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37 results for “Thermal gradient”
Underlying dataset for battery pack degradation - Understanding aging in parallel-connected lithium-ion batteries under thermal gradients
<p>This record constitutes the raw data underlying the paper "<i>Battery pack degradation - Understanding aging in parallel-connected lithium-ion batteries under thermal gradients</i>" (<a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2535223/v1">preprint link</a>)</p><p>The dataset contains all raw data, processed data and analysis codes used to generate figures in the publication. Abstract is as follows:</p><blockquote><p>Practical lithium-ion battery systems require parallelisation of tens to hundreds of cells, however understanding of how pack-level thermal gradients influence lifetime performance remains a research gap. Here we present an experimental study of surface cooled parallel-string battery packs (temperature range 20-45 °C), and identify two main operational modes; convergent degradation with homogeneous temperatures, and (the more detrimental) divergent degradation driven by thermal gradients. We attribute the divergent case to the, often overlooked, cathode impedance growth. This was negatively correlated with temperature and can cause positive feedback where the impedance of cells in parallel diverge over time; increasing heterogeneous current and state-of-charge distributions. These conclusions are supported by current distribution measurements, decoupled impedance measurements and degradation mode analysis. From this, mechanistic explanations are proposed, alongside a publicly available aging dataset, which highlights the critical role of capturing cathode degradation in parallel-connected batteries; a key insight for battery pack developers.</p></blockquote>
dataset for Fig 2 in NatComm "Localised structuring of metal-semiconductor cores in silica clad fibres using laser-driven thermal gradients"
<p>Infrared transmission of silicon core fiber through which gold has been laser-thermally moved to reystallize the material</p>
Data for: Plasticity in mosquito size and thermal tolerance across a latitudinal climate gradient
<p>Variations in heat tolerance among populations can determine whether a species can cope with ongoing climate change. Such variation may be especially important for ectotherms whose body temperatures, and consequently, physiological processes, are regulated by external conditions. Additionally, differences in body size are often associated with latitudinal clines, thought to be driven by climate gradients. While studies have begun to explore variation in body size and heat tolerance within species, our understanding of these patterns across large spatial scales, particularly regarding the roles of plasticity and genetic differences, remains incomplete. Here, we examine body size, as measured by wing length, and thermal tolerance, as measured by the time to immobilization at high temperatures ("thermal knockdown"), in populations of the mosquito <em>Aedes sierrensis</em> collected from across a large latitudinal climate gradient spanning 1300 km (34-44 °N). We find that mosquitoes collected from lower latitudes and warmer climates were more tolerant of high temperatures than those collected from higher latitudes and colder climates. Moreover, body size increased with latitude and decreased with temperature, a pattern consistent with James' rule, which appears to be a result of plasticity rather than genetic variation. Our results suggest that warmer environments produce smaller and more thermally tolerant populations.</p>
Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia
<p>These CSV and R script files are the dataset and codes used for the analysis in the following <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36671-1">journal paper</a>:</p> <p>Kohyama, T.I., Sheil, D., Sun, IF. <em>et al.</em> Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>14</strong>, 1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36671-1</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>d0.csv — Individual tree-stem size data obtained by two censuses in 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>t1</code> — Year of the first census</li> <li><code>t2</code> — Year of the second census</li> <li><code>dbh1</code> — Stem diameter (cm) at the first census*<sup>1</sup></li> <li><code>dbh2</code> — Stem diameter (cm) at the second census*<sup>1</sup></li> <li><code>w1</code> — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>) at the first census</li> <li><code>w2</code> — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>) at the first census</li> <li><code>wl1</code> — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>) at the first census</li> <li><code>wl2</code> — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>) at the second census</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>d1.csv — Species-level biomass, productivity and other turnover rates in each of 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>t1</code> — Year of the first census</li> <li><code>t2</code> — Year of the second census</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>N</code> — Period mean number of stems (ha<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>B</code> — Period mean above ground biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>Bl</code> — Period mean leaf biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>p</code> — Relative above ground biomass productivity rate (year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>l</code> — Relative above ground biomass loss rate (year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>P</code> — Absolute above ground biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>L</code> — Absolute above ground biomass loss rate (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>pl</code> — Relative leaf biomass productivity rate (year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>ll</code> — Relative leaf biomass loss rate (year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>Pl</code> — Absolute leaf biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>Ll</code> — Absolute leaf biomass loss rate (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>w_max</code> — Period mean above ground biomass of the largest tree (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>w_99</code> — The 99-th percentaile of tree above ground biomass (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>)</li> <li><code>rgr_max</code> — Relative growth rate of the largest tree (year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>plot_metadata.csv — Metadata (e.g. location and climate variables) for 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>latitude</code> — Latitude in decimal degrees (°)</li> <li><code>longitude</code> — Longitude in decimal degrees (°)</li> <li><code>elevation</code> — Elevation (m)</li> <li><code>area</code> — Plot area (ha)</li> <li><code>MAT</code> — Mean annual temperature (°C)*<sup>2</sup></li> <li><code>AP</code> — Annual precipitation (mm year<sup>−1</sup>)*<sup>2</sup></li> <li><code>PET</code> — Potential evapotranspiration (mm year<sup>−1</sup>)*<sup>2</sup></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>annual_litterfall.csv — Annual fine litterfall (i.e. canopy productivity) obtained by monthly litterfall records collected by litter traps during same census period in 22 forest plots <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>Plitter</code> — Annual litterfall production (Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>max_tree_height.csv — Tallest tree height for 388 species in 11 forest plots <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>H_max</code> — tallest tree height (m)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>productivity.r — R script for estimating forest-level aboveground net productivity</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>*<sup>1 </sup>No-record diameters due to death in the second census and pre-recruitment in the first census were set to zero.</p> <p>*<sup>2</sup> Climate data for the period 1981–2010 were obtained from CHELSA version 2.1 (Krager et al. 2021 EnviDat, https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1)</p>
Data from: Thermal plasticity in development and diapause strategy in a temperate butterfly across a latitudinal gradient
<ol> <li>Trade-offs among traits are central to life-history theory and often closely linked to an organism's fitness. Understanding how these trade-offs vary among populations and across environments is therefore important to more accurately predict species' responses to future climate change. However, the extent to which responses vary across populations remains unknown because few studies investigate intraspecific differences. </li> <li>We performed a full-factorial split-brood common garden experiment to test how variation in rearing temperature affects developmental timing and other traits important for survival during diapause in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (<em>Melitaea</em> <em>cinxia</em>). Pre-diapause larvae originating from four regions across a latitudinal cline across Europe were reared at four temperatures (25, 28, 31, and 34 °C), and we used a reaction norm approach to test for evidence of genetic differentiation and variation in developmental plasticity across regions.</li> <li>We found clear signs of genetic differentiation in multiple developmental traits, as well as differences in developmental plasticity. Northern larvae entered diapause in the fourth instar when the temperatures were low, whereas southern larvae did so in the fifth instar. As a result, development time is canalized with regards to temperature in northern larvae: due to entering diapause one stage earlier, they develop fast even in the cold, whereas southern larvae always develop slower, especially at low temperatures. As a trade-off, northern larvae have a lower body mass when reared at cooler temperatures compared to southern larvae, and they show increased plasticity in diapause mass. No clear clinal patterns were found in relative fat content.</li> <li>Our results show that trade-offs between body size, development time and growth rate can vary within species living across environmental clines, possibly as a consequence of natural selection to local environmental conditions or other genetic constraints. This variation highlights the importance of recognising the context-dependency of relationships between important life-history traits and their interactions with local environments in predicting species' responses to climate change.</li> </ol>
Beyond latitude: Thermal tolerance and vulnerability of a broadly distributed salmonid across a habitat temperature gradient
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Predators like it hot: Thermal mismatch in a predator-prey system across an elevational tropical gradient
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Data from: Thermal plasticity in development and diapause strategy in a temperate butterfly across a latitudinal gradient
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Data for: Plasticity in mosquito size and thermal tolerance across a latitudinal climate gradient
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Data from: Fitness surfaces and local thermal adaptation in Drosophila along a latitudinal gradient
<p><span>Local adaptation is commonly cited to explain species distribution, but how fitness varies along continuous geographical gradients is not well understood. Here we combine thermal biology and life-history theory to demonstrate that <em>Drosophila </em>populations along a 2,500 km latitudinal cline are adapted to local conditions. We measured how heat tolerance and viability rate across 8 populations vary with temperature in the laboratory, and then simulated their expected cumulative Darwinian fitness employing high-resolution temperature data from their 8 collection sites. Simulations indicate a trade-off between annual survival and cumulative viability, as both mortality and the recruitment of new flies are predicted to increase in warmer regions. Importantly, populations are locally adapted and exhibit the optimal combination of both traits to maximize fitness where they live. In conclusion, our method is able to reconstruct fitness surfaces employing empirical life-history estimates and reconstructs peaks representing locally adapted populations, allowing to study geographic adaptation <em>in silico</em>.</span></p>
Thermal performance of seaweeds and seagrasses across a regional climate gradient
<p><span>Comparative patterns in thermal performance between populations have fundamental implications for a species thermal sensitivity to warming and extreme events. Despite this, within-species variation in thermal performance is seldom measured. Here we compare thermal performance between-species variation within communities, for two species of seagrass (<i>Posidonia oceanica</i> and <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i>) and two species of seaweed (<i>Padina pavonica</i> and <i>Cystoseira compressa</i>). Experimental populations from four locations spanning approximately 75% of each species global distribution and a 6ºC gradient in summer temperatures were exposed to 10 temperature treatments (15ºC to 36ºC), reflecting median, maximum and future temperatures. Experimental thermal performance displayed the greatest variability between species, with optimal temperatures differing by over 10ºC within the same location. Within-species differences in thermal performance were also important for <i>P. oceanica</i> which displayed large thermal safety margins within cool and warm-edge populations and small safety margins within central populations. Our findings suggest patterns of thermal performance in Mediterranean seagrasses and seaweeds retain deep 'pre-Mediterranean' evolutionary legacies, suggesting marked differences in sensitivity to warming within and between benthic marine communities.</span></p>
Thermal physiology of Drosophila tripunctata across an urbanization gradient
<p><span>In <em>Drosophila </em>spp., their often high number of annual generations, large population sizes, and large amounts of standing genetic variation should predispose them to undergo contemporary adaptation to climatic warming. However, a number of laboratory experimental evolution studies in this group of organisms suggest strong limits on the rate and magnitude of contemporary thermal adaptation. Here we explore this discrepancy by examining the potential for rapid evolutionary divergence between wild populations of <em>Drosophila </em>tripunctata (Loew 1962) from rural and urban sites. We performed a multi-generation common garden study and found evidence for the evolution of higher heat tolerance (critical thermal maximum) in urban population flies. We also detected evolutionary divergence in cold resistance (chill coma recovery time) with diminished cold resistance in urban population flies, though the effect was weaker than the shift in heat tolerance. Although our study provides evidence of contemporary urban thermal adaptation, the magnitude of phenotypic change lagged behind the magnitude of environmental temperature change across the urbanization gradient, suggesting potential limits on the evolution of urban thermal physiology. </span></p>
Data used in article "Self-calibration of UAV Thermal Imagery Using Gradient Descent"
<p>This repository contains data allowing for reproduction of research described in article "Self-calibration of UAV Thermal Imagery Using Gradient Descent".</p> <p>Each zip archive available in repository contains:</p> <ul> <li>Thermal images produced using Zenmuse H20T camera (rjpg directory)</li> <li>Geojson vector shape of river centerline (centerline.json file)</li> <li>Configuration file used by Python implementation available at https://github.com/radekszostak/aerial-thermal-tuner (config.py file)</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: Fitness surfaces and local thermal adaptation in Drosophila along a latitudinal gradient
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Thermal performance of seaweeds and seagrasses across a regional climate gradient
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Thermal physiology of Drosophila tripunctata across an urbanization gradient
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Data from: Seasonal acclimation of photosynthetic thermal tolerances in six woody tropical species along a thermal gradient
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Dataset related to publication "In silico evaluation of the thermal stress induced by MRI switched gradient fields in patients with metallic hip implant"
<p>The datasets reported in the figures of the article "In silico evaluation of the thermal stress induced by MRI switched gradient fields in patients with metallic hip implant", published on Phys. Med. Biol. 64 245006, 2019.</p> <p>This work focuses on the in silico evaluation of the energy deposed by MRI switched gradient fields<br> in bulk metallic implants and the consequent temperature increase in the surrounding tissues. The results show that the gradient coils can generate local increases of temperature up to some kelvin when acting without radiofrequency excitation. Hence, their contribution in general should not be disregarded when evaluating patients’ safety.</p>
Data from: Nonlinear thermal gradients shape broad-scale patterns in geographic range size and can reverse Rapoport's rule
Aim: Species living at latitudes that have greater annual temperature variations are expected to achieve broader geographic ranges than species living at latitudes that have smaller annual temperature variations, generating a positive relationship between range size and latitude (Rapoport's rule). However, this prediction fails to take into account the greater latitudinal extent of tropical temperatures relative to those at higher latitudes. Here we model the contributions of the broader latitudinal extent of equal-temperature habitats at low latitudes and the greater annual temperature variation at high latitudes to the range size–latitude relationship, and test whether the latitudinal variation in geographic range size in marine bivalves can be explained by models that account for both annual temperature variation and the steepness of latitudinal thermal gradients. Location: Western Pacific, eastern Pacific and western Atlantic. Methods: We use a null model where geographic ranges are placed on the ocean surface independently of thermal gradients, and a range-expansion model where the minimum and maximum temperatures encompassed by the geographic range of a species (macroecological thermal ranges) are positively related to annual temperature minima and maxima at the location where the species originated. We compare results with a database containing 40,820 occurrences of 4760 marine bivalve species. Result: Models incorporating temperature-limited range expansion along realistic thermal gradients predict an inverse relationship between range size and latitude, in opposition to Rapoport's rule. The distribution patterns of marine bivalves match this prediction. Main conclusions: The poleward trend in latitudinal range size is determined by the nonlinearity of the latitudinal gradient of temperature minima and maxima and less by the latitudinal gradient of the local seasonal range in temperatures. Although tropical species do have narrower macroecological thermal ranges than high-latitude species, the nearly constant temperatures over wide areas of the tropics allow tropical species to achieve broad latitudinal ranges.
Data from: Variation in thermal biology of three closely related lizard species across an elevation gradient
The critical thermal limits of organisms and the thermal sensitivity of their performance tends to vary predictably across latitudinal gradients. There has been comparatively less investigation into variation in thermal limits biology with altitude, despite similar gradients in environmental temperatures with elevation. To redress this, we examined species critical thermal limits (CTmin and CTmax); thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance, and shelter site attributes, in three lizard species that replace one another along a contiguous elevation gradient in south eastern Australia. The species examined consisted of a highland specialist, Liopholis guthega, mid elevation species L. montana, and lowland L. whitii. We found similar habitat attributes between the species, but L. guthega predominantly occurred in open habitat which may reflect a strategy for maximising exposure to insolation. We found intraspecific variation in lizard thermal traits, most notably in cold tolerance of L. guthega and in both heat and cold tolerance of L. whitii, suggesting population specific variables acting on thermal physiology rather than a species distribution maintained by distinct thermal tolerances. This study represents one of the few examinations of thermal trait variability within and between species with elevation in a temperate system, and provides evidence for thermal physiology driven by localised adaptation and/or physiological plasticity to local conditions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.