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15 results for “Trachymedusae”
FIGURE 3 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 3. Crossota millsae, sp. nov. a) Two of the juvenile paratype specimens representing different stages of early development, scale bar = 2.5 mm. b) Two of the juvenile paratype specimens representing later stages of development, same scale bar as in Fig 3 a. c) Abscission zone at base of tentacles. ABS = abscission point, RC = ring canal, YIP = yellow iridescent pigment. d) Scanning electron micrograph of spermatids from testes of the male specimen shown in Fig. 1 b. Three size classes of spermatids are noted, A ~ 10 µm, B ~ 5 µm and C ~ 2 µm. The smallest spermatids have developing flagella. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 2. In situ video frame of Crossota millsae sp. nov. taken off California from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s ROV Tiburon. This is a female specimen with developing juveniles.
FIGURE 1 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 1. Crossota millsae, sp. nov. a) Lateral view of female specimen. Scale bar = 9 mm. b) Lateral view of male paratype specimen. Note the exumbrellar furrows. Scale bar = 5 mm. c) Oral view of female shown in Fig 1 a with developing juveniles. Scale bar = 9 mm. d) Aboral view of female with developing juveniles. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Fig. 4. — A–B in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Fig. 4. — A–B. Ptychogastria asteroides (Haeckel, 1879). A. Lateral view of a medusa. B. Portion of umbrella margin showing the arrangement of tentacles. — C–E. Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878. C. Medusa in lateral view. D. Oral view of half of the medusa, showing the arrangement of the marginal tentacles. E. Portion of the bell margin, greatly enlarged. — F–G. Tesserogastria musculosa Beyer, 1959. Medusa in lateral (F) and oral (G) aspects. [A, B redrawn after Gili et al. (1999); C, E redrawn after Panteleeva et al. (1999); D redrawn after Haeckel (1881b); F, G redrawn after Hesthagen (1971)]. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C = 3 mm; E = 2 mm.
Fig. 5 in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Fig. 5. — Pectis antarctica Haeckel, 1879. A–B. Medusa in lateral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Longitudinal section through the manubrium. D. Lateral view of the manubrium showing the outer, gastric pouches. E. Lateral view of Voragonema laciniata Bouillon et al., 2001. F–G. Manubrium of V. laciniata in oral (F) and lateral (G) views. [A–D redrawn after Haeckel (1881b); E–G redrawn after Bouillon et al. (2001)]. Scale bars: A, B, E = 1 cm; F, G = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E–F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G–H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I–J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A–C. Living medusae. D–G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D–G = 2 mm.
Table 2 in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
<p><b>Table 2</b> (continued on next page). Morphological comparison between the nominal species <i>Pectis antarctica</i> Haeckel, 1879 and <i>Voragonema laciniata</i> Bouillon <i>et al</i>., 2001.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b><i>P. antarctica</i> Haeckel, 1879</b></th><th><b><i>V. laciniata</i> Bouillon <i>et al</i>., 2001</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>References</b></th><td>Haeckel (1881b)</td><td>Bouillon <i>et al</i>. (2001), Lindsay & Pagès (2010)</td></tr><tr><th><b>Distribution</b></th><td>60°52′ S, 80°20′ E (500–600 km off eastern Antarctica)</td><td>Weddell Sea, Antarctica</td></tr><tr><th><b>Umbrella</b></th><td>Dome-shaped to “almost hemispherical; about 1½ times as broad as high”, <i>ca</i>. 24 mm high and 36 mm wide “Exumbrella Fnely radially ribbed” “The gelatinous substance of the umbrella […] is nearly of equal thickness in the upper aboral half of the umbrella”; “much thinner in the lower oral half, hardly one-fourth or one- Ffth as thick as in the upper half” “The ectodermal epithelium of […] the subumbrella consists of cells of dark brown pigment” “The underlying annular system of the subumbrella forms numerous compact circular folds”</td><td>Dome-shaped to hemispherical, almost as high (30 mm) as wide (35 mm) Exumbrella transparent, with numerous Fne, meridional ridges Mesoglea 4 mm thick in the apex, thinning out towards umbrella margin Subumbrella dark red-brownish colored Musculature of subumbrella consisting of both circular and crossed oblique-radial muscles</td></tr><tr><th><b>Gastric</b> <b>peduncle</b></th><td>The mesoglea “is very much thickened in the centre of the apex, and projects into the fundus of the gastral cavity in the form of a short, conical, gelatinous appendage”</td><td>Large, circular from above and slightly octagonal from the subumbrellar cavity</td></tr><tr><th><b>Canal system</b></th><td>“The eight radial canals […] which run from the basis of the stomach to the umbrella margin, and there open into the circular canal, as well as the circular canal itself […], and the blind centripetal canals proceeding from it, are not cylindrical tubes, but Fattened band- like vessels which are sharply distinguished by then milk-white colour from the dark violet subumbrella”; “11-13 blind radial canals (3 larger and 8-10 smaller) between each two radial canals […] have the form of a pointed equilateral triangle”; “number and</td><td>8, white-cream colored, straight; peduncular part 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; proximal half of the subumbrellar part narrow, 0.5 mm wide, distal half broader, 1.3 mm wide. Ring canal wide, giving rise to 11–13 conically-shaped, irregular in length and width, centripetal canals in each octant</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>arrangement […] not perfectly regular”</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Manubrium</b></th><td>“The central oesophagus hangs down from the fundus of the umbrella cavity till past the middle of it in the shape of a quadrangular tube […]” “Oral cavity with with 8 pairs of hemispherical side pouches”. “These form hemispherical, or, more properly, semioval evaginations of the gastral wall, and hang together in pairs in such a way that eight pairs appear as oral bifurcated terminal shoots of the eight gastral grooves”</td><td>Short, broad, square, slightly longer than the peduncle, with thick muscular walls. Gastric peduncle and manubrium taken together about half the height of the sumbumbrella cavity. Manubrial cavity divided into eight longitudinally folded gastric pouches that open into the radial canals. The presence of septal pouches presumably increases the absorption surface of the endoderm.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>“Oral margin Feshy and thickened, quadrate, with four radial oral tentacles” (<i>sic!</i>). “These folds are divided into four interradial groups by four perradial longitudinal muscles, ending in the four short heart-shaped oral lobes”</td><td>Mouth with four prominent, elongated perradial lips, and swollen interradial edges</td></tr><tr><th><b>Gonads</b></th><td>“The eight genitalia […] are wide, folded, thick-walled pouches, which occupy the proximal half of the radial canals”</td><td>8, extending along the proximal half of the radial canals; Fattened, with distal part free and slightly pendant</td></tr><tr><th><b>Nematocyst</b> <b>ring</b></th><td>“Umbrella margin, thickened into a roll”</td><td>Bell margin thickened by a conspicuous ring of cnidocysts</td></tr><tr><th><b>Velum</b></th><td>“The velum […] is distinguished by a very unusual development of the muscular system”, and is characterized by the presence of “numerous highly-developed circular folds”. “The breadth of the velum is so great that when fully extended it can probably close the entire umbrella cavity like a sphincter”</td><td>Wide, with marked circular muscles</td></tr><tr><th><b>Tentacles</b></th><td>“The numerous sucking-cups (<i>sic!</i>) form 6 to 8 alternating rows placed one above the other on the umbrella margin; in each of the thirty-two small groups, which have an almost rhomboidal outline, they are placed in 5 to 6 diagonal rows, each with 4 to 5 tentacles”; “about a thousand”. Types, shapes and arrangement well- illustrated in Haeckel’s Pl. 3 Fig. 12.</td><td>About 1200 per medusa, ca 150 per octant, superimposed in 5–6 rows; their size increases from the adaxial to the abaxial side 2 types of tentacles: solid, with adnate base in the outermost row, and shorter and thinner in the innermost rows</td></tr><tr><th><b>Statocysts</b></th><td>“The auditory clubs (<i>sic!</i>) […] lie on the axial side of the umbrella margin, under the insertion of the velum, inside the lowest row of tentacles. After most careful search, I was only able to discover two or three of them, very small”</td><td>Numerous, free, placed among the marginal tentacles; with single, large statoliths</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 3 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 3. Crossota millsae, sp. nov. a) Two of the juvenile paratype specimens representing different stages of early development, scale bar = 2.5 mm. b) Two of the juvenile paratype specimens representing later stages of development, same scale bar as in Fig 3a. c) Abscission zone at base of tentacles. ABS = abscission point, RC = ring canal, YIP = yellow iridescent pigment. d) Scanning electron micrograph of spermatids from testes of the male specimen shown in Fig. 1b. Three size classes of spermatids are noted, A ~10 µm, B ~5 µm and C ~2 µm. The smallest spermatids have developing flagella. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 1. Crossota millsae, sp. nov. a) Lateral view of female specimen. Scale bar = 9 mm. b) Lateral view of male paratype specimen. Note the exumbrellar furrows. Scale bar = 5 mm. c) Oral view of female shown in Fig 1a with developing juveniles. Scale bar = 9 mm. d) Aboral view of female with developing juveniles. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
FIGURE 2. In situ video frame of Crossota millsae sp. nov. taken off California from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's ROV Tiburon. This is a female specimen with developing juveniles.
FIGURE 3 in Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)
FIGURE 3. (A) Lateral view of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2K1337SS6g], collected at 15:18:15; scale: 1 mm. (B) detail of the bell margin of the paratype [2K1337SS6h], from the external surface showing the proximal part of the autotomized marginal tentacles superimposed in several rows together; scale: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)
FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2K1337SS6g], collected at 15:18:15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2K1337SS6h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)
FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2K1337SS6h]. Specimen collected at 15:24:36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm.
Table 1 in Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Main distinguishing characters of the genera belonging to the family Ptychogastriidae Mayer, 1900.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Umbrella</th><th><i>Glaciambulata</i> gen. nov. Flat</th><th><b><i>Ptychogastria</i> Allman, 1878</b> Dome-shaped</th><th><b><i>Tesserogastria</i> Beyer, 1959</b> Dome-shaped</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Manubrium</b></th><td>Eight-lobed</td><td>Eight-lobed</td><td>Four-lobed</td></tr><tr><th><b>Mesenteries</b></th><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>Absent</td></tr><tr><th><b>Tentacles</b></th><td>Filiform + adhesive; forming contiguous groups; inserted in superimposed rows on umbrella margin</td><td>Filiform + adhesive; forming contiguous groups; inserted in superimposed rows on umbrella margin</td><td>Filiform; reportedly not arranged in groups; inserted at varied levels on umbrella margin</td></tr><tr><th><b>Centripetal canals</b></th><td>Absent</td><td>Present/absent</td><td>Absent</td></tr><tr><th><b>Gonads</b></th><td>Ovoid; in pairs, on either side of the manubrial lobes</td><td>Ovoid; in pairs, on either side of the manubrial lobes</td><td>Elongated; simple; attached to the body of manubrium</td></tr><tr><th><b>Velum</b></th><td>Absent</td><td>Present</td><td>Present</td></tr><tr><th><b>Statocysts</b></th><td>16</td><td>16</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th><b>Ability to swim</b></th><td>No</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr></tbody></table>
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