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83 results for “Thalamus”
MERFISH on developing thalamus
<p><span>The thalamus plays a central coordinating role in the brain. Thalamic neurons are organized into spatially-distinct nuclei, but the molecular architecture of thalamic development is poorly understood, especially in humans. To begin to delineate the molecular trajectories of cell fate specification and organization in the developing human thalamus, we used single-cell and multiplexed spatial transcriptomics. Here we show that molecularly-defined thalamic neurons differentiate in the second trimester of human development and that these neurons organize into spatially and molecularly distinct nuclei. We identify major subtypes of glutamatergic neuron subtypes that are differentially enriched in anatomically distinct nuclei. In addition, we identify six subtypes of GABAergic neurons that are shared and distinct across thalamic nuclei.</span></p>
MERFISH on developing thalamus
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Data from: Thalamus and focal to bilateral seizures: a multi-scale cognitive imaging study
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Objective</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>To investigate the functional correlates of recurrent secondarily generalized seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using task-based fMRI as a framework to test for epilepsy-specific network rearrangements. As the thalamus modulates propagation of temporal-lobe onset seizures and promotes cortical synchronization during cognition, we hypothesized that occurrence of secondarily generalized, i.e. focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS), would relate to thalamic dysfunction, altered connectivity and whole-brain network centrality.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Methods</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>FBTCS occur in a third of patients with TLE and are a major determinant of disease severity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 113 patients with drug-resistant TLE (55 left/58 right), who performed a verbal fluency fMRI task that elicited robust thalamic activation. Thirty-three patients (29%) had experienced at least one FBTCS in the year preceding the investigation. We compared patients with TLE-FBTCS to those without FBTCS via a multi-scale approach, entailing analysis of SPM12-derived measures of activation, task-modulated thalamic functional connectivity (psychophysiological interaction), and graph-theoretical metrics of centrality. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Results</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Individuals with TLE-FBTCS had less task-related activation of bilateral thalamus, with left-sided emphasis, and left hippocampus than those without FBTCS. In TLE-FBTCS, we also found greater task-related thalamotemporal and thalamo-motor connectivity, and higher thalamic degree and betweenness centrality. Receiver operating characteristic curves, based on a combined thalamic functional marker, accurately discriminated individuals with and without FBTCS.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Conclusions</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In TLE-FBTCS, impaired task-related thalamic recruitment coexists with enhanced thalamotemporal connectivity and whole-brain thalamic network embedding. Altered thalamic functional profiles are proposed as imaging biomarkers of active secondary generalization.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network
<p>Humans and other animals readily transition from externally to internally focused attention, and these transitions are accompanied by coactivation of a group of brain regions collectively known as the default mode network (DMN). While the DMN was considered a cortical network, recent evidence suggests subcortical structures are part of the DMN. Here we investigated the role of ventral pallidum (VP) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, a close relative of primates. We combine electrophysiology and deep learning-based motion tracking to perform unsupervised classification of behavioral states. We found gamma oscillations in VP and MD coordinated with gamma in the anterior cingulate (AC) cortex specifically during DMN states. Similar enhancements were found for high gamma, but only at subcortical sites. Cross-frequency coupling between gamma and delta oscillations were higher during DMN than other behaviors, underscoring the engagement of MD, VP, and AC circuits. Our findings highlight the importance of VP in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, consistent with rodent studies, and demonstrate a role for MD thalamus in DMN regulation. Our results extend homologies in DMN regulation among mammals, and underline the importance of thalamus and basal forebrain to the regulation of DMN brain states.</p>
Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus
<p>With our eyes closed, we can track a limb's moment-to-moment location in space. If this capacity relied on sensory feedback from the limb, we would always be a step behind because sensory feedback takes time: For the execution of rapid and precise movements, such lags are not tolerable. Nervous systems solve this problem by computing representations—or internal models—that mimic movements as they are happening, with the associated neural activity occurring after the motor command but before the sensory feedback. Research in adults indicates that the cerebellum is necessary to compute internal models. What is not known, however, is when—and under what conditions—this computational capacity develops. Here, taking advantage of the unique kinematic features of the discrete, spontaneous limb twitches that characterize active sleep, we captured the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model. Using rats at postnatal days (P) 12, P16, and P20, we compared neural activity in the ventral posterior (VP) and ventral lateral (VL) thalamic nuclei, both of which receive somatosensory input but only the latter of which receives cerebellar input. At all ages, twitch-related activity in VP lagged behind the movement, consistent with sensory processing; similar activity was observed in VL through P16. At P20, however, VL activity no longer lagged behind movement, but instead precisely mimicked the movement itself; this activity depended on cerebellar input. In addition to demonstrating the emergence of internal models of movement, these findings implicate twitches in their development and calibration through, at least, the preweanling period.</p>
Data from: Effects of arousal and movement on secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus
<p>Neocortical sensory areas have associated primary and secondary thalamic nuclei. While primary nuclei transmit sensory information to cortex, secondary nuclei remain poorly understood. We recorded juxtasomally from secondary somatosensory (POm) and visual (LP) nuclei of awake mice while tracking whisking and pupil size. POm activity correlated with whisking, but not precise whisker kinematics. This coarse movement modulation persisted after facial paralysis and thus was not due to sensory reafference. This phenomenon also continued during optogenetic silencing of somatosensory and motor cortex and after lesion of superior colliculus, ruling out a motor efference copy mechanism. Whisking and pupil dilation were strongly correlated, possibly reflecting arousal. Indeed LP, which is not part of the whisker system, tracked whisking equally well, further indicating that POm activity does not encode whisker movement <em>per se.</em> The semblance of movement-related activity is likely instead a global effect of arousal on both nuclei. We conclude that secondary thalamus monitors behavioral state, rather than movement, and may exist to alter cortical activity accordingly.</p>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: Animal Behavior
<p>The excel Source DATA file contains the data described in Figures 2c, 2d, 2f, and 3b and Supplementary Figure 3b and 3c. The fiber photometry data described in Supplementary Figure 9 are found in the CSV files. The CSV file names reflect animal IDs. </p>
Deep Brain Stimulation Motor Ventral Thalamus (VOP/VIM) for Restoration of Speech and Upper-limb Function in People With Subcortical Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06303869. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Long-term Brain Stimulation of the Motor Ventral Thalamus (VOP/VIM) to Improve Motor Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07056348. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus
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Data from: Effects of arousal and movement on secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus
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Data from: Thalamus and focal to bilateral seizures: a multi-scale cognitive imaging study
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Data from: Attentional modulation of secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus of mice
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Real-time VIM thalamus recordings during peripheral nerve stimulation treatment for essential tremor: DBS intraoperative dataset
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Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network
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Ventral pallidum efferent pathways via mediodorsal thalamus and lateral habenula mediate distinct aspects of default mode network regulation
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Distinct Firing Responses to Synthetic Synaptic Currents in the Adult Murine Reticular and Relay Thalamus
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Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Rats
<p>Rat fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 3d and Suppl. Fig. 5.</p>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Human
<p>Human fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 8 and Suppl. Fig. 11.</p>
Dataset (MATLAB format) from Yang et al (2022) Thalamus-driven functional populations in frontal cortex support decision-making. Nat. Neurosci.
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>These experiments measure neuronal responses from the left hemisphere of premotor cortex (anterior lateral motor cortex, ALM) of adult mice performing pole location discrimination with a short-term memory. In a subset of the recordings, we inactivate activity of one of the brain regions providing inputs to ALM (ipsilateral S1/S2, contralateral ALM, and ipsilateral Thal<sub>ALM</sub>) in some trials.</p> <p>This dataset contains data from 9626 single units, 73 mice, 347 sessions. The dataset is described as “the primary dataset” in the paper below. The experiments (including experiment methods) are described in the paper.</p> <p><em>Yang W, Tipparaju SL, Chen G, Li N, (2022). Thalamus-driven functional populations in frontal cortex activity supports decision-making. Nat Neurosci, in press.</em></p> <p> </p> <p>The second dataset used in the paper can be downloaded also from Zenodo at</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6713616">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6713616</a></pre> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to cite the data</strong></p> <p>If you publish any work using the data, please cite the Chen et. al., (2021) publication above and also cite the dataset in the following recommended format:</p> <p>Li N (2022); Data and simulations related to: Thalamus-driven functional populations in frontal cortex activity supports decision-making. Yang et al (2022) Nat Neurosci.</p> <p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6846161">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6846161</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to get started</strong></p> <p>Once downloaded</p> <p>1) unzip “<strong>func</strong>”</p> <p>2) unzip "<strong>scripts</strong>"</p> <p>3) Run any scripts "<strong>demo_*.m</strong>" within "<strong>scripts</strong>"</p> <p> </p> <p>A collection of analyses scripts that reproduce figures in " Yang et al (2022)" is included in the folder "<strong>\scripts\</strong>"</p> <p><strong>demo_compute_activity_modes_independentTrials.m</strong> – plot t-SNE embedding and all the response profile clusters; plots PSTHs from an example cluster; plots neurons connected to S1/S2, cALM, ThalALM on the t-SNE.</p> <p><strong>demo_compute_tSNE_embedding.m</strong> – t-SNE embedding of neuronal response profiles (based on PSTH shape)</p> <p><strong>demo_compute_activity_modes.m</strong> – compute activity modes from neuronal population responses.</p> <p><strong>demo_compute_selectivity_vector_stability.m</strong> – analysis of selectivity vectors</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.