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20 results for “Thwaites Glacier”
Model output from Inverting ice surface elevation and velocity for bed topography and slipperiness beneath Thwaites Glacier
<p>This model output dataset accompanies the draft paper 'Inverting ice surface elevation and velocity for bed topography and slipperiness beneath Thwaites Glacier'.</p>
What can radar-based measures of subglacial hydrology tell us about basal shear stress? A case study at Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica (Interpolated Data)
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper 'What can radar-based measures of subglacial hydrology tell us about basal shear stress? A case study at Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica' in Journal of Glaciology, and can be used alongside the code found on Github (https://github.com/rohaizharis/inversion_radar2022) to reproduce the figures. The dataset consists of ice-penetrating radar data (specularity and relative reflectivity) and basal shear stress inversions that have been linearly interpolated onto radar flight tracks.</p>
500-yr Projections of Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, with MALI, including glacial isostatic adjustment
<p>This archive contains model code, results, and analysis scripts for<br> reproducing the material presented in the manuscript "Stabilizing effect of<br> bedrock uplift on retreat of Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, at centennial<br> timescales" by Cameron Book, et al. Questions should be directed to Matt<br> Hoffman (mhoffman@lanl.gov).</p> <p>This archive contains the following directories:</p> <p>|-- MALI_code<br> |-- PIGL_control<br> |-- analysis<br> |-- control<br> |-- run_setup<br> |-- N1<br> |-- N2<br> |-- N3<br> |-- N4<br> `-- PIGL_N3</p> <p><br> 'MALI_code' is a snapshot of the MALI repository used for these simulations,<br> commit 454e0fc8bf384bee1c1560d6c3eaa5fae43bfdda.<br> This commit is present in an older MALI repository that is no longer<br> maintained, at https://github.com/MPAS-Dev/MPAS-Model<br> MALI is currently maintained on Github at https://github.com/MALI-Dev/E3SM<br> Building MALI requires the Albany multiphysics library, which is available<br> at https://github.com/sandialabs/Albany. The simulations presented use Albany<br> master from March 5, 2021.</p> <p>'analysis' contains the scripts used to process the model output and produce<br> the figures and results presented in the manuscript. Filepaths will have to<br> be adjusted to your local layout.</p> <p>'run_setup' is a directory of files and scripts necessary to reproduce the<br> model simulations presented. The GIA model giapy is in the file<br> 'giascript.py'. giapy can also be found on Github at https://github.com/skachuck/giapy</p> <p>'control' is the control run with the GIA model disabled. It corresponds to<br> the run labeled CTRL in the manuscript.</p> <p>'PIGL_control' is the control run using the high melt forcing. It corresponds<br> to the run labeled HM-CTRL in the manuscript.</p> <p>The five run directories included here (N1-N4, PIGL_N3) are the standard<br> ensemble described in the manuscript. (There is a separate archive for the<br> runs briefly mentioned that exclude the elastic response of the lithosphere.)<br> The individual runs have the following correspondence to the manuscript:<br> N1=TYP<br> N2=BEST2<br> N3=VLV-THIN<br> N4=VLV<br> PIGL_N3=HM-VLV-THIN<br> Within each run directory, are the following model output files:<br> globalStats.nc: MALI global, scalar time-series<br> iceload_all.nc: Thwaites Glacier ice load on the GIA grid<br> output_*.nc: MALI spatial output fields, separated by century<br> uplift_GIA_all.nc: GIA output on GIA grid</p>
Fracture maps and calving fronts for Thwaites Glacier western terminus 2015-2021
<p>These data comprise observations of severe crevassing and calving front position over the Thwaites Glacier Ice Tongue (TGIT) between 2015 and 2021 in geotiff form, along with bitmap versions of Sentinel-1 backscatter images from which the observations were derived. A version of UNet was used to create the data from the backscatter images.<br> These data were collected in 2021 for the study of structural change on the TGIT.</p> <p>File information: tgit_cfs.tar.gz is a gz-compressed directory of binary calving front segmentations of the Thwaites Glacier Ice Tongue in geotiff format.<br> tgit_fms.tar.gz is a gz-compressed directory of binary fracture segmentations of the Thwaites Glacier Ice Tongue in geotiff format.</p>
Modeling ocean heat transport to the grounding lines of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica
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Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
<p>Warm water from the Southern Ocean has a dominant impact on the evolution of Antarctic glaciers and in turn on their contribution to sea level rise. Using a continuous time series of daily-repeat satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry data from the ICEYE constellation collected in March-June 2023, we document an ice grounding zone, or region of tidally-controlled migration of the transition boundary between grounded ice and ice afloat in the ocean, at the main trunk of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, a strong contributor to sea level rise with an ice volume equivalent to a 0.6-m global sea level rise. The ice grounding zone is 6 km wide in the central part of Thwaites with shallow bed slopes, and 2 km wide along its flanks with steep basal slopes. We additionally detect irregular seawater intrusions, 5-10 cm in thickness, extending another 6 km upstream, at high tide, in a bed depression located beyond a bedrock ridge that impedes the glacier retreat. Seawater intrusions align well with regions predicted by the GlaDS subglacial water model to host a high-pressure distributed subglacial hydrology system in between lower-pressure subglacial channels. Pressurized seawater intrusions will induce vigorous melt of grounded ice over kilometers, making the glacier more vulnerable to ocean warming, and increasing the projections of ice mass loss. Kilometer-wide, widespread seawater intrusion beneath grounded ice may be the missing link between the rapid, past, and present changes in ice sheet mass and the slower changes replicated by ice sheet models. The dataset includes grounding line positions, all ICEYE radar interferograms and parameter files, files of tidal predictions and corrections for change in atmospheric pressure, and output products from the GlADS subglacial hydrology model.</p>
Responses of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers to melt and sliding parameterizations
<p>Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers are the two largest contributors to sea level rise from Antarctica. Here we examine the influence of basal friction and melt in determining projected losses. We examine both Weertman and Coulomb friction laws with explicit weakening as the ice thins to flotation, which many friction laws include implicitly via the effective pressure. We find relatively small differences with the choice of friction law (Weertman or Coulomb) but find losses are highly sensitive to the rate at which the basal traction is reduced as the area above the grounding line thins. Consistent with earlier work on Pine Island Glacier, we find sea level contributions from both glaciers vary linearly with the melt volume averaged over time and space, with little influence from the spatial or temporal distribution of melt. Based on recent estimates of melt from other studies, our work simulations suggest that melt-driven combined sea-level rise contribution from both glaciers is unlikely to exceed 10 cm by 2200. We do not include other factors, such as ice shelf breakup that might increase loss, nor factors such as increased accumulation and isostatic uplift that may mitigate loss.</p>
Large-Scale Atmospheric Drivers of Snowfall over Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
<p>Monthly RACMO2 snowfall rates (1979-2015, in mm w.e. per month), as described in Lenaerts et al., 2018 (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/climate-and-surface-mass-balance-of-coastal-west-antarctica-resolved-by-regional-climate-modelling/E3DD6D0DA914C6031F96A548AF53603A), and used in this paper. </p>
Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
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Responses of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers to melt and sliding parameterizations
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Impacts of bed topography resolution on sea-level rise projections from coupled subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics for Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
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Data and code for Recent observations of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica are consistent with high rates of loss in next 50 years
<p><span>This repository contains the code and input files needed for running the MITgcm and ISSM experiments in this manuscript, and the relevant outputs from the experiments.</span></p> <p><span>1. STREAMICE</span></p> <p><span>the STREAMICE folder contains the following subfolders:</span></p> <p><span>code: contains all MITgcm source files for calibration experiments that are not included in the MITgcm repository</span></p> <p><span>code_proj: similar to code/ but for projection experiments</span></p> <p><span>model_input: contains subdirectories containing binary inputs and parameter files for all experiments in the manuscript</span></p> <p><span>model_output: output from each projection experiment is contained in a .mat file with the following arrays:</span></p> <ul> <li><span> X, Y: x-and y-coordinates in WGS 84 / Antarctic Polar Stereographic (EPSG:3031)</span></li> <li><span> BED: bed elevation (m)</span></li> <li><span> BETA: \beta described in the manuscript (units: Pa^(1/2) (m/a)^{-1/6})</span></li> <li><span> BGLEN: \overline{B} described in the manuscript (units: Pa^(1/2) a^{-1/6})</span></li> <li><span> SURF: ice surface elevation (m)</span></li> <li><span> THICK: ice thickness (m)</span></li> <li><span> THICK0: initial ice thickness (m)</span></li> <li><span> VX: x-velocity (m/a)</span></li> <li><span> VY: y-velocity (m/a)</span></li> <li><span> times:<span> </span>time in years after 2004</span></li> </ul> <p><span>checkpoint 68y of the MITgcm source code (mitgcm.org) was used for this study.</span></p> <p><span>m1qn3 (https://who.rocq.inria.fr/Jean-Charles.Gilbert/modulopt/optimization-routines/m1qn3/m1qn3.html) was used for optimisation.</span></p> <p><span>details of how to compile and run the forward and adjoint STREAMICE code can be found at https://mitgcm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</span></p> <p><span>-------------------------------------------</span></p> <p><span>2. ISSM</span></p> <p><span>runme.m contains all ISSM instructions to run the experiments.</span></p> <p><span>output/ contains mat files for all experiments, with array descriptions as above.</span></p> <p><span>ISSM source and documentation can be found at https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/.</span></p>
SAR image Thwaites glacier
<p>SAR image Thwaites glacier</p>
500-yr Projections of Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, with MALI, including glacial isostatic adjustment: no elastic displacement
<p>This archive contains a subset of results reproducing the material presented in the manuscript "Stabilizing effect of bedrock uplift on retreat of Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, at centennial timescales" by Cameron Book, et al. This archive only includes results for the simulations with elastic displacement in the GIA model disabled. These results are briefly discussed in the first paragraph of section 'Factors controlling feedbacks between glacier retreat and bedrock uplift'. The main results from the manuscript are in a separate archive. Questions should be directed to Matt Hoffman (mhoffman@lanl.gov).</p> <p>This archive contains the following directories:</p> <p>|-- N1_no_elastic<br> |-- N2_no_elastic<br> |-- N3_no_elastic<br> `-- N4_no_elastic</p> <p>The individual runs have the following corresponence to the manuscript, but<br> with the elastic displacement disabled:<br> N1=TYP<br> N2=BEST2<br> N3=VLV-THIN<br> N4=VLV</p> <p>Within each run directory, are the following model output files:<br> globalStats.nc: MALI global, scalar time-series<br> output_*.nc: MALI spatial output fields, separated by century</p>
Model output for: Rate of mass loss across the instability threshold for Thwaites Glacier determines rate of mass loss for entire basin
<p><strong>Results from “Rate of mass loss across the instability threshold for Thwaites Glacier determines rate of mass loss for entire basin.”</strong></p> <p>The tar files herein contain multi-resolution grounding line position data and 4 km resolution output of modeled fields for all model runs. The region of interest represented is the Thwaites catchment in West Antarctica. The files for modeled fields have been coarsened or “flattened” to 4 km from their original adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) structure.</p> <p>Metadata contents</p> <p><em>1. Grounding line position data – text files</em></p> <p><em>2. Modeled Fields – HDF5 files</em></p> <p><em>3. BISICLES grid and coordinate system</em></p> <p> </p> <p><em>1. Grounding line position data</em></p> <p>Tar Files with "GLposition" in the title contain the annual grounding line positions, at cell faces, over the discretized Thwaites catchment for the specified model run. Each tar file contains a series of text files for a particular model run that used a specific background melt rate. The background marine melt rate is specified in the third field of the tar file name as delimited by the underscore character (“_”). Additionally, the last year of anomalous forcing before it was turned off leaving only the background marine melting is listed in the third field.</p> <p>nonuniformMM indicates the non-uniform background marine melting.</p> <p>uniformMM indicates the uniform background marine melting.</p> <p>260 and 270 are the last model years where anomalous marine melting were applied.</p> <p>After untarring a file, the naming convention for the individual text files is seen to be similar to the name of the respective tar file. The first field as delimeted by the underscore character contains either “glnonMM” or “gluniMM” followed by the last year of anomalous forcing used; e.g “gluniMM260”. The second field indicates the model year. Note that the last year forced is included for all runs.</p> <p>The text files contain three columns of data: an indicator of model resolution followed by <em>x- </em>and<em> y-</em>coordinates, respectively. Location coordinate units are meters and are BISICLES physical coordinates (see 3. BISICLES grid and coordinate system).</p> <p>For the first column:</p> <p>1 is 2 km resolution</p> <p>2 is 1 km resolution</p> <p>3 is 500 m resolution</p> <p>4 is 250 m resolution</p> <p>Zero (0) would be the base resolution of 4 km, however, all grounded ice was tagged to refine to level 1 so it does not appear in these files. Additionally, if a region was refined at a high resolution, then the grounding line positions for this region are not reported at any lower resolutions below this.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>2. Modeled fields</em></p> <p>Modeled fields are 4 km resolution in Chombo HDF5 file format. Each tar file contains the annual data as individual HDF5 files for the specified model run. The second field of the tar file as delimited by the underscore character specifies the background melt rate used and the last year of anomalous marine forcing (ramp).</p> <p>NonUniformMM260 indicates the non-uniform background marine melt rate with ramp shutoff after year 260.</p> <p>NonUniformMM270 same as above but ramp shutoff at year 270</p> <p>UniformMM260 indicates the spatially uniform background marine melt rate with ramp shutoff after year 270</p> <p>UniformMM270 same as above but ramp shutoff at year 270</p> <p>HDF5 files: The third field as delimited by the period (“.”) character shows the background melt rate used in individual HDF5 files and the fifth field indicates the model year.</p> <p>Contents of HDF5 files (field name: variable)</p> <p>xVel: velocity in the direction of the x-axis (m/a)</p> <p>yVel: velocity in the direction of the y-axis (m/a)</p> <p>Z_surface: upper ice surface elevation (masl)</p> <p>Z_bottom: underside surface ice elevation (masl)</p> <p>Z_base: bed elevation (masl)</p> <p>basal_friction: Basal friction coefficients</p> <p>div_uh: mass divergence</p> <p>mask: differentiates physical setting of cells (Note that coarsening introduces averages of numbers below at interfaces)</p> <p> grounded ice = 1</p> <p> floating ice = 2</p> <p> ocean = 4</p> <p> rock = 8</p> <p>basalThicknessSource: melt rate (m/a)</p> <p>surfaceThicknessSource: accumulation rate (m/a)</p> <p>surfaceThicknessBalance: sum of melt rate and accumulation rate (m/a)</p> <p> </p> <p><em>3. BISICLES grid and coordinate system</em></p> <p>The BISICLES model uses cell-centered grids with each cell represented by (i, j) pairs that begin numbering at (0,0) typically in the lower left hand corner of a domain. This project maintained the number ordering for the continental dataset such that (i = 366, j = 561) is the lower left cell for the included 4 km resolution HDF5 files and (i = 504, j=732) is the upper right cell. As the resolution is 4 km, this is noted as dx = 4000 in the HDF5 files.</p> <p>Since the data is located at cell centers, the physical coordinates relative to the BISICLES grid for a variable at (i, j) in meters is:</p> <p>(dx*(i + 0.5), dx*(j + 0.5)) = (BISICLES_X, BISICLES_Y)</p> <p>where dx is the cell resolution</p> <p>The translation from BISICLES physical coordinates (m) to polar stereographic projection in meters (standard parallel at -71 degrees) is as follows:</p> <p>(BISICLES_X – 3071500, BISICLES_Y – 3072500)</p> <p><br> </p> <p><br> </p> <p><br> </p> <p><br> </p> <p> </p>
Thwaites Glacier thins and retreats fastest where ice-shelf channels intersect its grounding zone, dataset+code
<p>Thwaites Glacier thins and retreats fastest where ice-shelf channels intersect its grounding zone, updated dataset+code submitted for publication in The Cryosphere. Dataset includes all data produced in this study, including velocity maps derived from speckle tracking of Sentinel 1 images, maps of rates of ice shelf change and the annual mosaic digital surface models from which they were derived, maps of the basal conditions at Thwaites glacier, shapefiles and masks of the annual hydrostatic boundary (grounding line proxy position), and shapefiles of all hydrostatic boundary features, ice shelf basal channels and surface depressions, intermediate polygons used to filter the features, and digital surface model strips with registration data included as attributes. </p>
Data from: Effect of subshelf melt variability on sea level rise contribution from Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
<p>This archive includes output from the ice sheet model MALI used in the paper:<br> Effect of subshelf melt variability on sea level rise contribution from<br> Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica by Matthew Hoffman, et al.<br> submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface in May 2019.</p> <p>The contents of this archive are:</p> <p>* control_run: annual output file for the control run</p> <p>* main_ensembles: global statistics files for the 72 runs making up the main<br> ensembles described in the paper and shown in Figures 4-6.</p> <p>* scaled_melt_ensemble: global statistics files for the scaled-melt ensemble<br> shown in Figures 9 and 10.</p> <p>* linear_perturbation_runs: global statistics files for each of the linear<br> perturbation runs used in Figure 11.</p> <p>The model code used to to generate the output and the scripts used to process<br> the data are available here:<br> https://github.com/matthewhoffman/MPAS-Model<br> or<br> https://github.com/MPAS-Dev/MPAS-Model<br> in the commit 93359c339b6d06726f8e3fbbfadc19337c20c0c7</p> <p>The processing scripts are in the directory:<br> testing_and_setup/compass/landice/Thwaites_variability</p>
Thwaites and Pine Island Glacier change 2016-2021
<p>Visualization of <a href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1">Sentinel</a> 1 radar images using <a href="https://matplotlib.org/cmocean/">cmocean</a> ice colourmap, similar to the approach used by <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/117/40/24735/tab-figures-data">Lhermitte</a>. Data from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Grace/index.html">GRACE</a> was processed by <a href="https://data1.geo.tu-dresden.de/ais_gmb/index.html#grid">TU Dresden</a>. Funded by Rijkswaterstaat KPP. </p>
Model setup for simulations of melting beneath Thwaites Glacier
<p>Model parameter and forcing files needed to simulate the ocean beneath Thwaites Glacier during the period 2011-2022 as described in the paper "Strong ocean melting feedback during the recent retreat of Thwaites Glacier" in Geophysical Research Letters by the same authors. This is version 2 of the model setup. Version 1 had the seabed bathymetry and ice shelf topography files incorrectly oriented.</p>
Model Setup of Thwaites Glacier
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