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24 results for “Trichoplusia”
Fig. 6 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles
Fig. 6. Transcription of the 23S gene of Enterobacteria (428 bp) and ribosomal protein S5 gene (782 bp) from rRNA samples of Trichoplusia ni NL strain larval midguts, afer exposure to 10 g of neem leaves, determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR product of RNA not subject- ed to RT-PCR was taken as a negative control. Lane 1, DNA ladder 100 bp; lane 2, PCR product of plasmid DNA with the Enterobacteria insert as positive control; lane 3, PCR products of the 23S gene of Enterobacteria and the ribosomal protein S5 gene of T. ni from unexposed larvae; lanes 4, 6, and 8, PCR of control RNA; lane 5, RT-PCR products in gut from VOC-exposed T. ni larva, showing both 23S and ribosomal protein S5 gene amplification (1st replication); lane 7, RT-PCR products in gut from VOC-exposed T. ni larva, showing both 23S and ribosomal protein S5 gene amplification (2nd replication).
Fig. 3 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles
Fig. 3. Mortality for NL and Gto strains of Trichoplusia ni exposed as neonate larvae for 7 d in sealed containers to VOCs from 1 or 10 g of dried neem stems compared with the unexposed controls. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicate experiments per treatment (90 larvae per replicate were tested).
Fig. 1 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles
Fig. 1. Setup of the bioassay container for neem VOC exposure of Trichoplusia ni neonates. A) View of tray with 30 cups placed inside the 11 L plastic container with airtight lid for VOC exposure; B) view of tray with 30 cups with artificial diet infested with 3 neonates each and cardboard lid to allow VOC exchange; C) view of 1 L container with artificial diet (bottom) and 1 oz (29.6 mL) cups (top) with 1 g milled dried neem stems or leaves.
Fig. 1 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis
Fig. 1. Zymogram of midgut proteins from Trichoplusia ni with casein as substrate. (A) 6-12% Z Blue casein (substrate in gel), or (B) 4-16% Tricine gel, incubated in casein solution postelectrophoresis. Migration of molecular markers is indicated on the lef, and proposed T. ni protease numbering (P1 – P7) on right, based on migration in the gel.
Fig. 2 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis
Fig. 2. Zymogram of midgut proteins from Trichoplusia ni with either 2% Xen- Tari (A) or 1% Cry1Ac-HD73 (B) as substrate. GT and G represent the GTO strain. Migration of molecular markers is indicated on the lef, and proposed T. ni protease numbering (P1 – P7) on right, based on migration in the gel.
Fig. 4 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis
Fig. 4. Relative DNA detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using the imageJ sofware, comparing the tnapn1 versus the rs5 control transcript as amplification reference. Trichoplusia ni strains NLX, GTOX and USX represent NL, US and GTO afer 5 generations being exposed to XenTari.
Fig. 3 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis
Fig. 3. Detection of protease activity in midgut extracts from different Trichoplusia ni strains using class-specific substrates. (A) N-a-benzolyl-L-arginine-pNA (BApNA) for detection of trypsin-like activity; (B) N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phepNA (SAAPFpNA) for detection of chymotrypsin-like activity; and (C) N-succinylala-ala-pro-leu-pNA (SAAPLpNA) for detection of elastase-like activity.
Fig. 1 in Occurrence of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S. A. Rehner & Humber in Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Tamaulipas and Veracruz, Mexico
Fig. 1. Larvae of (A) Anticarsia gemmatalis and (B) Trichoplusia ni infected by Metarhizium rileyi, collected from soybean plants in the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz, Mexico; (C) Conidiophores of M. rileyi at 100× magnification and dyed with cotton blue; (D) Spores of M. rileyi at 100× magnification and dyed with cotton blue.
Critical PO2 as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low-oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the Cabbage Looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)
<p>BACKGROUND: Phytosanitary irradiation is a sustainable alternative to chemical fumigants for disinfesting fresh commodities from insect pests. However, irradiating insects in modified atmospheres with very low oxygen (<1 kPa O2) has repeatedly been shown to increase radioprotective response. Thus, there is a concern that modified atmosphere packaging could reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. One hurdle slowing the widespread application of phytosanitary irradiation is a lack of knowledge about how moderate levels of hypoxia relevant to modified atmosphere packaging of most fresh commodities (3-10 kPa O2) may affect phytosanitary irradiation treatments. Therefore, we hypothesize that critical PO2 (Pcrit), the level of oxygen at which an insect's metabolism becomes impaired, can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to predict the induction of a radioprotective response. RESULTS: Using the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), we show that there is a substantial increase in radiation resistance when larvae are irradiated in atmospheres more hypoxic than their Pcrit (3.3 kPa O2). These data are consistent with our hypothesis that Pcrit could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for what levels of hypoxia may induce radioprotective effects that could impact phytosanitary irradiation treatments. CONCLUSION: We propose that the relationship between Pcrit and radioprotective effects could allow us to build a framework for predicting the effects of low-oxygen atmospheres on the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. However, more widespread studies across pest species are still needed to test the generality of this idea.</p>
Data from: Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni : crop plant matters
<p>BACKGROUND: Microbial insecticides are an important weapon in insect pest management, but their use is still relatively limited. One approach for increasing their efficacy and use could be to combine different pathogens to increase pest mortality. However, little is known about whether increasing pathogen diversity will improve pest management. Here, we investigated the compatibility of two pathogens for the management of the cabbage looper, <em>Trichoplusia ni</em>; T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>on two crops, tomato and broccoli. The pathogens were applied to individual plants using ultra low volume sprays, alone or in combination, either synchronously or asynchronously. Healthy 3rd instar <em>T. ni</em> larvae were introduced to the plants before application and collected by destructive sampling 24h after the last pathogen application.</p> <p>RESULTS: Combined applications did not result in an increase in larval mortality compared to TniSNPV alone, although mortality was generally high. <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> was considerably less effective on broccoli compared to tomato. In both the combined treatments, virus-induced mortality was approximately 50% lower when applied together with the fungus, while fungus-induced mortality was not affected by the virus, even when the virus was introduced 24h before the fungus.</p> <p>CONCLUSION: While our results suggest that applying this combination of entomopathogens would not be beneficial for pest management, this study illustrates the need to consider the target crop as an important driver of the efficacy of both single and mixed pathogen applications in the field.</p>
Data from: Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni : crop plant matters
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Critical PO2 as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low-oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the Cabbage Looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)
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Supplementary material 2 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
CLSM volume rendered animated GIF showing the Malpighian tubules and the urinary bladder of Trichoplusia ni.
Supplementary material 1 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
CLSM volume rendered animated GIF showing the Malpighian tubules and the urinary bladder of Trichoplusia ni.
Supplementary material 3 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
CLSM volume rendered animated GIF showing the Malpighian tubules and the urinary bladder of Trichoplusia ni.
Figure 5 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
Figure 5 - Alimentary canal of the second instar larva of a cynipini inquiline (Synergus sp.) showing the iliac glands (Malpighian tubule analog) and salivary glands.
Figure 3 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
Figure 3 - CLSM volume rendered micrograph showing the Malpighian tubules and the urinary bladder of Trichoplusia ni.
Figure 2 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
Figure 2 - Brightfield image of Malpighian tubules of Trichoplusia ni. Left: yellow region; Right: white region
Figure 4 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
Figure 4 - CLSM volume rendered micrograph showing the Malpighian tubules and the urinary bladder of Trichoplusia ni.
Figure 1 from: Rivera-Vega L, Mikó I (2017) Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e11827. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e11827
Figure 1 - SEM micrograph showing the brochosomes on the antenna of the putative parasitoids of Cicadellidae (Trassedia luapi, Hymenoptera, Ceraphronidae).
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