brewster Co. 18) Creek bed, Chinati Hot Springs (Presidio Co.).
Figures 7–8. Big Bend dung beetles and pitfall trap design. 7 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 7–8. Big Bend dung beetles and pitfall trap design. 7) Big Bend species arranged left to right in order of descending size (scale bar = 5mm): Above – Phanaeus texensis, Copris arizonensis, Canthon blumei, C. imitator; Below – Digitonthophagus gazella, Onthophagus brevifrons, Euoniticellus intermedius, Canthon praticola, C. mixtus, O. browni, O. velutinus, O. knausi. 8) Pitfall trap design: [A] active trap with cover (anchored with rocks); [B] cover removed to expose suspended bait and catch; [C] plant nursery container from likes of which trap cover fashioned (foreground); [D] trap receptacle, wire bait hanger and bait cup.
Fig. 1 in Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA
Fig. 1. Type locality for Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. A. The Edwards Aquifer (in blue). B. The unconfined (tan) and confined (blue) portions of the Edwards Aquifer. C. The city of San Marcos, the San Marcos artesian well, and San Marcos springs. Red line shows approximate boundary of the freshwater-saline water interface.
Fig. 3 in Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA
Fig. 3. Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. A. Dorsal view of ♂ (arrow indicates anterior end). B. Normal pore opening with sensory seta. C. Soft body parts of ♂. D. Rear end of body, ♂; the thin arrow points to the four tiny setal groups on T3, the thick arrow to the distal end of T3. E. Ends of adductor muscles. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B = 20 µm; C–E = 10 µm.
Fig. 2 in Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA
Fig. 2. Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. A. LV of ♀, external view. B. RV of ♂, external view. C. Posterior end of RV with spines in ♂. D. Anterior end of RV in ♂ (note broken part). E. LV of ♀ with tubercles, internal view (note broken part in the center). F. RV of ♂, internal view. Arrows indicate anterior end. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 100 µm; C–D = 20 µm.
Fig. 5 in Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA
Fig. 5. Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov, ♂. A. Md. B. Mxl. C–D. Left and right T1. E. T2. Scale bar: A–C, E = 25 µm; D = 10 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.