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30 results for “Tropical forest recovery”
Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
<p>Choosing effective methods to restore habitat for the diverse faunal assemblages of tropical forests is hampered by lack of long-term data comparing multiple restoration treatments. We conducted area counts of bird assemblages over 12 years (~5-17 years since restoration) in a blocked experiment with two active planted treatments (tree plantations and applied nucleation) and a passive restoration treatment (natural regeneration) replicated at 11 sites in Costa Rica. We also surveyed six pastures and five remnant forest sites to assess recovery of avian species richness, composition, forest specialists, and range-restricted species in restoration plots relative to degraded and reference systems. Restoration treatments showed increased resemblance of avian assemblages to remnant forest over time. Applied nucleation proved equally effective as plantation, despite a reduced planted area, whereas natural regeneration recovered more slowly. Assemblage-level trends in avian species richness and compositional similarity to reference forest are underpinned by reductions in use by pasture birds and by gradual increases in richness of forest-affiliated species. Because forest-affiliated species tend to have narrower distributions than the open-country species they replace, forest restoration can reduce biotic homogenization at the local scale. Restoration practitioners should consider applied nucleation as an alternative to standard plantations if seeking rapid recovery of bird assemblages. However, the ecological return on investment from natural regeneration increases over a couple of decades. Managers should monitor trends in forest-affiliated and range-restricted species to track the recovery of the full avian assemblages, since coarse metrics like species richness and overall compositional similarity may plateau relatively quickly.</p>
Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
<p>This online repository copies the source code and the download link of the input data for the research work of analyzing forest leaf area change due to the TC activities in the west pacific ocean basin. </p> <p><strong>TC Track data, mask, climate reanalysis, leaf area, ERA5 (wind speed, surface pressure data), and SPEI dataset: </strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 373G</p> <p><strong>The path for downloading the source code/script for analyzing the LAI changes:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 880M</p> <p><strong>Data table for all events used in this study:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>Filesize:824K</p>
Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
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Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
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Landslide age, elevation and residual vegetation determine tropical montane forest canopy recovery and biomass accumulation after landslide disturbances in the Peruvian Andes
<p>Landslides are common natural disturbances in tropical montane forests. While the geomorphic drivers of landslides in the Andes have been studied, factors controlling post-landslide forest recovery across the steep climatic and topographic gradients characteristic of tropical mountains are poorly understood.</p> <p>Here we use a LiDAR-derived canopy height map coupled with a 25-year landslide time series map to examine how landslide, topographic, and biophysical factors, along with residual vegetation, affect canopy height and heterogeneity in regenerating landslides. We also calculate aboveground biomass accumulation rates and estimate the time for landslides to recover to mature forest biomass levels.</p> <p>We find that age and elevation are the biggest determinants of forest recovery, and that the jump-start in regeneration that residual vegetation provides lasts for at least 18 years. Our estimates of time to biomass recovery (31.6-37.1 years) are surprisingly rapid, and as a result we recommend that future research pair LiDAR with hyperspectral imagery to estimate forest aboveground biomass in frequently disturbed landscapes.</p> <p>Synthesis: Using a high-resolution LiDAR dataset and a time-series inventory of 608 landslides distributed across a wide elevational gradient in Andean montane forest, we show that age and elevation are the most influential predictors of forest canopy height and canopy variability. Other features of landslides, in particular the presence of residual vegetation, shape post-landslide regeneration trajectories. LiDAR allows for a detailed analysis of forest structural recovery across large landscapes and numbers of disturbances, and provides a reasonable upper bound on aboveground biomass accumulation rates. However, because this method does not capture the effect of compositional change through succession on aboveground biomass, wherein high-wood density species gradually replace light-wooded pioneer species, it overestimates aboveground biomass. Given previously estimated stem turnover rates along this elevational gradient, we posit that aboveground biomass recovery takes at least three times as long as our recovery time estimates based on LiDAR-derived structure alone.</p>
Soundscapes and artificial intelligence provide powerful tools to track biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
<p><span>Tropical forest recovery is fundamental to addressing the intertwined climate and biodiversity loss crises.</span><span> While regenerating trees sequester carbon relatively quickly, the pace of biodiversity recovery remains contentious. </span><span>Here, we use bioacoustics and meta-barcoding to measure forest recovery post-agriculture in a global biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador</span><span>. We show that the community composition, and not species richness, of vocalizing vertebrates identified by experts reflects the restoration gradient. Two automated measures – an acoustic index model and a bird community derived from an independently developed Convolutional Neural Network – correlated well with restoration (adj-R<sup>2</sup> = 0.62 and 0.69, respectively). Importantly, both measures reflected composition of non-vocalizing nocturnal insects identified via meta-barcoding. </span><span>We show that such automated monitoring tools, </span><span>based on new technologies,</span><span> can effectively monitor the success of forest recovery, using robust and reproducible data. </span><span>Crucially, this will help ensure that forest restoration efforts result in resilient, biodiverse tropical forests and not simply 'carbon farms'.</span></p>
Data from: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama
<p>Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old-growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our understanding of forest structure and community composition recovery throughout succession is incomplete, as many tropical chronosequences do not extend beyond the first 50 years of succession. Here, we examined trajectories of forest recovery across eight 1-hectare plots in middle and later stages of forest succession (40 – 120 years) and five 1-hectare old-growth plots, in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), Panama. We first verified that forest age had a greater effect than edaphic or topographic variation on forest structure, diversity and composition and then corroborated results from smaller plots censused 20 years previously. Tree species diversity (but not species richness) and forest structure had fully recovered to old-growth levels by 40 and 90 years, respectively. However, rare species were missing, and old-growth specialists were in low abundance, in the mid- and late secondary forest plots, leading to incomplete recovery of species composition even by 120 years into succession. We also found evidence that dominance early in succession by a long-lived pioneer led to altered forest structure and delayed recovery of species diversity and composition well past a century after land abandonment. Our results illustrate the critical importance of old-growth and old secondary forests for biodiversity conservation, given that recovery of community composition may take several centuries, particularly when a long-lived pioneer dominates in early succession.</p>
Data from: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama
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Soundscapes and artificial intelligence provide powerful tools to track biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
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Pathogen incidence on tree and liana seedlings along a chronosequence of tropical forest recovery in Panama
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Vertebrate diversity and biomass along a recovery gradient in a lowland tropical forest
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Greater landscape-scale forest cover and animal-mediated seed dispersal syndromes associate with faster recovery rates in restoring tropical Andean forests
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Data and code from: The neglected pollinators: Settling moths are keystone floral visitors essential to network connectivity and tropical forest recovery
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Landslide age, elevation and residual vegetation determine tropical montane forest canopy recovery and biomass accumulation after landslide disturbances in the Peruvian Andes
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Data from: Chronosequence resampling elucidates tree community and forest structure recovery patterns in restored tropical rainforest
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Canopy cover data from: Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery
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Bird Frugivore Abundance data from: Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery
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Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
Understanding plant hydraulic functioning and water balance during drought has become key in predicting species survival and recovery. However, the insightful studies that couple physiological and morphological attributes do not exist in many ecosystems, such as the vulnerable Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF). In this study, we evaluate drought resistance and recovery for saplings for five tree species spanning deciduous to evergreen habits from a Mexican TMCF. Methods Drought treatments withheld water until plants reached species-specific P50 or P88 values (pressures required to induce a 50 or 88 percent loss in hydraulic conductivity), at which point they were rewatered. Drought resistance were considered within the isohydric-anisohydric framework and compared to leaf gas exchange, water status, pressure-volume curves, specific leaf area, and stomatal density. Results TMCF species closed stomata well before significant losses in hydraulic conductivity (isohydric). Yet, despite the coordination of these traits, they did not predict how long it took species to reach critical hydraulic thresholds. Instead, maximum photosynthesis rates explained these times reinforcing the linkage between hydraulic and carbon dynamics. Despite varying hydraulic conductivities, stomatal responses, and times to hydraulic thresholds, all study plants except for two individuals (out of 60) recovered following rewatering. The recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance was explained by the P50 values and isohydry. Conclusions This study raises new questions surrounding drought management strategies, recovery processes, and how lethal thresholds are defined. Further studies need to consider the role of water and carbon balance in allowing for both survival and recovery to drought.
Data from: Long-term recovery of the functional community assembly and carbon pools in an African tropical forest succession
On the African continent, the population is expected to expand fourfold in the next century, which will increasingly impact the global carbon cycle and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how carbon stocks and community assembly recover after slash-and-burn events in tropical second-growth forests. We inventoried a chronosequence of 15 1-hectare plots in lowland tropical forest of the central Congo Basin and evaluated changes in aboveground and soil organic carbon stocks and in tree species diversity, functional composition and community-weighted functional traits with succession. We aimed to track long-term recovery trajectories of species and carbon stocks in secondary forests, comparing 5 to 200+ year old secondary forest with reference primary forest. Along the successional gradient, the functional composition followed a trajectory from resource acquisition to resource conservation, except for nitrogen-related leaf traits. Despite a fast initial recovery of species diversity and functional composition, there were still important structural and carbon stock differences between old-growth secondary and pristine forest, which suggests that a full recovery of secondary forests might take much longer than currently shown. As such, the aboveground carbon stocks of 200+ year old forest were only 57% of those in the pristine reference forest, which suggests a slow recovery of aboveground carbon stocks, although more research is needed to confirm this observation. The results of this study highlight the need for more in-depth studies on forest recovery in Central Africa, to gain insight into the processes that control biodiversity and carbon stock recovery.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.