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148 results for “Trait Plasticity”
Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) dataset for genome wide associations of growth, phenology and plasticity traits in willow (Salix viminalis (L.))
<p>These vcf-files constitute underlying raw data material for the manuscript "Genome wide associations of growth, phenology and plasticity traits in willow (Salix viminalis (L.))". For more detailed information please consult the README file in the repository.</p>
Climatic history, constraints, and the plasticity of phytochemical traits under water stress
<p><span>Environmental stress can induce changes in organismal traits and in resulting intraspecific variation. The nature of such effects will depend on the plasticity of trait expression and on any ecological constraints to such expression. Plants can mitigate abiotic stress, like drought, by changing their chemistry, but the ability to induce costly metabolites may be under strong local selection and ecologically constrained. Here we asked whether climate at the seed source predicts plant chemical plasticity in response to water stress and what the consequences are for intraspecific variation in phytochemical traits. To this end, we used common gardens of two widespread species of western milkweed (<em>Asclepias fascicularis </em>and <em>Asclepias speciosa</em>)<em> </em>that had been collected from sites across an aridity gradient. Both species produce high concentrations of leaf flavonols, which are hypothesized to mitigate water stress by functioning as antioxidants. These compounds were found in higher constitutive concentrations in plants sourced from drier sites, and both species responded to water stress in the common garden by increasing leaf flavonol concentrations. Interestingly, flavonol plasticity was higher in plants sourced from wetter sites in <em>A. fascicularis</em>, with similar, but weaker, patterns in <em>A. speciosa</em>. These opposing patterns in constitutive and induced flavonol expression reduced the variation between populations in leaf flavonol concentrations under water stress. </span><span>These results suggest that</span><span> local adaptation in plants can </span><span>shape phytochemical strategies for water limitation but that the cost of metabolite production may ultimately limit the range of phytochemical variation.</span></p>
Evidence of climate-driven selection on tree traits and trait plasticity across the climatic range of a riparian foundation species
<p>Selection on quantitative traits by heterogeneous climatic conditions can lead to substantial trait variation across a species range. In the context of rapidly changing environments, however, it is equally important to understand selection on trait plasticity. To evaluate the role of selection in driving divergences in traits and their associated plasticities within a widespread species, we compared molecular and quantitative trait variation in <em>Populus fremontii</em> (Fremont cottonwood), a foundation riparian distributed throughout Arizona. Using SNP data and genotypes from 16 populations reciprocally planted in three common gardens, we first performed Q<sub>ST</sub>-F<sub>ST</sub> analyses to detect selection on traits and trait plasticity. We then explored the environmental drivers of selection using trait-climate and plasticity-climate regressions. Three major findings emerged: 1) There was significant genetic variation in traits expressed in each of the common gardens and in the phenotypic plasticity of traits across gardens, both of which were heritable. 2) Based on Q<sub>ST</sub>-F<sub>ST</sub> comparisons, there was evidence of selection in all traits measured; however, this result varied from no effect in one garden to highly significant in another, indicating that detection of past selection is environmentally dependent. We also found strong evidence of divergent selection on plasticity across environments for two traits. 3) Traits and/or their plasticity were often correlated with population source climate (R<sup>2</sup> up to 0.77 and 0.66, respectively). These results suggest that steep climate gradients across the Southwest have played a major role in shaping the evolution of divergent phenotypic responses in populations and genotypes now experiencing climate change.</p>
Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system
<h3><span>Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system</span></h3> <h1><a name="_Hlk166486742"></a><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></h1> <p><span><span>1. Most tree species can suffer from inbreeding depression (ID), which they escape by reproducing predominantly through outcrossing. A remarkable exception is <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, an African timber species naturally producing 54% of self-fertilized seeds in the eastern Congo Basin. This species is highly logged and suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration, so that silviculture is needed for its sustainable management. While selecting good genetic material can increase the value of plantations, we lack fundamental biological knowledge on the effect of inbreeding and competition on growth potential, variability in leaf traits and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesize that ID in <em>P. elata</em> could result from the expression of deleterious mutations affecting functional traits, or from a reduction of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in inbred genotypes.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>2. To test our hypotheses, 540 <em>P. elata</em> seedlings were monitored for 4 years in a Nelder-type device located in the DRC, in which trees were planted along concentric circles to generate a density gradient. Nine leaf morphological traits (including specific leaf area, stomata density and size), eight leaf chemical traits, diameter, and total height were measured regularly, while paternity analyses allowed distinguishing inbred and outbred plants. To explain the observed ID on growth, we tested whether inbreeding affected leaf traits and/or their plasticity expressed across years, across the density gradient or across sunlight exposure. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>3. Outbred plants grew faster than inbred ones, demonstrating ID for each level of competition. Despite the significant correlation found between specific leaf area and growth, and the impact of planting density, plant age, and leaf exposure to sunlight on multiple traits, mean leaf trait values did not differ according to inbreeding. However, </span></span><span><span>a few leaf traits (chlorophyl content, </span></span><span><span>maximum stomatal water vapor conductance</span></span><span><span>, and leaf fresh mass) showed significantly higher plasticity in outbred than inbred plants. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>4. Synthesis: the observed ID on growth was not explained by a direct effect of inbreeding on the mean values of functional traits but possibly by a reduction of phenotypic plasticity with inbreeding. Additional studies on the interplay between ID, functional traits and plasticity should be conducted at the intra-specific level to identify general patterns<em>.</em></span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Key-words : </span></strong></span><span><span>Inbreeding depression, phenotypic plasticity, silviculture, functionals traits, <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, mating system, Nelder device.</span></span></p>
Acer and Quercus root traits plasticity
<p><u><span>Introduction</span></u><span>: Plant nutrient acquisition strategies range along a spectrum from autonomous foraging to investment in cooperative foraging through mycorrhizal associations. However, in temperate ecosystems, </span><span>many plant species encounter contrasted levels of symbiont availability in open fields versus closed forests<span>. Little is known about how fungal partner availability may be associated with intraspecific variation in other root foraging traits in natural settings.</span></span></p> <p><u><span>Methods</span></u><span>: Here, we addressed this issue by sampling saplings from two tree species: the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) <em>Acer rubrum</em> and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) <em>Quercus rubra</em> from open fields (AM-dominated) and adjacent forest plots (ECM-dominated). For each species and environment, we measured morphological, architectural, and symbiotic root traits.</span></p> <p><u><span>Results</span></u><span>: For the open field, <em>Quercus</em> had greater specific root length (SRL) while <em>Acer</em> had higher AM colonization and root diameter. In the closed forest, the opposite pattern was observed, namely <em>Quercus</em> had higher ECM colonization and <em>Acer</em> greater SRL. </span></p> <p><u><span>Discussion</span></u><span>: Both species showed evidence of a shift toward autonomous root foraging in the habitat with low expected symbiont abundance (open field for <em>Quercus</em> and forest for <em>Acer</em>). </span><span>Although the confounding effects of site abiotic properties could not be strictly controlled in this study, these results suggest that plants might adjust root foraging traits according to local habitat conditions.</span></p> <p><u><span>Synthesis</span></u><span>: Our results shed new light on the intraspecific variation in plant position along the so-called "collaboration gradient", and suggest that mycorrhizal symbiont availability, along with other factors such as competition and site properties, may contribute to this variation.</span></p>
Evidence of climate-driven selection on tree traits and trait plasticity across the climatic range of a riparian foundation species
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Trait data for the evolution of plasticity in pairwise competitive and mutualistic community of brewer's yeast
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Acer and Quercus root traits plasticity
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Climatic history, constraints, and the plasticity of phytochemical traits under water stress
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Data from: Is phenotypic plasticity use-it-or-lose-it? Exploring genetic assimilation of salinity-plastic traits across threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations
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Data and coding files for: Within population plastic responses to combined thermal-nutritional stress differ from those in response to single stressors, and are genetically independent across traits in both males and females
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Data for 'Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation in leaf traits of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae; Poaceae) in contrasting light environments'
<p>This is the Data for the article entitled 'Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation in leaf traits of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae; Poaceae) in contrasting light environments' submitted to 'Journal of Plant Research'</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01327-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01327-y</a></p> <p>Traits' names are listed below:</p> <p>Leaf length (LL), Leaf width (LW), Specific leaf area (SLA), Stomatal density (SD), Leaf thickness (LT), Relative frequency of cavities formed by the collapsed fusoid cells (CFC), Leaf chlorophyll content per unit area ([Chl]area), Ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (Chl a/b), Leaf nitrogen content per unit area ([N]area), Leaf stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), Actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII), Electron transport rate (ETR), Light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), Stomatal conductance (gs), Dark respiration rate (Rd), Apparent quantum yield (AQY), The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), Photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE)</p>
The Canopy Trait Plasticity (CANTRIP) database v1.0.0
<p>This release aligns with the version of the database published in Nature Plants.</p>
Data from: Functional trait plasticity diverges between sexes in African cichlids: a contribution toward ecological sexual dimorphism?
<p>Phenotypic plasticity enables development to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plasticity driven variation has been suggested to play a key role in adaptive divergence, and plasticity itself can evolve. However, the interaction of plasticity with the multiple levels involved with adaptive divergence is less understood. For example, sexual dimorphism can contribute to adaptive variation through ecological sexual dimorphism (ESD), but the contribution of plasticity to this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, to determine the potential contribution of plasticity to ESD, we used the adaptive radiation of Malawi cichlids. Two mouthbrooding species (<em>Labeotropheus fuelleborni </em>and <em>Tropheops</em> "Red Cheek", hereafter LF and TRC respectively) with differences in foraging tactics underwent foraging experiments using benthic and limnetic treatments while accounting for sex. Plasticity in craniofacial shape and three functionally important traits were measured. Plasticity was shown, but without any sex-based differences in shape. However, for mechanical advantage traits of the mandible sex by diet interactions were found. This suggests that ESD, may be influenced by phenotypic plasticity that diverges between sexes. Given the involvement of the mandible in parental care in cichlids this may indicate that sexual divergence in plasticity may trade-off against maternal care tactics.</p>
Supplementary data for Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield
<p>Dataset and supplementary file for <strong>Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) provenances differing in yield </strong>paper.</p> <p>The ANFS_data file includes individual level measurements of xylem safety and efficiency traits, leaf traits and growth among 7 provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. More details related to the methodology might be found in the published paper by Kurjak et al. 2024.</p> <p>The ANFS_supplementary file includes the test for differences in distance to tip between sites and provenances, based on the branch diameter-branch length scaling.</p>
Diet-induced plasticity of life-history traits and gene expression in outbred Drosophila melanogaster population
<p>Food is fundamental for the survival of organisms, governing growth, maintenance, and reproduction through the provision of essential macronutrients. However, access to food with optimum macronutrient composition, which will maximize the evolutionary fitness of an organism, is not always guaranteed. This leads to dietary mismatches with potential impacts on organismal performance. To understand the consequences of such dietary mismatches, we examined the effects of isocaloric diets varying in macronutrient composition on eight key organismal traits spanning across the lifespan of a large outbred <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> population (n ~ 2500). Our findings reveal that carbohydrate-reduced isocaloric diets correlates to accelerated pre-adult development and boosts reproductive output without impacting pre-adult viability and body size. Conversely, an elevated dietary carbohydrate content correlated to reduced lifespan in flies, evidenced by accelerated functional senescence including compromised locomotor activity and deteriorating gut integrity. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis indicated a substantial difference in gene regulatory landscapes between flies subject to high carbohydrate vs high protein diet, with elevated protein levels indicating transcriptomes primed for reduced synthesis of fatty acids. Taken together, our study helps advance our understanding of the effect of macronutrient composition on life history traits and their interrelations, offering critical insights into potential adaptive strategies that organisms might adopt against the continual dietary imbalances prevalent in the rapidly evolving environment.</p>
Data from: Sensory perception of rivals has trait-dependent effects on plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>The social environment has myriad effects on individuals, altering reproduction, immune function, cognition, and aging. Phenotypic plasticity enables animals to respond to heterogeneous environments such as the social environment but requires that they assess those environments accurately. It has been suggested that combinations of sensory cues allow animals to respond rapidly and accurately to changeable environments, but it is unclear whether the same sensory inputs are required in all traits that respond to a particular environmental cue. <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> males, in the presence of rival males, exhibit a consistent behavioral response by extending mating duration. However, exposure to a rival also results in a reduction in their lifespan, a phenomenon interpreted as a trade-off associated with sperm competition strategies. <em>D. melanogaster</em> perceive their rivals by using multiple sensory cues; interfering with at least two of olfactory, auditory, or tactile cues eliminates the extension of mating duration. Here we assessed whether these same cues were implicated in the lifespan reduction. Removal of combinations of auditory and olfactory cues removed the extended mating duration response to a rival, as previously found. However, we found that these manipulations did not alter the reduction in lifespan of males exposed to rivals or induce any changes in activity patterns, grooming or male-male aggression. Therefore, our analysis suggests that lifespan reduction is not a cost associated with the behavioral responses to sperm competition. Moreover, this highlights the trait-specific nature of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in response to the same environmental conditions. </p>
Climate-induced plasticity in leaf traits of riparian plants
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Leaf inputs from riparian vegetation and its decomposition play a key role in energy and nutrients transfer in many stream ecosystems. Instream leaf-litter decomposition is mainly driven by leaf traits. Therefore, understanding and predicting leaf traits variation with current environmental changes and its putative effects on stream food webs is a critical challenge. Most studies have focused on the assumed higher interspecific leaf traits variability, with little research addressing an intraspecific perspective.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Andalusia, Spain</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the relative effects of climate and soil on the intraspecific variability in leaf traits of four common woody riparian species in permanent low-order Mediterranean streams along a wide aridity gradient. We used a space-for-time substitution approach to predict leaf traits changes and consequences for stream food webs in a future climate change scenario.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that climate had a major influence on intraspecific variability of leaf traits, but with opposite patterns depending on plant functional type. Results indicated that leaf quality—linked to palatability and decomposability—of Alnus glutinosa, Salix atrocinerea and Rubus ulmifolius (deciduous/semideciduous) will decrease with the forecasted aridification, whereas that of the evergreen Nerium oleander will increase.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our findings suggest a decrease of intraspecific leaf-quality in riparian deciduous species with global warming in a relatively short term, which, in a longer term, may add to the forecasted dieback of deciduous species in riparian corridors of temperate climate zones. These forecasted changes have the potential to significantly impair ecosystem functioning of Mediterranean mountain streams currently under deciduous gallery forests.</p>
Data from: Lineage-specific trait variations and plasticity of obligate parthenogenetic animals following the expansion of distribution range to a continental archipelago.
<p><span>Two asexual lineages, JPN1 and JPN2, of panarctic <em>Daphnia pulex</em> expanded the distribution range to Japan from North America, independent of each other. According to the mutation rates within these lineages, JPN1 lineage colonized Japan earlier than JPN2 lineage. Moreover, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation rates (dN/dS) was lower in JPN1 than in JPN2 lineage.</span></p> <p><span>Accordingly, it is hypothesized that variations of phenotypic traits differ between these two lineages. In addition, since they are obligate parthenogenetic animals, the lineage occupying a larger distribution range should have a larger phenotypic plasticity. To test these hypotheses, we experimentally examined the phenotypic variations of fitness-related traits, including digestive, life history and morphological traits, among several genotypes of these lineages.</span></p> <p><span>We found that within-lineage variations of most traits were smaller in JPN1 than in JPN2. In addition, the overall phenotypic variations were also smaller within the JPN1 lineage than within the JPN2 lineage. These results support the idea that the JPN1 lineage has been more efficiently subjected to negative selection, as expected from the lower dN/dS ratio.</span></p> <p><span>However, the magnitude of the phenotypic plasticity to changing food levels was at the same level for both the JPN1 and JPN2 lineages, while variations found in the phenotypic plasticity were smaller in the JPN1 lineage. The difference in the variations of the phenotypic traits and plasticity between the two lineages suggests that these two lineages have evolved under somewhat different environmental conditions and that genotypes of the JPN2 lineage may have exploited niches that differed somewhat from that of the JPN1 genotypes.</span></p>
Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
<p><span>Positive biodiversity-productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grassland, forestry, and other natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE). However, we know little about how CE and SE are related to root traits and root dissimilarity.</span></p> <p><span>A four-year field experiment was carried out with a split-plot design, where main plot was four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2, N3) and five cropping systems (maize (</span><span><em>Zea mays</em> </span><span>L.</span><span>)/soybean (</span><span><em>Glycine max</em> </span><span>L. Merrill.</span><span>), maize/peanut (</span><em><span>Arachis hypogaea</span></em> <span>L.</span><span>) intercropped and the corresponding monocultures) with three replicates. Roots were sampled in the N0 and N2 treatments in two years. Intercropping effects were analyzed based on grain yield for four years and roots were sampled down to 60 cm depth, and analyzed with morphological parameters at different crop growth stages in two years.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping significantly increased grain yield and aboveground biomass in both intercropping systems under all N treatments. The partitioning of the net intercropping effects showed that yield advantage in intercropping was due to a positive CE under the N0 treatment, and to a positive SE with N application.</span></p> <p><span>Maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than the legumes did, with greater changes in root length density (RLD), root weight density (RWD) and total root surface (TS) in intercropping than in monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied a larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution of legumes was decreased by maize. The RLD, RWD, and TS of intercropped maize were constant or increased in later growth stages. SE showed a significantly positive relationship with root dissimilarity. Principal component analysis showed mean root depth and specific root length of legumes drove the positive CE in the absence of N fertilization. </span></p> <p><span>Root dissimilarity determined by maize explained the selection effects in overyielding. Complementarity effects under N0 were closely associated with specific root traits such as mean root depth and specific root length. Linking changes of root traits with intercropping effects aboveground helps understand yield advantages in diverse agroecosystem.</span><span> In general, a cereal species with strong phenotypic plasticity intercropped with a legume species with strong physiological plasticity can maximize the yield advantage of intercropping.</span></p>
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