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13 results for “Thorn tailed rayadito”
Data from: Assessing the reproductive consequences of mate retention and pair bond duration in Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a short-lived, socially monogamous Neotropical bird
<p><strong>Description for "PairingData_Aspinicauda.xlsx" file.</strong></p> <p>Data from: Assessing the reproductive consequences of mate retention and pair bond duration in Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a short-lived, socially monogamous Neotropical bird<br> MS Reference Number: IBIS-2022-OA-113.R2<br> Article DOI: 10.1111/ibi.13183</p> <p>Please address questions to:</p> <p>Esteban Botero D.<br> Guest Scientist<br> Max Planck Institute for Ornithology<br> Dep. Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics<br> Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 8<br> 82319 Seewiesen, Germany<br> Telephone: +49 8157 932453<br> http://www.orn.mpg.de/en<br> e-mail: eboterod@gmail.com; ebotero@orn.mpg.de</p> <p>=====================================================================================<br> =====================================================================================</p> <p><br> General information:</p> <p>The whole dataset contains breeding data collected from a population of the furnariid Thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in north-central Chile (Fray Jorge National Park; 30º38’S, 71º40’W). These data were collected during 2009–2017 as part of a long-term study on the breeding biology of rayaditos. In this study, data were used to evaluate the consequences of mate replacement versus mate retention using 243 breeding attempts made by 159 different breeding pairs. This, in the end, allowed to test whether successive remating conferred reproductive benefits to reunited pairs.</p> <p>The data set is comprised by an Excel file (three spreadsheets) that are explained below.</p> <p>*************************************************************************************</p> <p>Excel file "PairingData_Aspinicauda.xlsx" (created 11-01-2023)</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "1. AllPairs" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains information from all breeding attempts monitored during the study (n = 243). Each row correspond to a unique breeding attempt. The ring number is used as an ID for each individual. The matrix includes information regarding individual and pair identification, age, previous breeding status (whether an individual is a widow or a divorcee), current pairing status (whether is a newly formed pair or a reunited pair), number of seasons breeding together for each pair, confidence on pairing information for each pair (high: there was absolute confidence on the previous breeding status of both members of a breeding pair; low: when information on previous breeding status was missing for at least one of the members of a pair), and measures of reproductive success (laying day, clutch size, umber of fledglings produced). This dataset can be saved as a *.txt file so that it can be imported into R (R Core Team 2020).</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> FID ID for the breeding female.<br> FMAge Age for each breeding female (yearling: 1; adult: 2).<br> SocMID ID for the breeding male (social father of the clutch).<br> SocMaAge Age for each breeding male.<br> PairID ID for the breeding pair. This is for indexing purposes.<br> FPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> MPaSta Previous breeding status of the male (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> PairSta Pairing status for the focal breeding pair (New: newly formed; Reunited: reunited).<br> PairSea No. of seasons breeding together for each pair.<br> Certainty Certainty on previous breeding status (High or Low; see explanation above).<br> LayingD Laying date (number of days in relation to date of first egg in the population).<br> ClutchS Clutch size.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced.</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "2. WidowFBre" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains breeding information for females that were monitored in the years before and after mate loss.</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> FID ID for the breeding female.<br> LayingD Laying date during year after mate loss.<br> ClutchS Clutch size during year after mate loss.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced during year after mate loss.<br> FPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> LayingD_x.1 Laying date during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> ClutchS_x.1 Clutch size during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> NoFle_x.1 Number of fledging produced during year before mate loss (year x-1).</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "3. WidowMBre" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains breeding information for males that were monitored in the years before and after mate loss.</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> SocMID ID for the breeding male.<br> LayingD Laying date during year after mate loss.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced during year after mate loss.<br> MPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> LayingD_x.1 Laying date during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> NoFle_x.1 Number of fledging produced during year before mate loss (year x-1).</p> <p>*************************************************************************************</p> <p><br> =====================================================================================</p> <p><br> Methodological information (for more details, please see the related manuscript):</p> <p>A total of 101–157 nestboxes were installed in Fray Jorge since 2007, and are monitored annually during September–December. We gathered data on reproductive phenology and productivity during 2008–2017 for all nestbox occupants. Nestboxes were initially visited every 3–5 days to detect nest building. Once nestboxes were occupied, we increased the frequency of visits to record data on laying date, clutch size, and the number of hatchlings and fledglings produced (see more details in Botero-Delgadillo et al. 2017). We captured and marked breeding adults and nestlings with numbered aluminium rings when nestlings were 12–14 days old. Additionally, we used mist nets to capture adult birds breeding in natural cavities in our study site. A total of 248 adults (132 females, 116 males) and 730 nestlings were marked. For all nests that were monitored, we marked ~90% of all breeding adults every year.</p> <p>We used data from a total of 243 breeding attempts made by 159 breeding pairs captured during 2009–2017 to describe mating patterns in the study population, including: (i) the duration of social bonds for all breeding pairs formed during the study; (ii) the proportion of newly formed and remated pairs found during the entire study period and during each year; and (iii) the proportion of divorce versus mate loss causing pair dissolution.</p> <p>The consequences of mate retention and successive remating were evaluated by performing mixed-effects models in the lme4 package (Bates et al. 2015) in the free software R 4.0.2 (R Core Team 2020). To assess whether reproductive success was higher for remated pairs than for newly formed pairs, we tested for the effects of pairing status (newly formed vs. remated) on measures of breeding productivity. Linear models were fit for laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced. To control for between-season variation in reproductive output, we calculated Z-scores for all numeric response variables using the mean and standard deviation for each year. All models included age class of both members of a breeding pair as covariates (yearling vs. adult), and female, male and pair ID as random intercepts. First, we performed analyses on the complete set of 243 breeding attempts, and subsequently repeated the analyses on a reduced subset of data that only contained pairs whose previous pairing status was known with certainty (n = 159). This allowed to evaluate potential bias in our results, given that the complete dataset included pairs misclassified as “newly formed”, because the previous pairing status of older individuals that we captured for the first time is unknown.</p> <p>We also investigated whether individuals experienced reduced reproductive success after mate replacement. To test this, we compared breeding productivity of individuals in the years before and after mate loss. We focused the analysis on widowed birds, as the frequency of divorced individuals was low in the study population. We used linear mixed-effects models that included data on laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced as response variables. Each sex was tested separately, with clutch size being evaluated only for females. We included the breeding season as predictor (year x vs. x-1), and entered individual ID as a random intercept.</p> <p>Lastly, to evaluate whether successive remating influenced reproductive success, we used data on pairs that bred more than once together during the study (n = 132). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess the effect of the number of seasons breeding together on laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced. Between-season effects were controlled as described above, while the number of seasons breeding together (range: 1–6) was introduced as predictor. Given the skewed distribution of the number of seasons breeding together in this dataset (one = 36%; two = 36%; three = 17%; four = 8%; five = 2%; six = 1%), and the possibility that its effect on reproductive success might not be linear, a dummy variable indicating whether an observation belonged to the first breeding attempt (first attempt vs. after-first attempt) was also entered as predictor. Models included female and male age class as covariates, and pair ID as a random intercept.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Botero-Delgadillo, E., Quirici, V., Poblete, Y., Cuevas, E., Kuhn, S., Girg, A., Teltscher, K., Poulin, E., Kempenaers, B., & Vásquez, R. A. (2017). Variation in fine-scale genetic structure and local dispersal patterns between peripheral populations of a South American passerine bird. Ecology and Evolution, 7(20), 8363–8378. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3342</p> <p>Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Soft. 67: 1–48.</p> <p>R Core Team. (2020). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, version 4.0.2. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R.project.org</p> <p><br> =====================================================================================<br> =====================================================================================</p>
Data from: Heterozigosity-fitness correlations in a continental island population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito
<p>Heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) have been used to monitor the effects of inbreeding in threatened populations. HFCs can also be useful to investigate the potential effects of inbreeding in isolated relict populations of long-term persistence, and to better understand the role of inbreeding and outbreeding as drivers of changes in genetic diversity. We studied a continental island population of thorn-tailed rayadito (<i>Aphrastura spinicauda</i>) inhabiting the relict forest of Fray Jorge National Park, north-central Chile. This population has experienced a long-term, gradual process of isolation since the end of the Tertiary. Using 10 years of field data in combination with molecular techniques, we tested for HFCs to assess the importance of inbreeding depression. If inbreeding depression is important, we predict a positive relationship between individual heterozygosity and fitness-related traits. We genotyped 183 individuals at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci, and used seven measures of reproductive success and estimates of apparent survival to calculate HFCs. We found weak to moderate statistical support (<i>P</i>-values between 0.05 and 0.01) for a linear effect of female multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) on clutch size, and non-linear effects on laying date and fledging success. While more heterozygous females laid smaller clutches, non-linear effects indicated that females with intermediate values of MLH started laying earlier and had higher fledging success. We found no evidence for effects of MLH on annual fecundity or on apparent survival. Our results along with the long-term demographic stability of the study population contradict the hypothesis that inbreeding depression occurs in this population.</p>
Female extra-pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn-tailed Rayadito
<p>Extra-pair behavior is present in 76% of socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. This behavior may produce costs to females related to a reduction in paternal care. We estimated the percentage of extra-pair offspring and quantified paternal care in 44 nests of Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) to assess whether males reduce their parental care when females obtain extra-pair fertilizations. We used data from a sub-Antarctic population of Rayadito located on Navarino Island (55°4′S, 67°40′W), southern Chile. We found no statistical support for a relationship between variation in paternal care and the percentage of extra-pair offspring. We discuss how the inability of breeding males to assess their genetic paternity and potential restrictions on behavioral flexibility may explain this result. Additionally, if paternal care is subjected to sexual selection, this could limit a facultative response to female extra-pair behavior by males. Finally, it is possible that a reduction in paternal care might not have evolved in this particular locality given the low frequency of extra-pair paternity in our study population.</p>
Influence of the haemosporidian Leucocytozoon spp. over reproductive output in a wild Neotropical passerine, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda
<p>Life-history theory predicts that hosts may adjust the costs of parasites by altering their reproductive effort. Haemosporidian parasites can affect the reproductive output of wild birds in multiple ways.<b> </b>Thorn-tailed Rayaditos <i>Aphrastura spinicauda</i> breeding in Navarino Island, Southern Chile (55°-40° S) experience high prevalence of the haemosporidian <i>Leucocytozoon </i>spp., which opens the possibility of exploring how these parasites may affect reproductive output in a Neotropical bird species. We compared several variables describing reproductive output (laying date, clutch size, incubation period, brood size, nestling body condition and early-life telomere length) of infected and non-infected parents (individually and as breeding pairs). We found that infected-females and breeding pairs with both parents infected showed significantly shorter incubation periods than un-infected Thorn-tailed Rayaditos. Furthermore, breeding pairs with both parents infected raised nestlings with higher body condition than nestlings for which infection was present in only one or in none of the parents. Our results suggest that the higher the parental investment, the higher the risk of relapse of chronic infection by <i>Leucocytozoon </i>spp<i>. </i>Thorn-tailed Rayaditos that decrease their incubation period pay the cost of infection to take advantage of early breeding through a greater more availability of resources, producing nestlings with higher body condition.</p>
Data from: Exploratory behavior, but not aggressiveness, is correlated with breeding dispersal propensity in the highly philopatric Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Data from: Age and terminal reproductive attempt influence laying date in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Data from: Heterozigosity-fitness correlations in a continental island population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Female extra-pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Influence of the haemosporidian Leucocytozoon spp. over reproductive output in a wild Neotropical passerine, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda
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Data from: Extra-pair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Studies on extra-pair paternity (EPP) are key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in avian mating strategies, but information is currently lacking for most tropical and sub-tropical taxa. We describe the occurrence of EPP in two populations of a South American socially monogamous bird, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito, based on data from 266 broods and 895 offspring that were sampled during six breeding seasons in north-central and southern Chile. In the northern population, 21% of the broods contained at least one extra-pair young and 14% of all offspring were sired by an extra-pair male, while in the southern population, we detected extra-pair offspring (EPO) in 14% of the broods, and 6% of all offspring were EPO. Variation in the frequency of EPP could stem from population differences in the duration of the breeding season or the density of breeding individuals. Other factors such as differences in breeding synchrony and variation in food availability need to be evaluated. More reports on EPP rates are necessary to determine the patterns of taxonomic and geographic variation in mating strategies in Neotropical birds, and to better understand the differences in ecological dynamics between northern and southern hemisphere populations.
Data from: Evidence of low within-pair genetic relatedness in a relict population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito despite long-term isolation
<p>Investigating whether mating patterns are biased in relation to kinship in isolated populations can provide a better understanding of the occurrence of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in wild populations. Here we report on the genetic relatedness (<em>r</em>) among breeding pairs in a relict population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito (<em>Aphrastura spinicauda</em>) in north-central Chile that has experienced a long-term history of isolation. We used simulations based on eight years of data to assess whether mating is random with respect to relatedness. We found that mean and median population values of pair relatedness tended to be lower than randomly generated values, suggesting that mating is not random with respect to kinship. We hypothesize that female-biased dispersal is the main mechanism reducing the likelihood of mating among kin, and that the proportion of related pairs (i.e., <em>r </em>> 0.125) in the study population (25%) would presumably be higher in the absence of sex-biased dispersal. The occurrence of other mechanisms such as extra-pair copulations, delayed breeding and active inbreeding avoidance through kin discrimination cannot be dismissed and require further study.</p>
Data from: Extra-pair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
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Data from: Evidence of low within-pair genetic relatedness in a relict population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito despite long-term isolation
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