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116 results for “Thermal performance”
An experimental data set on the thermal and fluid dynamic performance of double skin facades (DSFs) subjected to various controlled boundary conditions through the use of a climate simulator facility
<p>Double skin facades (DSFs) are building envelope systems defined by complex phenomena and non-linear-processes that make characterizing their performance a non-trivial task. In an effort to enable the scientific community to access experimental data for further analysis or model validation purposes, we release together with the open-access paper entitled “<strong><em>Laboratory testbed and methods for flexible characterization of the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of double skin facades” (</em></strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108700"><strong><em>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108700</em></strong></a><strong><em>)</em></strong>, a set of experimental data collected during tests carried out with the use of the newly developed testbed. The data contains the results of a series of tests where various configurations of a full-scale DSF mock-up that have been subjected to different boundary conditions replicated in a climate simulator. The database contains a guide in the form of the file ‘Guide.pdf’, which explains how to read data, presents a schematic drawing of sensor layout, and provides more information on sensors’ positions. Further information on the original aims of the experiments, methods, and other data can be found in the article mentioned above, which becomes an essential tool to understand how to read and interpret the experimental data fully. The following collection of experimental data are provided:</p> <ul> <li>32 steady-state measurements where the following factors were changed: ventilation mode (indoor and outdoor air curtain), solar irradiance (0, 400, 600, and 800 Wm<sup>-2</sup>), outdoor chamber temperature (10, 20, 30, and 40 ℃), cavity depth (20, 30, 40 and 60 cm) and venetian blinds position (no blinds, closed blinds, θ=45 º, and open blinds) [file names: ‘Taguchi_4Lx4F_L16_I-I.csv’ and ‘Taguchi 4Lx4F_L16_O-O.csv’],</li> <li>Dynamic profile measurements corresponding to a typical hot summer day [Dynamic_profile_measurements.csv] and</li> <li>Calibration data [Callibration.csv].</li> </ul> <p>Any inquires on the experimental data<em> can be sent </em>to: aleksandar.jankovic@ntnu.no</p>
A FIELD STUDY ON THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF GREEN ROOF FOR BUILDINGS IN HOT DRY CLIMATE OF ZARIA, NIGERIA
<p>Although the practice of employing the use of green roof for thermal insulation is gaining a wideranging acceptance across the globe, its use in Nigeria and the sub Saharan Africa has remained unpopular. Study has shown that, although a vast literature on different approaches in the application of green roof system exists, there is substantial misrepresentation of inferences regarding its applications in Nigeria. The purpose of the study therefore, is to assess the thermal performance of green roof in facilitating thermal insulation for building interiors of hot dry climate in Nigeria. The study is carried out through an empirical field observation in the premises of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. Two miniature live models were built and covered with galvanised iron roofing sheets on timber trusses; one of which was covered with green roof, while the other was left bare. This is with the view to determine the rate of thermal insulation a green roof system can offer over the bare roof in the building interiors of the study area. Using the experimental approach in green roof investigation, a data logging system was installed in the two thermal zones and readings of the temperature profile was taken. The results showed that; a reduction of 2.08°C in indoor air temperature was obtained on the diurnal ranges, while 19.78% of temperature fluctuation was achieved. Generally, the result showed that higher temperature ranges were recorded in the bare roofed case than the green roof. The maximum, mean and minimum record for the bare roof was 45.20°C, 32.03°C and 21.10°C respectively; while the recorded values for the green roof were 41.90°C, 29.95°C, and 21.00°C respectively. This implies that, the presence of vegetation on the green roofed case has offered a degree of thermal insulation required to achieve better passive cooling in order to attain thermal comfort in the interiors of the study area.</p>
Raw Data related to Research Article: Scaling of metal-clad InP nanodisk lasers: optical performance and thermal effects, Optics Express, volume 29, issue 3, 2021
<p>These are the plotted and raw data used to obtain figures shown in:</p> <p>P. Tiwari, P. Wen, D. Caimi, S. Mauthe, N. Vico Triviño, M. Sousa, and K. E. Moselund, Scaling of metal-clad InP nanodisk lasers: optical performance and thermal effects., Optics Express, volume 29, issue 3, 2021</p> <p>Please comply with copyright rules of the Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.:</p> <p>https://www.osapublishing.org/library/license_v1.cfm#VOR-OA</p> <p> </p>
Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range
<p>How mosquitoes may respond to rapid climate warming remains unknown for most species, but will have major consequences for their future distributions, with cascading impacts on human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. We investigated the adaptive potential of a wide-ranging mosquito species, <em>Aedes sierrensis</em>, across a large climatic gradient by conducting a common garden experiment measuring the thermal limits of mosquito life history traits. Although field-collected populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that spanned over 1,200 km, we found limited variation in upper thermal tolerance between populations. In particular, the upper thermal limits of all life history traits varied by <3°C across the species range and, for most traits, did not differ significantly between populations. For one life history trait—pupal development rate—we did detect significant variation in upper thermal limits between populations, and this variation was strongly correlated with source temperatures, providing evidence of local thermal adaptation for pupal development. However, we found that maximum environmental temperatures across most of the species' range already regularly exceed the highest upper thermal limits estimated under constant temperatures. This result suggests that strategies for coping with and/or avoiding thermal extremes are likely key components of current and future mosquito thermal tolerance.</p>
Data for: Predictable local adaptation in butterfly photoperiodism but not thermal performance along a latitudinal cline
<p>In seasonal environments, organisms must synchronize their life cycles to conditions favorable for growth and reproduction. Because season length varies geographically, local adaptation should arise in traits that regulate phenological responses. Geographic photoperiodism clines are well-known, but comparable studies on thermal performance are equivocal and often overlook non-linear responses. Therefore, we examined local adaptation in plastic responses to both photoperiod and temperature along a 752 km latitudinal cline, by comparing four Swedish populations of the butterfly <em>Pieris napi</em>. Using a common garden design, we estimated (1) photoperiod response curves for diapause induction and (2) thermal performance curves for development and growth rates. We show that differences in photoperiodism follow the expected geographical pattern, where diapause is induced at longer daylengths in northern populations (where growth seasons are short and summer days long). However, population differences in thermal performance curves were small and seemingly idiosyncratic, without clear clinal patterns. Photoperiodic responses appear to evolve more readily than thermal responses, highlighting photoperiodism as a key driver of local life cycle synchronization.</p>
F I G U R E 3 in Scaling of fast-start performance and its thermal dependence in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus
F I G U R E 3 Relationships between fast-start performance, body size (standard length), acclimation temperature, and test temperature in adult mummichogs. Graphs are arranged by performance variable in rows and by test temperature (24, 30, and 36 C) in columns. Colors indicate acclimation temperatures (blue is 24 C, purple is 30 C, and red is 36 C). Lines are the fitted performance–size relationships based on parameter estimates from best-fit mixed-effects models or model-averaged parameter estimates from supported models (see Table 1 and Table S3.). Effects of size on performance are apparent as nonzero slopes within individual graphs; effects of test temperature are evident as variation in average intercepts across test temperature graphs (i.e., comparing average intercepts for acclimation temperature–specific lines across columns within each row of graphs); effects of acclimation temperature are seen as differences in intercepts between acclimation temperature–specific lines within graphs; and interactions between size and temperature are apparent as variations in average slopes (i.e., averaged over acclimation-specific slopes) across test temperature graphs and as differences in acclimation temperature–specific slopes within graphs.
F I G U R E 1 in Scaling of fast-start performance and its thermal dependence in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus
F I G U R E 1 Morphological scaling in mummichog ranging from YOY to larger adults. Morphological variables are body dimensions (top row) and median fin areas (bottom row), and standard length is a measure of the overall body size. All data were log transformed. Sample sizes for fin areas were reduced because individuals with damaged fins were not measured. Estimates for scaling coefficients (i.e., the slope of the scaling relationship, b1) ± 1 S.E. are given for each morphological variable. Isometric expectations for scaling coefficients are 1.0 for body dimensions and 2.0 for fin areas; only the caudal fin area deviates significantly from isometry.
F I G U R E 2 in Scaling of fast-start performance and its thermal dependence in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus
F I G U R E 2 Representative kinematics for fast-starts in small (41 mm SL) and large (66 mm SL) adult mummichogs controlling for temperature. The top panel shows frames from high-speed videos at 10 ms intervals. To facilitate interpretation, original videos have been cropped to the same spatial dimensions and rotated to standardize starting orientation and escape direction (but note that digitization used unmodified videos). The graph in the bottom panel shows the angular displacement of the head (triangles) and the linear displacement of the fish center of mass (circles) for the trials depicted in the video frames, which were maximum performance trials for the small (filled shapes) and large (open shapes) fish tested at their acclimation temperature (24 C). The curve for head rotation was truncated at its maximum value to highlight the difference in time to form the initial C-bend. The curve for linear displacement continued until the end of stage 2 of the fast-start. Whereas small fish had higher rotation rates and executed the fast-start in less time, small and large fish moved their bodies over similar distances given equal amounts of time.
Data from: The evolution of thermal performance in native and invasive populations of Mimulus guttatus
<p>The rise of globalization has spread organisms beyond their natural range, allowing further opportunity for species to adapt to novel environments and potentially become invaders. Yet, the role of thermal niche evolution in promoting the success of invasive species remains poorly understood. Here, we use thermal performance curves (TPCs) to test hypotheses about thermal adaptation during the invasion process. First, we tested the hypothesis that if species largely conserve their thermal niche in the introduced range, invasive populations may not evolve distinct TPCs relative to native populations, against the alternative hypothesis that thermal niche and therefore TPC evolution has occurred in the invasive range. Second, we tested the hypothesis that clines of TPC parameters are shallower or absent in the invasive range, against the alternative hypothesis that with sufficient time, standing genetic variation, and temperature-mediated selection, invasive populations would re-establish clines found in the native range in response to temperature gradients. To test these hypotheses, we built TPCs for 18 native (United States) and 13 invasive (United Kingdom) populations of the yellow monkeyflower, <i>Mimulus guttatus</i>. We grew clones of multiple genotypes per population at six temperature regimes in growth chambers. We found that invasive populations have not evolved different thermal optima or performance breadths, providing evidence for evolutionary stasis of thermal performance between the native and invasive ranges after over 200 years post-introduction. Thermal optimum increased with mean annual temperature in the native range, indicating some adaptive differentiation among native populations which was absent in the invasive range. Further, native and invasive populations did not exhibit adaptive clines in thermal performance breadth with latitude or temperature seasonality. These findings suggest that thermal performance curves remained unaltered post-invasion, and that invasion may proceed via broad thermal tolerance and establishment in already climatically suitable areas rather than rapid evolution upon introduction.</p>
Dataset for "Superior thermoelectric performance of SiGe NWs epitaxially integrated into thermal micro-harvesters"
<p>This is the dataset for the work "Superior thermoelectric performance of SiGe NWs epitaxially integrated into thermal micro-harvesters"</p> <p>The files include:</p> <p>· INDIVIDUAL NW data:</p> <p> - I-V data of each NW at different temperatures<br> - SEM images of the NW, each of them used for assessing one NW parameter<br> - Tip: NW diameter 2<br> - Base: NW diameter 1<br> - Overall: NW length<br> - Tilted view at 45º: Relative NW heigh over the substrate</p> <p>· SEEBECK MEASUREMENT data:</p> <p> - Voc versus applied dT data for each substrate temperature<br> - File containing calibration data for all resistors</p> <p>· POWER HARVESTED data:</p> <p> - I-V curves of each microthermocouple connection X-Y upon different substrate temperatures in tabulated separated .txt files<br> - Summary of Individual microthermocouple results (Results_Individual) in tabulated separated .txt files<br> - Summary of Combination of several microthermocouples in series (Results_Combinations) in tabulated separated .txt files</p>
The community background alters the evolution of thermal performance
<p>Microbes are key drivers of global biogeochemical cycles and their functional roles are heavily dependent on temperature. Large population sizes and rapid turnover rates mean that the predominant response of microbes to environmental warming is likely to be evolutionary, yet our understanding of evolutionary responses to temperature change in microbial systems is rudimentary. Natural microbial communities are diverse assemblages of interacting taxa. However, most studies investigating the evolutionary response of bacteria to temperature change are focused on monocultures. Here we utilise high throughput experimental evolution of bacteria in both monoculture and community contexts along a thermal gradient to determine how interspecific interactions influence the thermal adaptation of community members. We found that community-evolved isolates tended towards higher maximum growth rates across the temperature gradient compared to their monoculture-evolved counterparts. We also saw little evidence of systematic evolutionary change in the shapes of bacterial thermal tolerance curves along the thermal gradient. However, the effect of community background and selection temperature on the evolution of thermal tolerance curves was variable and highly taxon-specific – with some taxa exhibiting pronounced changes in thermal tolerance, while others were less impacted. We also found that temperature acted as a strong environmental filter, resulting in the local extinction of taxa along the thermal gradient, implying that temperature-driven ecological change was a key factor shaping the community background upon which evolutionary selection can operate. These findings offer novel insight into how the community background impacts thermal adaptation.</p>
Thermal based Mean-Shift Tracking performance (including 6 video sequence)
<p>I have researched novel tracking algorithm (TIR-MS : Thermal infrared based Mean-Shift) in the single pedestrian head tracking environment. </p> <p>We evaluated the tracking performance of the proposed method and attached a video with the results of the tracking. We used to summarized as tracking performance based Average Histogram Similarity and Central Difference, respectively.</p>
Winter fruit contribution to the performance of the invasive fruit fly Drosophila suzukii under different thermal regimes
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>These datasheets and code were used for analyses and to produce the graphics of the article This dataset was used for analyses of the article 'Winter fruit contribution to the performance of the invasive fruit fly Drosophila suzukii under different thermal regimes' submitted for publication in Insect Science.</p> <p>Informations about the datasheet are in 'README and metadata' file.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail <i>Urosalpinx cinerea </i>across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of "mixed" trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima was positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern likely arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby "cold" populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to "warm" populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms therefore requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.
Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
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Data from: The evolution of thermal performance in native and invasive populations of Mimulus guttatus
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Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range
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Sex-specific variation in thermal sensitivity has multiple negative effects on reproductive trait performance
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Data for: Predictable local adaptation in butterfly photoperiodism but not thermal performance along a latitudinal cline
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The community background alters the evolution of thermal performance
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.