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10 results for “Trechitae”
Data from: Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence
Using data from two nuclear ribosomal genes and four nuclear protein-coding genes, we infer a well-resolved phylogeny of major lineages of the carabid beetle supertribe Trechitae, based upon a sampling of 259 species. Patrobini is the sister group of Trechitae, but the genus Lissopogonus appears to be outside of the Patrobini + Trechitae clade. We find that four enigmatic trechite genera from the Southern Hemisphere, Bembidarenas, Argentinatachoides, Andinodontis, and Tasmanitachoides, form a clade that is the sister group of Trechini; we describe this clade as a new tribe, Bembidarenini. Bembidarenini + Trechini form the sister group of remaining trechites. Within Trechini, subtribe Trechodina is not monophyletic, as three trechodine genera from Australia (Trechobembix, Paratrechodes, Cyphotrechodes) are the sister group of subtribe Trechina. Trechini appears to have originated in the continents of the Southern Hemisphere, with almost all Northern Hemisphere lineages representing a single radiation within the subtribe Trechina. We present moderate evidence that the geographically and phylogenetically isolated genera Sinozolus (six species in the mountains of China), Chaltenia (one species in Argentina and Chile), and Phrypeus (one species in western North America) also form a clade, the tribe Sinozolini. The traditionally recognized tribe Bembidiini sens. lat., diagnosed by the presence of a subulate terminal palpomere, is shown to be polyphyletic; subulate palpomeres have arisen five times within Trechitae. Anillini is monophyletic, and the sister group of Tachyini + Pogonini + Bembidiini + Zolini + Sinozolini; within anillines, we confirm earlier results indicating the eyed New Zealand genus Nesamblyops as the sister to the rest. Sampled New World Pogonini are monophyletic, rendering the genus Pogonus non-monophyletic. Tachyina and Xystosomina are sister groups. Within Xystosomina, the New World members are monophyletic, and are sister to an Australia-New Zealand clade. The latter consists of the genus Philipis as well as taxa not previously recognized as xystosomines: Kiwitachys, the "Tachys" ectromioides group, and "Tachys" mulwalensis. Within Tachyina, the subgenus Elaphropus is not closely related to other subgenera previously placed in the genus Elaphropus; we move the other subgenera into the genus Tachyura. Tachyina with a bifoveate mentum do not form a clade; in fact, a bifoveate mentum is found in Xystosomina, Sinozolini, Trechini, Trechitae and its sister group, Patrobini. Extensive homoplasy in the morphological characters previously used as key indicators of relationship is supported by our results: in addition to multiple origins of subulate palpomeres and bifoveate menta, a concave protibial notch has arisen independently in Anillina, Xystosomina, and Tachyina. Phylogenetically and geographically isolated, species-poor lineages in Trechini, Bembidarenini, and Sinozolini may be relicts of more widespread faunas; many of these are found today on gravel or sand shores of creeks and rivers, which may be an ancestral habitat for portions of Trechitae. In addition to the description of Bembidarenini, we present a diagnosis of the newly delimited Sinozolini, and keys to the tribes of Trechitae.
FIGURE 1 in A new flightless trechodine genus and species from the South African Cape region (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechitae)
FIGURE 1. Scaurotrechodes capensis gen.nov., sp.nov., holotype, male, from Dwarsberg, Grabouw, South Africa. General habitus (A), aedeagus dorsal view (B), aedeagus side view (C), left anterior tibia (D), and microsculpture (E) of right elytron between the anterior and posterior discal setiferous punctures.
Data from: Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence
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Figure 7 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 7 - Summary of relationships in Trechitae and related taxa. Branches (including those subtended by triangles) indicate monophyletic groups supported by the combined analyses and at least two of the genes; quadrangles indicate groups whose status is unresolved.
Figure 6 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 6 - Summary of subtribal and tribal relationships supported by individual genes. Triangles indicate monophyletic groups; quadrangles represent paraphyletic groups A 28S rDNA B 18S rDNA C wingless.
Figure 3 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 3 - Majority-rule consensus tree of trees sampled in Bayesian analysis, with branch lengths proportional to average branch lengths across trees that contain that branch, for 18S rDNA data. See caption of Fig. 2 for additional details.
Figure 5 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 5 - Majority-rule consensus tree of trees sampled in Bayesian analysis for all three genes analyzed together. Ovals on branches indicate support for the clade based upon Bayesian (left), maximum likelihood (center), and parsimony (right) analyses. Darkest tones indicate strongest support for (grays and black) or against (pinks) the clade, with values indicating posterior probability expressed as a percentage (Bayesian), or bootstrap percentage (likelihood and parsimony).
Figure 4 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 4 - Majority-rule consensus tree of trees sampled in Bayesian analysis, with branch lengths proportional to average branch lengths across trees that contain that branch, for the complete wingless data. See caption of Fig. 2 for additional details.
Figure 1 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 1 - Phylogenies of Trechitae from morphological studies A Strict consensus tree of most parsimonious trees from larval data, with all characters treated as unordered, from Grebennikov (2008); this is the tree presented in Grebennikov (2008: Fig. 3) B Strict consensus tree of most parsimonious trees from larval data, with some characters treated as ordered, as specified by Grebennikov (2008); this tree is not presented in that paper, but was inferred from the described conditions C "Best fit" tree presented by Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001) based upon adult morphological data.
Figure 2 from: Maddison D, Ober K (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871
Figure 2 - Majority-rule consensus tree of trees sampled in Bayesian analysis, with branch lengths proportional to average branch lengths across trees that contain that branch, for 28S rDNA data. Branch lengths were reconstructed by MrBayes; scale bar units are substitutions per site. Thickness and shade of branches indicate support for that clade, based upon estimated Bayesian Posterior Probability percentages (BPP), Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (MLBoot), and parsimony bootstrap values (parsBoot).
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