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34 results for “Thrixspermum”
The mycorrhizal community of the epiphytic orchid Thrixspermum japonicum is strongly biased toward a single Ceratobasidiaceae fungus, despite a wide range of fungal partners
<p>PREMISE: Orchids depend primarily on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients throughout their life cycle. Epiphytic orchids account for 69% of orchid diversity. The unstable availability of water and nutrients in their arboreal habitats often results in severe water and nutrient stresses. Consequently, mycorrhizal associations may be important for the survival of epiphytic orchids, but our understanding thereof remains limited. Here, we investigated the mycorrhizal community in a single epiphytic orchid species, using more samples than in any previous study.</p> <p>METHODS: We assessed the mycorrhizal communities of Thrixspermum japonicum, one of the most common epiphytic orchids in the temperate region of Japan. In total, 144 individuals were collected from 28 host tree species at 20 sites across 1300 km. The mycorrhizal fungi were identified based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences and assigned operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% sequence similarity.</p> <p>RESULTS: We obtained 24 OTUs, of which 9 and 15 belonged to the Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae, respectively. These OTUs are widely distributed throughout the phylogenetic trees of the two fungal families. However, a single Ceratobasidiaceae OTU accounted for 49.7% of all fungal sequences and was predominant in samples from 15 host tree species and 12 sites.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that despite having a broad range of mycorrhizal partners, T. japonicum was predominantly associated with a single fungal taxon at most of the sites among the host-tree species investigated. These findings contribute to elucidating mycorrhizal symbiosis in epiphytic ha</p>
FIGURE 3. Thrixspermum indicum. A in Thrixspermum indicum (Orchidaceae), a new species from Northeast India
FIGURE 3. Thrixspermum indicum. A. Habit (Flowering). B. Flower (front view). C. Habit (Fruiting). [Photographs by D. Verma].
FIGURE 2. Thrixspermum indicum. A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Flower. D. Fruit. E. Floral analysis. F in Thrixspermum indicum (Orchidaceae), a new species from Northeast India
FIGURE 2. Thrixspermum indicum. A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Flower. D. Fruit. E. Floral analysis. F. Lip, column, pedicel and ovary (side view). G. T.S. of Lip showing hairs inside spur and raised callus. H. Column with pedicellate ovary. I. Anther cap. J. Pollinia. [Illustration by V. Kumar].
FIGURE 1. Thrixspermum indicum. A. Habit. B. Flower. C in Thrixspermum indicum (Orchidaceae), a new species from Northeast India
FIGURE 1. Thrixspermum indicum. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower (side view). D. Floral analysis. E. Lip, column, pedicel and ovary (side view). F. Lip, column, pedicel and ovary (front view). G. Lip (side view). H. Lip showing hairs inside spur. I. & J. T.S. of Lip showing hairs and raised callus. K. Column. L. Anther cap. M. Pollinia. [Photographic illustration by V. Kumar].
FIGURE 27 in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 27. Distribution map of Thrixspermum simile and T. polystictum in Thailand and Cambodia. It could represent a different taxon.
FIGURE 26 in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 26. Distribution map of Thrixspermum praetermissum and T. trichoglottis in subtropical and tropical Asia.
FIGURE 24. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 24. A comparison of allied species. A–B. Thrixspermum polystictum. C–D. T. latisaccatum. E–F. Thrixspermum simile. Photographed by Wattana Tanming (A–F. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 16. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 16. A comparison of allied species. A–B. Thrixspermum simile. C–D. T. lampongense. E–F. T. centipeda. Photographed by Wattana Tanming (A–B. Cultivation, QSBG), Nopparut Toolmal (C–D. Cultivation, QSBG) & Pilchar Ngai (E–F, Cultivation, Hong Kong). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 23. Thrixspermum polystictum. A–B. Plant habit. C in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 23. Thrixspermum polystictum. A–B. Plant habit. C. Inflorescences with flowers (oblique view). D. Flowers (ventral view). E. Flower (lateral view). Photographed by Nopparut Toolmal (A–B. In situ) & Wattana Tanming (C–E. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 19. Thrixspermum flammeum. A–B. Plant habit. C. Inflorescences with flowers. D–E in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 19. Thrixspermum flammeum. A–B. Plant habit. C. Inflorescences with flowers. D–E. Flower (ventral view). F. Flower (lateral view). Photographed by André Schuiteman (A. In situ, Champasak, Laos), Chaiwat Tunkpradit (B. In situ, Thailand), Wattana Tanming (C–E. Cultivation, QSBG) & Nopparut Toolmal (F. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 4. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 4. A comparison of allied species. A–B. Thrixspermum alboluteum. C–D. Thrixspermum patkaiense. E–F. Thrixspermum formosanum. Photographed by Wattana Tanming (A–B. Cultivation, QSBG), Nopparut Toolmal (C–D. In situ) & Morris Ng (E–F. Cultivation, Taiwan). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 1. Thrixspermum alboluteum. A. Habit. B. Leaf apex. C in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 1. Thrixspermum alboluteum. A. Habit. B. Leaf apex. C. Flower (front view). D. Rachis with flowers. E. Column & column-foot with petal & lateral sepal (lateral view). F. Sac with warts on the backwall (close-up). G. Lip (lateral view). H. Lip (longitudinal section). I. Lip (adaxial view, natural position). J. Lip (adaxial view, spread out). K. Dissected perianth. L. Column with pedicel (ventral view). M. Operculum (dorsal view). N. Anther with pollinia, stipe & viscidium (ventral view). O. Pollinia (two pairs). P. Stipe & viscidium. (Drawn from holotype, N. Toolmal et al. 20122001, TTM 0006394). Illustration by Phattaravee Prommanut.
FIGURE 15. Thrixspermum simile. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescences with flowers. C in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 15. Thrixspermum simile. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescences with flowers. C. Rachis with flowers (front view). D. Flower (oblique view, close-up). E. Flower (lateral view, close-up). Photographed by André Schuiteman (A–B. In situ, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia; D. In situ, Koh Kong Province, Cambodia) & Wattana Tanming (C & E. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 3. Thrixspermum alboluteum. A. Plant habit. B in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 3. Thrixspermum alboluteum. A. Plant habit. B. Leaf (adaxial view). C. Leaf apex. D. Flower, rachis and floral bracts (ventral view). E. Flower (ventral view). Photographed by Nopparut Toolmal (A–C & E. In situ) & Wattana Tanming (D & E. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 22. Thrixspermum polystictum. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 22. Thrixspermum polystictum. A. Flower (front view, close-up). B. Flowers (lateral view). C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip (left: adaxial view in natural position; middle: adaxial view when spread out; right: abaxial view when spread out). E. Lip, adaxial view (showing the callus and a large orange warts on the back wall of spur). F. Lip, lateral view (left: natural position; right: longitudinal dissection). G. Column & column-foot with pedicel (ventral, lateral & dorsal views). H. Operculum (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view). I. Pollinia (two pairs). J. Stipe & viscidium. Photographed by Wattana Tanming (A–H) & Nopparut Toolmal (I & J). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr. A–H from living collection (QSBG) and I–J from spirit collection of N. Toolmal et al. 10092102 TTM 0006428.
FIGURE 12. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 12. A comparison of allied species. A–B. Thrixspermum praetermissum. C–D. Thrixspermum trichoglottis. E-F. Thrixspermum pulchellum. Photographed by Kurt Keller (A–B. Cultivation), Wattana Tanming (C–F. Cultivation, QSBG). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
FIGURE 14. Thrixspermum simile. A in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 14. Thrixspermum simile. A. Flower (front view, close-up). B. Dissected perianth. C. Lip with column, column-foot & pedicel (lateral view). D. Lip, adaxial view (left: natural position; right: spread out with large orange warts on the back wall of spur). E. Lip (left: longitudinal dissection; right: lateral view). F. Column & column-foot with pedicel (ventral, lateral & dorsal views). G. Operculum (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view). H. Pollinia (left: two pairs; right: individual). I. Stipe & viscidium. Photographed by Nopparut Toolmal (A & G–I) & Wattana Tanming (B–F). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr. A–F from living collection and G–I from spirit collection (QSBG) of N.Toolmal et al. 24082101 TTM 0006416.
FIGURE 13. Thrixspermum simile. A. Habit. B in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 13. Thrixspermum simile. A. Habit. B. Rachis with flowers (front view). C. Rachis with flowers (lateral view). D. Lip (natural position, adaxial view). E. Dissected perianth. F. Lip with column, column-foot & pedicel (lateral view). G. Lip (adaxial view, spread out). H. Lip (longitudinal section). I. Column with pedicel (ventral view). J. Operculum (dorsal view). K. Pollinia (two pairs). L. Stipe & viscidium. (Drawn from holotype, N. Toolmal et al. 24082101, TTM 0006416). Illustration by Phattaravee Prommanut.
FIGURE 21. Thrixspermum polystictum. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence with flowers. C in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 21. Thrixspermum polystictum. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence with flowers. C. Lip (front view). D. Dissected perianth. E. Lip (adaxial view, natural position). F. Lip (adaxial view, spread out). G. Lip (lateral view). H. Lip (longitudinal section). I. Column & columnfoot with pedicel (lateral view). J. Column with pedicel (ventral view). K. Operculum (dorsal view). L. Operculum (ventral view). M. Pollinia (two pairs). N. Stipe & viscidium. (Drawn from holotype, N. Toolmal et al. 10092102, TTM 0006428). Illustration by Phattaravee Prommanut.
FIGURE 20. Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. A. Plant habit. B in Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand
FIGURE 20. Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. A. Plant habit. B. Flower (oblique view, close-up). C. Inflorescences with flowers. D. Flowers (oblique & lateral views). Photographed by Pilchar Ngai (A & C. Cultivation, Hong Kong), Yosuke Oda (B. Cultivation, Laos) & Edward Mar (D. Cultivation, Hong Kong). Illustration assembled by Yongyuth Rattanasootr.
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