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113 results for “Tooth Morphology”
FIG. A3A, B in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A3A, B. — Six most parsimonious trees (A-F) obtained from the parsimony phylogenetic analysis under equal weights,with the Dasyuromorphia node constrained.
FIG. 18 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 18. — Reconstruction of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 stalking some rodents ("Neoreomys" huilensis Fields, 1957) in the La Venta area during Middle Miocene. Artist: Juan Giraldo.
FIG. 7 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 7. — Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997; VPPLT 1612, right side of the skull: A, lateral view; B, dorsolateral view; C, lineal draw in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: Al, alisphenoid; dmm, depression for the masseter muscle; Eo, exoccipital; fdv, foramen for diploic vein; Fr, frontal; Ip, interparietal; Ju, jugal; La, lacrimal; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; oc, occipital condyle; Pa, parietal; Pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, postorbital process; prgp, preglenoid process of jugal; Px, premaxilla; smf, suprameatal foramen; Sq, squamosal; scr, sagittal crest. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. 6 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 6. — Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997; VPPLT 1612, left side of the skull: A, lateral view; B, dorsolateral view; C, lineal draw in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: Al, alisphenoid; Eo, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; fro, foramen rotundum; iof, infraorbital foramen; Ip, interparietal; Ju, jugal; La, lacrimal; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; oc, occipital condyle; Os, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parietal; Pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, postorbital process; prgp, preglenoid process of jugal; sof, sphenorbital fissure; smf, suprameatal foramen; Sq, squamosal; scr, sagittal crest; tl, temporal line. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. A4 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A4. — Result of parsimony phylogenetic analysis under implied weights, with concavity constant k = 3, showing the single recovered most parsimonious tree. Numbers represent bootstrap values. Support values not given for Dasyuromorphia, as this node was constrained a priori (see text).
FIG. A5 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A5. — Result of parsimony phylogenetic analysis under implied weights, with concavity constant k = 12, showing the single recovered most parsimonious tree. Numbers represent bootstrap values. Support values not given for Dasyuromorphia, as this node was constrained a priori (see text).
FIG. A2 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A2. — Strict consensus of six most parsimonious trees obtained from the parsimony phylogenetic analysis under equal weights, including Thylacinus cynocephalus (Harris, 1808) and constraining the Dasyuromorphian clade. Numbers indicate the number of nodes.For additional information,see Synapomorphies below.
FIG. 12 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 12. — Skulls of three species of Thylacosmilidae: A, Thylacosmilus atrox Riggs, 1933; B, Patagosmilus goini Forasiepi & Carlini, 2010; C, Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. A1 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A1. — Consensus tree resulted from the alternative phylogenetic analysis under equal weights, excluding Thylacinus cynocephalus (Harris, 1808), made to test differences in topology.
FIG. 9 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 9. — Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997; VPPLT 1612, left dentary in lingual (A), labial (B) and occlusal (C) views; and right dentary in labial view (D). Abbreviations: acoc, anterior coronoid crest; an, angular process; con, mandibular condyle; cor, coronoid process; maf, masseteric fossa; manf, mandibular foramen; mc, masseteric crest (= inferior coronoid crest); mf, mental foramen; syf, symphyseal flange. Scale bars: 20 mm.
FIG. A3E, F in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A3E, F. — Six most parsimonious trees (A-F) obtained from the parsimony phylogenetic analysis under equal weights, with the Dasyuromorphia node constrained.
FIG. 2 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 2. — Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997; IGM 184247 (holotype). Right mandibular ramus in lateral (A) and occlusal (B) views; C, left symphyseal flange fragment in medial and lateral views; D, left cranial fragment (postorbital portion; arrow indicates anterior direction); E, left mandibular ramus fragment with m2-3 in labial and lingual views; G, left m2-3 in occlusal view. Abbreviations: Fr, frontal; La, lacrimal; Na, nasal. Scale bars: 5 mm (vertical); 20 mm (horizontal).
FIG. A3C, D in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. A3C, D. — Six most parsimonious trees (A-F) obtained from the parsimony phylogenetic analysis under equal weights, with the Dasyuromorphia node constrained.
TABLE 1 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
<p>TABLE 1. — Dental measurements of the specimens of <i>Anachlysictis gracilis</i> Goin, 1997. Abbreviations: <b>C/c</b>, upper/lower canines; <b>P/p</b>, premolars; <b>L</b>, length; <b>M/m</b>, molars; <b>Tal.</b>, talonid; <b>Trg</b>, trigonid; <b>W</b>, width. Measurements expressed in millimeters.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Specimen</b></th><th></th><th><b>C</b></th><th><b>P2</b></th><th><b>P3</b></th><th></th><th><b>M1</b></th><th><b>M2</b></th><th><b>M3</b></th><th><b>M4</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>VPPLT 1612 (right)</th><td>L</td><td>20.63</td><td>3.47</td><td>6.46</td><td></td><td>12.3</td><td>13.22</td><td>12.99</td><td>3.99</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td>6.74</td><td>1.88</td><td>4.42</td><td></td><td>6.97</td><td>8.83</td><td>10.2</td><td>10.8</td></tr><tr><th>VPPLT 1612 (left)</th><td>L</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>6.41</td><td></td><td>12.5</td><td><i>c.</i> 12.60</td><td><i>c.</i> 13.18</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td>?</td><td><i>c.</i> 2.60</td><td>2.56</td><td></td><td>6.45</td><td>8.67</td><td>10.3</td><td><i>c.</i> 10.70</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>c</b></td><td><b>p2</b></td><td><b>p3</b></td><td></td><td><b>m1</b></td><td><b>m2</b></td><td><b>m3</b></td><td><b>m4</b></td></tr><tr><th>IGM 184247 (right)</th><td>L</td><td>?</td><td><i>c.</i> 6.00</td><td><i>c.</i> 7.20</td><td></td><td><i>c.</i> 9.50</td><td>11.45</td><td>13.6</td><td>13.4</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td>?</td><td><i>c.</i> 3.00</td><td><i>c.</i> 3.30</td><td>Trg</td><td><i>c.</i> 4.45</td><td>5.25</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Tal.</td><td><i>c.</i> 4.00</td><td>4.75</td><td>5.05</td><td>1.75</td></tr><tr><th>IGM 184247 (left)</th><td>L</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td></td><td>?</td><td>11.3</td><td>13.6</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>Trg</td><td>?</td><td>5</td><td>5.8</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Tal.</td><td>?</td><td>4.45</td><td>5.1</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>VPPLT 1612 (right)</th><td>L</td><td>?</td><td><i>c.</i> 4.25</td><td><i>c.</i> 6.70</td><td></td><td>9.38</td><td>11.81</td><td>13.38</td><td>13.6</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td></td><td><i>c.</i> 2.26</td><td><i>c.</i> 3.91</td><td>Trg</td><td>4.25</td><td>5.6</td><td>6.59</td><td>6.73</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Tal.</td><td>3.6</td><td>4.85</td><td>5.41</td><td>2.5</td></tr><tr><th>VPPLT 1612 (left)</th><td>L</td><td>8.94</td><td>3.39</td><td>6.7</td><td></td><td>9.24</td><td><i>c.</i> 12.05</td><td><i>c.</i> 13.35</td><td><i>c.</i> 14.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>W</td><td>5.32</td><td>1.76</td><td>2.5</td><td>Trg</td><td>3.88</td><td>5.29</td><td><i>c.</i> 6.46</td><td>6.23</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Tal.</td><td><i>c.</i> 3.20</td><td>4.55</td><td><i>c.</i> 5.62</td><td>2.5</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 2 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
<p>TABLE 2. — Body mass estimations. Abbreviations: <b>Log</b>, common logarithm (with base 10); <b>ln</b>, natural logarithm (with base e); <b>M2A</b>, second upper molar area; <b>M2L</b>, second upper molar length; <b>m2A</b>, second lower molar area; <b>m3L</b>, third lower molar length; <b>%PE</b>, percent prediction error; <b>R2</b>, ratio estimate; <b>SE</b>, smearing estimate correction factor; <b>X</b>, selected variable. Body mass expressed in kilograms. Equation source references: <b>1</b>, Myers 2001, ‘All species’ data-set; <b>2</b>, Myers 2001, Dasyuromorphian data set; <b>3</b>, Zimicz 2012.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th><b>Body</b></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><td><b>Equation</b></td><td><b>X</b></td><td><b>%PE</b></td><td><b>R2</b></td><td><b>SE</b></td><td><b>mass</b></td><td><b>Ref.</b></td></tr><tr><th>“ <i>A. gracilis</i> (IGM 184247)”</th><td>log(y) = 1.005 + 1.857 log(x)</td><td>m2A</td><td>7.00</td><td>0.951</td><td>1.119</td><td>22.77</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>log(y) = 0.567 + 3.400 log(x)</td><td>m3L</td><td>12.00</td><td>0.945</td><td>1.035</td><td>27.29</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ln(y) = 1.76 + 3.17 ln(x)</td><td>m3L</td><td>12.08</td><td>0.950</td><td>1.110</td><td>25.29</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>“ <i>A. gracilis</i> (VPPLT 1612)”</th><td>log(y) = 0.426 + 1.890 log(x)</td><td>M2A</td><td>7.00</td><td>0.989</td><td>1.029</td><td>22.15</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>log(y) = 1.005 + 1.857 log(x)</td><td>m2A</td><td>7.00</td><td>0.951</td><td>1.119</td><td>27.19</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ln(y) = 1.89 + 3.14 ln(x)</td><td>M2L</td><td>7.03</td><td>0.950</td><td>1.160</td><td>25.47</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>log(y) = 0.567 + 3.400 log(x)</td><td>m3L</td><td>12.00</td><td>0.945</td><td>1.035</td><td>25.82</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ln(y) = 1.76 + 3.17 ln(x)</td><td>m3L</td><td>12.08</td><td>0.950</td><td>1.110</td><td>24.02</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>“ <i>P. goini</i> (MLP 07-VII-1-1)”</th><td>log(y) = 0.426 + 1.890 log(x)</td><td>M2A</td><td>7.00</td><td>0.989</td><td>1.029</td><td>25.93</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ln(y) = 1.89 + 3.14 ln(x)</td><td>M2L</td><td>7.03</td><td>0.950</td><td>1.160</td><td>19.79</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>“ <i>T. atrox</i> (P14531)”</th><td>log(y) = 0.426 + 1.890 log(x)</td><td>M2A</td><td>7.00</td><td>0.989</td><td>1.029</td><td>42.50</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ln(y) = 1.89 + 3.14 ln(x)</td><td>M2L</td><td>7.03</td><td>0.950</td><td>1.160</td><td>41.12</td><td>3</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 3 in Intraspecific morphological tooth variability and geographical distribution: Application to the Savi's vole, Microtus (Terricola) savii (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Figure 3. Canonical discriminant analysis with the distribution of the centroids on the two first axes of 55 populations from the different regions of Italy.
Figure 4 in Intraspecific morphological tooth variability and geographical distribution: Application to the Savi's vole, Microtus (Terricola) savii (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Figure 4. Canonical discriminant analysis with the distribution of the centroids on the two first axes of 11 geographical groups.
Figure 11 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 11. Comparative views of the skull and mandible of (A) Neofelis nebulosa, and (B) Paramachairodus ogygia (artwork by M. Antón).
Figure 10 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 10. Photographs of the first to seventh cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) (anterior to left) in Fig. 9, in lateral view. A, Paramachairodus ogygia from Batallones-1. B, Panthera pardus.
Figure 1 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 1. Left mastoid morphology of some species of Felidae showing the different development of the mastoid process (m.p.) and paraoccipital process (p.p.). A, Panthera leo. B, Paramachairodus ogygia from Batallones-1, B-1377. C, Smilodon fatalis from Rancho La Brea. D, B-1377, skull of P. ogygia from Batallones-1 in left lateral view with mastoid area circled.
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