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7 results for “Threatening processes”
Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays
<p>Data repository accompanying manuscript titled of "Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays."</p> <p>Prasetyo, A. P., Murray, J. M., Kurniawan, M. F. A. K., Sales, N. G., McDevitt, A. D., & Mariani, S. (2023). Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays. Conservation Letters, 16, e12971. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12971</p>
Data from: Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population in North America has sharply declined over the last two decades. Despite rising concern over the monarch butterfly's status, no comprehensive study of the factors driving this decline has been conducted. Using partial least-squares regressions and time-series analysis, we investigated climatic and habitat-related factors influencing monarch population size from 1993 to 2014. Potential threats included climatic factors, habitat loss (milkweed and overwinter forest), disease and agricultural insecticide use (neonicotinoids). While climatic factors, principally breeding season temperature, were important determinants of annual variation in abundance, our results indicated strong negative relationships between population size and habitat loss variables, principally glyphosate use, but also weaker negative effects from the loss of overwinter forest and breeding season use of neonicotinoids. Further declines in population size because of glyphosate application are not expected. Thus, if remaining threats to habitat are mitigated we expect climate-induced stochastic variation of the eastern migratory population of monarch butterfly around a relatively stationary population size.
Data from: Neutral genetic processes influence MHC evolution in threatened gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)
Levels of adaptive genetic variation influence how species deal with environmental and ecological change, but these levels are frequently inferred using neutral genetic markers. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play a key role in the adaptive branch of the immune system and have been used extensively to estimate levels of adaptive genetic variation. Parts of the peptide binding region, sites where MHC molecules directly interact with pathogen and self-proteins, were sequenced from a MHC class I (95/441 tortoises) and class II (245/441 tortoises) gene in threatened and non-threatened populations of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), and adaptive genetic variation at MHC genes was compared to neutral genetic variation derived from 10 microsatellite loci (441 tortoises). Genetic diversity at the MHC class II locus and microsatellites was greater in populations in the non-threatened portion of the gopher tortoise's range (MHC class II difference in mean A = 8.11, AR = 0.79, HO = 0.51, and HE = 0.16; microsatellite difference in mean A = 1.05 and AR = 0.47). Only MHC class II sequences showed evidence of positive selection (dN/dS > 1, Z = 1.81, P = 0.04). Historical gene flow as estimated with Migrate-N was greater than recent migration estimated with BayesAss, suggesting that populations were better connected in the past when habitat was less fragmented. MHC genetic differentiation was correlated with microsatellite differentiation (Mantel r = 0.431, P = 0.001) suggesting neutral genetic processes are influencing MHC evolution, and advantageous MHC alleles could be lost due to genetic drift.
Data from: Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Recruitment for many arid-zone plant species is expected to be impacted by the projected increase in soil temperature and prolonged droughts associated with global climate change. As seed dormancy is considered a strategy to avoid unfavourable conditions, understanding the mechanisms underpinning vulnerability to these factors is critical for plant recruitment in intact communities, as well as for restoration efforts in arid ecosystems. This study determined the effects of temperature and water stress on recruitment processes in six grass species in the genus <i>Triodia </i>R.Br. from the Australian arid zone. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted on dormant and less-dormant seeds at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C, under well-watered (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.15 MPa) and water-limited (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.35 MPa) conditions. Success at three key recruitment stages – seed germination, emergence and survival– and final seed viability of un-germinated seeds was assessed.<i> </i>For all species, less dormant seeds germinated to higher proportions under all conditions, however, subsequent seedling emergence and survival was higher in the more dormant seed treatment. An increase in temperature (35–40°C) under water-limited conditions caused 95–100% recruitment failure, regardless of the dormancy state. Ungerminated seeds maintained viability in dry soil, however, when exposed to warm (30-40°C) and well-watered conditions, loss of viability was greater from the less dormant seeds across all species. This work demonstrates that the transition from seed to established seedling is highly vulnerable to microclimatic constraints, and represents a critical filter for plant recruitment in the arid-zone. As we demonstrated temperature and water stress-driven mortality between seeds and established seedlings, understanding how these factors influence recruitment in other arid-zone species should be a high priority consideration for management actions to mitigate the impacts of global change on ecosystem resilience. The knowledge gained from these outcomes must be actively incorporated into restoration initiatives.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress
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Data from: Neutral genetic processes influence MHC evolution in threatened gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.