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Figure 3 in A king-sized theropod coprolite

Figure 3 Photomicrograph of a thin section of the theropod coprolite, showing associated bone fragments that indicate digestive degradation. Digestive acids and enzymes probably infiltrated the interior of the bone through vascular canals. Scale bar, 100 m.

Figure 7. Log10 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 7. Log10-transformed bivariate plot of the longitudinal width of proximal head of the femur versus the femoral length of early theropods. The solid black line represents the linear regression described by the formula, and the red dotted lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 6 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 6. Strict consensus of six most parsimonious trees of the phylogenetic analysis. Bremer support, absolute bootstrap frequency and GC bootstrap frequency values are indicated at each branch in that order.

Figure 5 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 5. Isolated partial left ischium NHMUK PV R 37597 of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) medial and (b) dorsal view. asil, articulation surface with the ilium; atr, antitrochanter; ipis, iliac peduncle of the ischium.

Figure 8 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 8. Results of the ancestral state reconstruction for Saurischia using the first of the three MPTs used to perform the analyses (the nonsaurischian region of the tree was omitted for simplicity). For the analysis figured here, all sampled taxa were included and the minimum branch length was set at 1.0 Myr. (a) Time-calibrated heatmap of the log10-transformed femoral lengths and (b) the same part of the tree with the ancestral estimates for each node plotted above the branch in bold and the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals plotted below it in italics. The complete analysis, as well as the analyses performed under different parameters can be found in the electronic supplementary material.

Figure 1 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 1. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 pelvis and vertebrae of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) left lateral view and (b) right lateral view. atr, antitrochanter; bf, brevis fossa; bfr, brevis fossa rim; bs, brevis shelf; dv, dorsal vertebra; iss, ischial shaft; nc, neural canal; no, notch; obf, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; prap, preacetabular process; puf, pubic fenestra; pus, pubic shaft; ras, rib attachment scar; ri, rim; sac, supra-acetabular crest; sv, sacral vertebra.

Figure 3 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 3. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 left femur of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) posteromedial, (b) anterolateral, (c) anteromedial, (d) posterolateral, (e) proximal and (f) distal view. amt, anteromedial tuber; at, anterior trochanter; icfl, depression associated with the insertion of the M. caudofemoralis longus; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; lica, linea intermuscularis caudalis; lincr, linea intermuscularis cranialis; obr, 'obturator ridge'; pmt, posteromedial tuber; ts, trochanteric shelf; 4th t, fourth trochanter.

Figure 2 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 2. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 pelvis and vertebrae of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) anterior view and (d) posterior view. bf, brevis fossa; bfr, brevis fossa rim; diap, diapophysis; dv, dorsal vertebra; gr, groove; il, ilium; ipis, iliac peduncle of the ischium; iss, ischiadic shaft; obf, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prap, preacetabular process; puf, pubic fenestra; pus, pubic shaft; sac, supra-acetabular crest; sv, sacral vertebra; tp, transverse process; vl, ventral lamina.

Figure 4 in Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

Figure 4. Isolated mid to posterior dorsal vertebra NHMUK PV 37596 of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) right lateral view, (b) left lateral view, (c) ventral view, (d) dorsal view, (e) anterior view and (f) posterior view. aas, anterior articular surface; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; nf, nutrient foramen; ns, neural spine; pacdf, parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pacprf, parapophyseal centroprezygapophyseal fossa; pap, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prpl, prezygaparapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spozf, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprzf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa.

FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 19 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 19. — Representation of the supposed three theropods taxon of the Vaches Noires cliffs with anatomic referred specimen positioning. Indeterminate Allosauroidea (A). Streptospondylus altdorfensis with the probable individual from Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers (B). Indeterminate Megalosauroidea distinct from Streptospondylus altdorfensis (C). Scale bars: 1 m.

FIG. 17 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views. MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view. Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 16. — Specimen B7 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 15 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 14. — Specimen B4 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 14. — Specimen B4, dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; spl, supplementary lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 13. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.9 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 13. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.9, first or second dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate Allosauroidea from Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: cpof, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpof, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; dp, diapophysis; ls, ligament scar; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; plr, pleurocoel; po, postzygapophysis; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, parapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; spof, spinopostzygodiapophyseal fossa. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 11 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 11. — Allosauroidea indet., braincase (B25392) and frontals (APVM1). Braincase in anterior view (A); frontals in posterior view (B); associated specimens B25392 and APVM1 in dorsal (C) and right lateral (D) views. Abbreviations: fm, foramen magnum; pr, parietal; frr, frontal remains on B25392. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 10 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 10. — Allosauroidea indet., right maxilla (MPV 2020.1.1), in lateral (A), medial (B) and dorsal (C) views. Details of mesial denticles from a replacement tooth of the second alveoli in lingual view (D). Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fossa; aor, antorbital ridge; amp, anteromedial process; pmr, promaxillary recess. Scale bar: A-C, 5 cm; D, 1 mm.

FIG. 9 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 9. — Allosauroidea indet., left maxilla and dentary (A1). Tentative positioning of A1 specimen in an "allosauroid like" skull (A); maxillary in dorsal view (A) and interpretative drawing (C). Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; man, maxillary antrum; pmf, promaxillary fossa; pmr, promaxillary recess; poas, postantral strut; pras, preantral strut. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 8 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 8. — Allosauroidea indet., left maxilla and dentary in occlusion (A1), lower Oxfordian Marnes de Villers, in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; mesial denticles of the fourth maxillary tooth in lateral view (C); mesial denticles of the second dentary tooth in lingual view (D); apex of the third dentary replacement tooth in lingual view (E). Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fossa; aor, antorbital ridge; amp, anteromedial process; dt, dentary tooth; mg, Meckelian groove; mt, maxillary tooth. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 1 mm.