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65 results for “Tridentata”
Density-dependent demography of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) along grass-shrub ecotones.
The encroachment of woody plants into grasslands is a global phenomenon with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Understanding and predicting the pace of expansion and the underlying processes that control it are key challenges in the study and management of woody encroachment. Theory from spatial population biology predicts that the occurrence and speed of population expansion should depend sensitively on the nature of conspecific density dependence. If fitness is maximized at the low-density encroachment edge then shrub expansion should be "pulled" forward. However, encroaching shrubs have been shown to exhibit positive feedbacks, whereby shrub establishment modifies the environment in ways that facilitate further shrub recruitment and survival. In this case there may be a fitness cost to shrubs at low density causing expansion to be "pushed" from behind the leading edge. We studied the spatial dynamics of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), which has a history of encroachment into Chihuahuan Desert grasslands over the past century. We used demographic data from observational censuses and seedling transplant experiments to test the strength and direction of density dependence in shrub fitness along a gradient of shrub density at the grass-shrub ecotone. We also used seed-drop experiments and wind data to construct a mechanistic seed dispersal kernel, then connected demography and dispersal data within a spatial integral projection model (SIPM) to predict the dynamics of shrub expansion. The SIPM predicted that, contrary to expectations based on potential for positive feedbacks, the shrub encroachment wave is "pulled" by maximum fitness at the low-density front. However, the predicted pace of expansion was strikingly slow (ca. 8 cm/yr), and this prediction was supported by independent re-surveys of the ecotone showing little to no change in spatial extent of shrub cover over 12 years. Encroachment speed was acutely sensitive to seedling recruitment,
Hydraulic Constraints on Two Life History Stages of Larrea tridentata in a Chihuahuan Desert Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2002-2003)
Maintaining high rates of water loss during times of high resource availability could allow establishing woody desert perennials to grow quickly by allowing them to take advantage of the fleeting but abundant monsoonal moisture typical of warm deserts like the Chihuahuan. However, a plant cannot endlessly increase water loss in order to grow faster --there are hydraulic constraints on rates of water loss. The hydraulic properties of each particular plant xylem and soil microsite, as well as the AR:AL absorbing root area to transpiring leaf area ratio) interact to set limits on rates of water loss. If transpiration rates become too high, cavitation may limit the ability of the xylem to supply water to the leaves. The main objective of this study was to test two hypotheses on a population of Larrea tridentata at the Sevilleta LTER in central New Mexico (1) do small plants grow faster and use water less conservatively than large, and (2) are there differences in the hydraulic constraints on small and large plants. Measurements were made every six weeks in the spring, summer and fall from April 2002 - August 2003. Field measurements of shoot growth, gas exchange and plant and soil water potentials were made to determine growth rates and water use. Measurements of leaf specific conductance determined the ability of the xylem to supply water to the leaves. Excavation findings were used to estimate (AR:AL). Xylem vulnerability curves and soil texture analysis were used to determine the hydraulic properties of the plant xylem and soil. A model determined where the limiting conductance occurred in the plant-soil continuum.
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - fruit - lateral or general close-up
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - fruit - lateral or general close-up
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - fruit - as borne on the plant
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - fruit - as borne on the plant
FIG. 4. — Frevillea tridentata A in Notes on the taxonomy of Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea), with the description of a new genus for F. sigsbei A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
FIG. 4. — Frevillea tridentata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (now Trapezioplax tridentata): A-D, lectotype ♀ (8.5 × 4.7 mm) (MCZ-IZ-CRU-9170); E, F, paralectotype ♂ (6.9 × 4.3 mm) (MCZ-IZ-CRU-9170); G, H, right cheliped from either male or female specimen from MCZ (MCZ-IZ-CRU-9170); I-K, ambulatory legs from either MCZ specimen: A, C, E, overall dorsal view; B, pleon; D, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right cheliped (dorsal view); H, right cheliped (ventral view); I, right ambulatory leg; J, K, left ambulatory leg. Credits: A, B, after A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: fig. 4; pl. 6 fig. 3); C-K, photographs by Alana Rivera, MCZ.
Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Image of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Image of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
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