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34 results for “Thermal preference”
Dark matter and Z' masses preferred by muon g-2 and thermal freeze-out
<p>Companion data for the paper "The Simplest and Most Predictive Model of Muon g−2 and Thermal Dark Matter" [<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.09067">https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.09067</a>].</p> <p>The data provides constraints on the masses of DM and Z' which solve the muon g-2 anomaly and generate sufficient thermal dark matter. Two such bands are given (on either side of the resonance), each of which has a 'min', 'mid', and 'max' value based on current 1 sigma constraints on the muon g-2 anomaly. All masses are in MeV.</p>
Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
<p><span>Mating behaviours are susceptible to novel or stressful thermal conditions, particularly for ectothermic organisms. One way to deal with changes in thermal conditions is to exhibit developmental plasticity, whereby the thermal sensitivity of mating behaviours depend on developmental conditions. </span></p> <p><span>We test how developmental temperature affects the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating rates, as well as mating signal and preference coupling. </span></p> <p><span>We rear treehoppers under two temperature regimes and then test how a range of ambient temperature affects behaviours involved in the coordination of mating. We also test for sex-specific thermal sensitivity and developmental plasticity.</span></p> <p><span>We find developmental plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating signals for males. However, we found no developmental plasticity in females, and no change in the thermal sensitivity of mating rates.</span></p> <p><span>We discuss the implications of signal-preference decoupling for sexual selection, how reversible acclimation may drive sex-specific results, and the potential for mismatches between developmental and mating thermal environments under future climate change predictions. </span><span><br></span></p>
Data from: Active regulation of ultraviolet light exposure overrides thermal preference behaviour in eastern fence lizards
<p>1. Over a century of ecophysiological studies on lizards have perpetuated the assumption that basking and shuttling movements between sun and shade function solely for temperature regulation. However, these behaviors also modulate exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis as well as ensuring proper growth and development and enhancing long-term fitness.</p> <p>2. An alternative hypothesis is that lizards also actively regulate their UV exposure. In this scenario, UV needs may even override temperature needs (or vice versa), generating asymmetries in the ability of a lizard to regulate both conditions equally. We test this hypothesis using field and laboratory data collected on adult <em>Sceloporus undulatus</em>.</p> <p>3. We found that <em>S. undulatus</em> actively regulate UV exposure and prioritize UV over temperature, favoring body temperatures much higher than preferred values to sustain preferred UV exposure. In stark contrast, temperature had no reciprocal impact on UV regulation behavior. Our field data support these patterns, suggesting that lizards may even seek out hotter environments despite thermal costs to enhance UV exposure.</p> <p>4. We conclude that <em>S. undulatus</em> actively regulate for UV as well as temperature. Unfortunately, outside of zoos and private hobbyists, appreciation of the importance of UV for ectotherm survival and reproductive success has been minimal. Addressing this deficit will therefore be vital to improve our understanding of the factors shaping the evolution of ectotherm photoregulation behavior in nature.</p>
Data from: Active regulation of ultraviolet light exposure overrides thermal preference behaviour in eastern fence lizards
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Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
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Thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes
<p>Significant advances have been made towards surveying animal and plant communities using DNA isolated from environmental samples. Despite rapid progress, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the "ecology" of environmental DNA (eDNA), particularly its temporal and spatial distribution and how this is shaped by abiotic and biotic processes. Here, we tested how seasonal variation in thermal stratification and animal habitat preferences influence the distribution of eDNA in lakes. We sampled eDNA depth profiles of five dimictic lakes during both summer stratification and autumn turnover, each containing warm- and cool-water fishes as well as the cold-water stenotherm, lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>). Habitat use by <i>S. namaycush</i> was validated by acoustic telemetry and was significantly related to eDNA distribution during stratification. Fish eDNA became "stratified" into layers during summer months, reflecting lake stratification and the thermal niches of the species. During summer months, <i>S. namaycush</i>, which rarely ventured into shallow waters, could only be detected at the deepest layers of the lakes, whereas the eDNA of warm-water fishes was much more abundant above the thermocline. By contrast, during autumn lake turnover, the fish species assemblage as detected by eDNA was homogenous throughout the water column. These findings contribute to our overall understanding of the "ecology" of eDNA within lake ecosystems, illustrating how the strong interaction between seasonal thermal structure in lakes and thermal niches of species on very localised spatial scales influences our ability to detect species.</p>
Data for: Variability in thermal and phototactic preferences in Drosophila may reflect an adaptive bet-hedging strategy
<p>Data and code for "Variability in thermal and phototactic preferences in <em>Drosophila</em> may reflect an adaptive bet-hedging strategy." </p> <p>.zip file contains .mats with data, a LabView .vi for the acquisition instrument, and Matlab .m analysis and visualization scripts. </p> <p>The included index.html file acts as a readme and contains descriptions of all other files and links.</p>
Thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes
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Body temperature differences between green and brown grasshoppers do not result from thermal physiology or thermal preferences
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Cricket thermal preferences and starvation
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Data from: Natural selection on thermal preference, critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance
Climate change is resulting in a radical transformation of the thermal quality of habitats across the globe. Whereas species have altered their distributions to cope with changing environments, the evidence for adaptation in response to rising temperatures is limited. However, to determine the potential of adaptation in response to thermal variation, we need estimates of the magnitude and direction of natural selection on traits that are assumed to increase persistence in warmer environments. Most inferences regarding physiological adaptation are based on interspecific analyses, and those of selection on thermal traits are scarce. Here, we estimate natural selection on major thermal traits used to assess the vulnerability of ectothermic organisms to altered thermal niches. We detected significant directional selection favouring lizards with higher thermal preferences and faster sprint performance at their optimal temperature. Our analyses also revealed correlational selection between thermal preference and critical thermal maxima, where individuals that preferred warmer body temperatures with cooler critical thermal maxima were favoured by selection. Recent published estimates of heritability for thermal traits suggest that, in concert with the strong selective pressures we demonstrate here, evolutionary adaptation may promote long-term persistence of ectotherms in altered thermal environments.
Data from: Habitat choice meets thermal specialization: competition with specialists may drive suboptimal habitat preferences in generalists
Limited dispersal is classically considered as a prerequisite for ecological specialization to evolve, such that generalists are expected to show greater dispersal propensity compared with specialists. However, when individuals choose habitats that maximize their performance instead of dispersing randomly, theory predicts dispersal with habitat choice to evolve in specialists, while generalists should disperse more randomly. We tested whether habitat choice is associated with thermal niche specialization using microcosms of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a species that performs active dispersal and habitat choice. We found that thermal specialists preferred optimal habitats as predicted by theory, a link that should make specialists more likely to track suitable conditions under environmental changes than expected under the random dispersal assumption. Surprisingly, generalists also performed habitat choice but with a preference for suboptimal habitats. Since this result challenges current theory, we developed a simple metapopulation model to understand under which circumstances such a preference for suboptimal habitats should evolve. We showed that competition between generalists and specialists may favor a preference for niche margins in generalists under environmental variability. Our results demonstrate that the behavioral dimension of dispersal—here, habitat choice—fundamentally alters our predictions of how dispersal evolve with niche specialization, making dispersal behaviors crucial for ecological forecasting facing environmental changes.
Data from: Evolutionary potential of thermal preference and heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura
Evolutionary change of thermal traits (i.e. heat tolerance and behavioral thermoregulation) is one of the most important mechanisms exhibited by organisms to respond to global warming. However, the evolutionary potential of heat tolerance, estimated as narrow-sense heritability, depends on the methodology employed. An alternative adaptive mechanism to buffer extreme temperatures is behavioral thermoregulation, although the association between heat tolerance and thermal preference is not clearly understood. We suspect that methodological effects associated with the duration of heat stress during thermal tolerance assays are responsible for missing this genetic association. To test this hypothesis, we estimated the heritabilities and genetic correlations for thermal traits in Drosophila subobscura, using high-temperature static and slow ramping assays. We found that heritability for heat tolerance was higher in static assays (h2 = 0.134) than in slow ramping assays (h2 = 0.084), suggesting that fast assays may provide a more precise estimation of the genetic variation of heat tolerance. In addition, thermal preference exhibited a low heritability (h2 = 0.066), suggesting a reduced evolutionary response for this trait. We also found that the different estimates of heat tolerance and thermal preference were not genetically correlated, regardless of how heat tolerance was estimated. In conclusion, our data suggest that these thermal traits can evolve independently in this species. In agreement with previous evidence, these results indicate that methodology may have an important impact on genetic estimates of heat tolerance and that fast assays are more likely to detect the genetic component of heat tolerance.
Dataset for: Altered thermal preferences of infected or immune-challenged Aedes aegypti and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes
<p>Dataset for: Altered thermal preferences of infected or immune-challenged Aedes aegypti and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes</p>
Fig. 3 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 3 Relationship between the slopes of the following traits regressed on temperature: population growth rate r (x-axis) and body size (the absolute values of the negative slopes; y-axis). Each point represents a clone with its thermal adaptation distinguished by color. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Slope± SE
Fig. 2 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 2 Interclonal response to temperature in six clones of Lecane inermis rotifer: population growth rate r A and temperature-size rule response B. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Means ± SE
Fig. 1 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 1 Relationships among life history traits for six clones of the rotifer Lecane inermis: female body size and egg size measured from the stock populations at 25 °C A, female lifespan and total number of
FIGURE 3 in Diet, Microhabitat Use, And Thermal Preferences Of Ptychoglossus Bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) In An Organic Coffee Shade Plantation In Colombia
FIGURE 3: Relationships between lizard size and total volume of prey in stomach of Ptychoglossus bicolor.The degree of fullness of the stomach varies among individuals. The upper line is an estimate of where points for lizards with completely full stomach should lie; points for lizards with a nearly empty stomach would approach the x axis. Data are shown non-log-transformed to illustrate that most stomachs were not nearly full.
FIGURE 2 in Diet, Microhabitat Use, And Thermal Preferences Of Ptychoglossus Bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) In An Organic Coffee Shade Plantation In Colombia
FIGURE 2: Diet variation over time of Ptychoglossus bicolor. Graph shows volume of isopods, and volume of the full stomach content variation. The bars represent ± 95% confidence bounds for the means. Covariate mean for SVL:1.75.
FIGURE 1 in Diet, Microhabitat Use, And Thermal Preferences Of Ptychoglossus Bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) In An Organic Coffee Shade Plantation In Colombia
FIGURE 1: Climate of the study area. Data correspond to the monthly average precipitation and temperature of La Hacienda El Roble (Mesa de los Santos, Santander). Current data were recorded from the coffee farm station, and historical data were taken from the DIVA-GIS database.
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