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FIG. 8 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 8. Roost of Thyroptera wynneae in secondary growth at the Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera, Loreto, Peru. Two bats occupied the dark interior of this dead Cecropia leaf (arrows), which was hanging in understory vegetation by its petiole about 2 m above the ground. One specimen was captured in a butterfly net placed underneath the leaf, but the other bat escaped. Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) is a speciose genus of trees commonly found in secondary vegetation throughout the Neotropics, where hanging dead leaves like this one are abundant in the subcanopy and understory.

FIG. 4 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 4. Dorsal views of the skulls of A, Thyroptera devivoi (ROM 35588♂); B, Thyroptera discifera (AMNH 16686♀); C, Thyroptera lavali (ROM 104026♀); D, Thyroptera tricolor (AMNH 273160♀); E, Thyroptera wynneae (CEBIOMAS 237♂, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 1. Right oblique view of the head (A), right wrist with adhesive disk (B), and left hind limb (C) of the holotype of Thyroptera wynneae (CEBIOMAS 237). Note that due to the angle from which image (B) was taken, the adhesive disk on the thumb looks circular, but it is in fact oblong vertically. Photos: Burton Lim.

FIG. 2 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the holotype of Thyroptera wynneae (CEBIOMAS 237). Photos: Burton Lim.

FIG. 6 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 6. Lateral views of the skulls and lower jaw of A, Thyroptera devivoi (ROM 35588♂); B, Thyroptera discifera (AMNH 16686♀); C, Thyroptera lavali (ROM 104026♀); D, Thyroptera tricolor (AMNH 273160♀); E, Thyroptera wynneae (CEBIOMAS 237♂, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 7. Results of principal components analysis, illustrating the dispersion of specimen scores for male Thyroptera devivoi (filled circles), Thyroptera discifera (open circles), Thyroptera lavali (open triangles), Thyroptera tricolor (asterisk), and Thyroptera wynneae (filled squares). See text for explanation and table 3 for factor loadings and other results.

FIG. 3 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 3. The Yavarí-Ucayali interfluvial region (boundaries highlighted in grey) showing the type locality of Thyroptera wynneae (arrow) and adjacent localities where other thyropterid species have been collected. The inset shows where the paratypes were collected in southeastern Brazil. Numbers are keyed to entries in the gazetteer (appendix 2).

FIG. 10 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 10. Roost of Thyroptera tricolor in the half-unrolled new leaf of a small Heliconia in primary forest at Paracou, French Guiana. The adhesive disks of the roosting bats are visible as dark spots through the translucent tissue of the leaf. The bats themselves (an adult male and three adult females) form a dark mass within their tubular shelter (arrow).

FIG. 9. Patricia J in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 9. Patricia J. Wynne at her microscope in the AMNH Department of Mammalogy. Patricia's first mammalogical illustration appeared almost 40 years ago (in Hooper, 1975), and she has lost track of how many she has drawn since then. In addition to her technical work for museum researchers, Patricia has illustrated museum exhibition labels, numerous educational publications, and dozens of popular science books. She is now busier than ever in semiretirement. Photo: Denis Finnin.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 2. A in Roosting habits of disk-winged bats, especially Thyroptera discifera

Figure 2. A "morado" banana (red banana in English, Musa acuminata) in a patch that also includes plantains near La Paloma Lodge at Drake Bay, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. Portions of shredded dead leaves hanging from the trunk roll back on themselves to create dark, cone-shaped,roosting sites for bats. The top arrow points to where the colony of perhaps nine disk-winged bats, Thyroptera discifera, was observed roosting for more than a month during February−March 2021. The lower arrow shows where a single individual was found roosting for a single day. Photograph taken on 7 March 2021 by Gómez.

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Flexible use of visual and acoustic cues during roost finding in Spix's disc-winged bat Thyroptera tricolor

The ability of an animal to detect environmental cues is crucial for its survival and fitness. In bats, sound certainly plays a significant role in the search for food, spatial navigation, and social communication. Yet, the efficiency of a bat's echolocation could be limited by atmospheric attenuation and background clutter. In this context, sound can be complemented by other sensory modalities, like smell or vision. Spix's disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) uses acoustic cues from other group members to locate the roost (tubular unfurled leaves of plants in the order Zingiberales). Our research focused on how individuals find a roost that has not been yet occupied, considering the urge to find a suitable leaf approximately every day, during nighttime or in daylight. We observed the process of roost finding in T. tricolor in a flight cage, manipulating the audio/visual sensory input available for each trial. A broadband noise was broadcast in order to mask echolocation, while experiments conducted at night significantly reduced the amount of light. We measured the time needed to locate the roost under these different conditions. Results show that with limited visual and acoustic cues, search time increases significantly. In contrast, bats seemed capable of using acoustic and visual cues in a similarly efficient manner, since roost search showed no strong differences in duration when bats could use only sound, only vision, or both senses at the same time. Our results show that non-acoustic inputs can still be an important source of information for finding critical resources in bats.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

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Flexible use of visual and acoustic cues during roost finding in Spix’s disc-winged bat Thyroptera tricolor

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publicMay 2023View details →

FIGURES 16–19. 16–18 in A further new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with faeces of the disk-winged bat (Thyroptera Spix: Chiroptera) in Brazil and the redescription of the female terminalia of S. cuneata (Townsend)

FIGURES 16–19. 16–18. Puparium of Tricharaea spp. 16–17. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (Fabricius). 16. Detail of cuticle, dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 µm. 17. Anal division, posterior view. Scale bar = 30 µm. 18. Tricharaea (Sarothromyia) femoralis (Schiner). Anal division, posterior view. Scale bar = 300 µm. 19. Sarcofahrtiopsis cupendipe sp. nov. Female, habitus lateral. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 8–15 in A further new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with faeces of the disk-winged bat (Thyroptera Spix: Chiroptera) in Brazil and the redescription of the female terminalia of S. cuneata (Townsend)

FIGURES 8–15. Puparium of Sarcofahrtiopsis cupendipe sp. nov. 8. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 9. Cavity of the anal division, posterior view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 10. Detached upper front piece, dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 µm. 11. Anterior spiracle. Scale bar = 20 µm. 12. Detached lower front piece, ventral view. Scale bar = 100 µm. 13. Posterior spiracle. Scale bar = 40 µm. 14. Lateral piles of thoracic segments, dorsolateral view. Scale bar = 100 µm. 15. Dorsomedian crest of anal division, dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 µm. (Abbreviations: ct = crest; pp = postanal process; sh = spiracular hair; ss = spiracular slit; tp = triangular process).

FIGURES 1–5 in A further new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with faeces of the disk-winged bat (Thyroptera Spix: Chiroptera) in Brazil and the redescription of the female terminalia of S. cuneata (Townsend)

FIGURES 1–5. Sarcofahrtiopsis cupendipe sp. nov., male holotype. 1. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, left lateral view. 2. Cerci, posterior view. 3. Right pregonite, postgonite and postgonal apodeme, lateral view. 4. Sternite 5. 5. Phallus, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except in Fig. 4 where it represents 0.3 mm. (Abbreviations: ap = postgonal apodeme; bp = basiphallus; dp = distiphallus; prg = pregonite; ptg = postgonite; ls = lateral stylus; ms = median stylus; sb = stylar base; ve = vesica).

FIGURES 6–7. Female terminalia, posterior view. 6 in A further new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with faeces of the disk-winged bat (Thyroptera Spix: Chiroptera) in Brazil and the redescription of the female terminalia of S. cuneata (Townsend)

FIGURES 6–7. Female terminalia, posterior view. 6. Sarcofahrtiopsis cupendipe sp. nov., paratype. 7. Sarcofahrtiopsis cuneata (Townsend). Scale bars = 0.3 mm. (Abbreviations: ce = cercus; hy = hypoproct; sp = spiracle; spm = spermatheca; St = sternite; T = tergite; vp = vaginal plate).

opennotspecifiedJun 2002View details →

FIGS 1-6 in A new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) living in roosts of Spix's disk-winged bat Thyroptera tricolor Spix (Chiroptera) in Costa Rica

FIGS 1-6. Sarcofahrtiopsis thyropteronthos, male terminalia and puparium. (1) Phallus, left view. (2) Left cercus and surstylus, lateral view. (3) Right gonopod and paramere, left lateral view. (4) Puparium, detached upper front piece, dorsal view, showing anterior larval spiracles. (5) Puparium, left view. (6) Puparium, posterior view. Scale bar: (1-3) 0.09 mm, (4-6) 0.9 mm.

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A in Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny

FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A. Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=64, CI=62, RI=61). B. Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).

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Data from: When genes move farther than offspring: gene flow by male gamete dispersal in the highly philopatric bat species Thyroptera tricolor

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publicNov 2013View details →

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FIG. 5 in Extraordinary Local Diversity of Disk-winged Bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Roosting Behavior

FIG. 5. Ventral views of the skulls of A, Thyroptera devivoi (ROM 35588♂); B, Thyroptera discifera (AMNH 16686♀); C, Thyroptera lavali (ROM 104026♀); D, Thyroptera tricolor (AMNH 273160♀); E, Thyroptera wynneae (CEBIOMAS 237♂, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm.