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Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset contains compiled Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. The list of species included are mainly from the following two related publications:<br>- Muthuramkumar, S., Ayyappan, N., Parthasarathy, N., Mudappa, D., Raman, T.R.S., Selwyn, M.A. and Pragasan, L.A. (2006), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Biotropica</em>, 38: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x<br>- Osuri, A., Chakravarthy, D., Mudappa, D., Raman, T., Ayyappan, N., Muthuramkumar, S., & Parthasarathy, N. (2017). <a href="http://httpd//doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Journal of Tropical Ecology</em>, 33(4), 270-284. doi:10.1017/S0266467417000219<br>The present dataset is an expanded and updated version of the related dataset available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn</a><br> <br>Species traits information was collated from <a href="http://www.biotik.org/">BIOTIK (http://www.biotik.org/</a>), <a href="http://www.flowersofindia.net/">Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/)</a>, India Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1">Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Osuri et al. (2014): https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219</a>. We also referred to the following previous studies that provided information on the successional status of rain-forest species in the Western Ghats (Chetana 2013, Pascal 1988, Raman et al. 2009, Sreejith 2005).</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br>CHETANA, H. C. 2013. Assessing the ecological processes in abandoned tea plantations and its implication for ecological restoration in the Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Manipal University.<br>OSURI, A. M., KUMAR, V. S. & SANKARAN, M. 2014. Altered stand structure and tree allometry reduce carbon storage in evergreen forest fragments in India’s Western Ghats. <em>Forest Ecology and Management </em>329: 375–383.<br>PASCAL, J. P. 1988. <em>Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, structure, floristic composition and succession</em>. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Pondicherry.<br>RAMAN, T. R. S., MUDAPPA, D. & KAPOOR, V. 2009. Restoring rainforest fragments: survival of mixed-native species seedlings under contrasting site conditions in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Restoration Ecology</em> 17:137–147.<br>SREEJITH, K. A. 2005. Ecological and ecophysiological studies on the successional status of tree seedlings in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Kerala. PhD thesis, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.</p> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage:</strong><br>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India<br>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p> <p><strong>Temporal Coverage:</strong><br>1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2024-02-10 (Year, Month, Day)</p> <p>Besides the <strong>README.txt</strong> file, the dataset includes the following comma-delimited text (csv) file with the data in columns as explained below:</p> <p><strong>Anamalai_tree_traits_2024.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>spec_name_ORIG:</strong> Scientific name of the species used during the data collection<br><strong>genus:</strong> Genus of the taxon<br><strong>specificEpithet:</strong> Specific epithet of the taxon in the Latin binomial name<br><strong>Accept_name_WFO:</strong> Updated scientific name of the species as in Plants of the World Online (POWO, https://powo.science.kew.org/)<br><strong>Habit:</strong> life form of the species(tree/shrub/cane/palm)<br><strong>Distribution:</strong> Distribution of the species in the study area (Native/Endemic/Introduced)<br><strong>IUCN_status:</strong> IUCN status of the species (CR-Critically Endangered,DD-Data deficient,EN-Endangered,LC-Least Concern,NT-Near Threatened,VU-Vulnerable,NA-Unknown)<br><strong>Wden_final:</strong> Wood density value assigned for the species (g cm^-3); NA - not available; sourced from Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)<br><strong>wd_level:</strong> Level in which the wood density value belongs (Species - wood density value is from species level; genus - wood density value assigned is the genus level average value)<br><strong>fruit_type:</strong> Morphological type of fruit<br><strong>fleshy_dry:</strong> Whether fruit is a dry fruit or fleshy, with aril or other parts <br><strong>seed_size:</strong> Species seed size: L = Large (>3 cm); M = Medium (1-3 cm); S = Small (<1 cm)<br><strong>disperser:</strong> Categories indicating seed dispersal mode: Bird, mammal, bird and mammal (Mammal_bird), gravity, wind, or unknown<br><strong>habitat:</strong> Habitat affinity category: EG_edg - evergreen forest edge; EG_for - evergreen forest; Dec_for - deciduous forest; Int – Introduced species; Unknown – Unknown<br><strong>habt_new:</strong> Habitat affinity new category: Mature – mature forest; Secondary – secondary forest, NA - unknown/Introduced species<br><strong>ad_ht:</strong> Species maximum adult height (m)</p>
Life History Traits of Resprouting Puerto Rican Tropical Dry Forest Trees, Guánica Forest, 1981-2018
This dataset provides trait and demographic data for 44 tropical dry forest tree species from the Guánica State Forest in southwest Puerto Rico. The study area spans 4,500 ha of semi-deciduous TDF, where the sampled species represent over 90% of all individuals with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥2.5 cm. The dataset integrates ten functional traits, combining newly collected measurements (2017–2018) with previously published data (Vargas et al. 2021b). Previously published data includes xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (ks), Huber value (hv), and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), with species-level data availability ranging from 19 to 44 species, except for HSM, which was measured for six species. Trait measurements were primarily collected during the wet season (August–November), except stomatal behaviour traits (psimax, psidv, and gsmax), which were assessed during the winter dry season before leaf fall. Demographic data encompass species-specific growth rates and annual survival rates for adult trees, derived from four permanent census plots (625 m² to 10,000 m²) distributed across the forest. These plots, established in mature upland TDF on limestone substrates with mollisol soils, were monitored between 1992 and 2019. Growth rate estimates are based on diameter increments recorded at regular censuses over 20.4–26.4 years. Survival rates were calculated over a 21-year period (1998–2019), mitigating the influence of extreme drought events. Standardised measurement protocols ensured data consistency, including repeated diameter assessments at multiple stem locations and the exclusion of wet-season measurements to prevent water-related swelling artifacts. Growth rates were derived from the regression slope of dbh against time, incorporating a minimum of two dbh measurements per individual (following Poorter et al. 2010). Annual survival rate was calculated over a 21-year timespan (1998–2019) to avoid bias introduced by an intense drought in 1997. The followin
Leslie Holdridge arboretum tree census, La Selva Research Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, 1972-2017.
This database is a collection of dendrometric and structural measurements for all the trees in the arboretum, it was compiled through the assessment of 10 census from 1972 to 2017 by O. Vargas and E. Castro for the Organization for Tropical Studies. The 3.5-hectare Holdridge Arboretum is located at La Selva Research Station. Leslie R. Holdridge, the original owner of the property, created the arboretum in 1968. Initially, it was a small cacao grove with an exceptionally rich overstory of native shade trees. To facilitate research in the arboretum, staff later removed the cacao. In 1970, Gary Hartshorn continued to plant seedlings of many native tree species. OTS continues to plant, tag, and measure trees. OTS maintains the arboretum by regular mowing and pruning to facilitate safe access. Courses, natural history visitors, students, and researchers use the arboretum for a wide range of observational studies, manipulations, dendrological practices, and taxonomy classes.
Tree Census Data of Tropical Dry Forest Succession in Permanent Plots at Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica (1999–2004), Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS)
This data package contains tree census data from eight permanent forest plots established in 1999 across four successional sites within the tropical dry forest of Palo Verde National Park, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (10°21’N, 85°21’W). The plots were established to study forest structure, composition, and successional dynamics under different disturbance histories in the lowland dry forest ecosystem of northwestern Costa Rica. Each site represents a distinct successional stage, ranging from an early grass-dominated field (Jaragua) to an older partially disturbed remnant forest stand (Varillal). Two permanent 50×50 m plots were established at each site and subdivided into 10×10 m subplots. All woody stems with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were tagged, identified to species, and spatially referenced using X–Y coordinates within each plot. For multi-stemmed individuals, all stems meeting the diameter threshold were measured separately. Tree diameter, condition, and taxonomic identification were recorded during four measurement campaigns in 1999, 2001, 2002, and 2004. The dataset includes species identity, DBH, measurement year, individual condition, and subplot coordinates for each stem. These data provide a baseline for understanding forest regeneration, mortality, recruitment, and species composition changes in tropical dry forest succession under varying land-use histories. The dataset represents the historical component of an ongoing long-term monitoring program of forest succession conducted by the Organization for Tropical Studies at Palo Verde National Park, led, developed and supported by Eugenio González since its establishment in 1999.
Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely-related species in two tropical tree species complexes
<p>Combining LiDAR-derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome-wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype-environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes <em>Symphonia</em> (Clusiaceae), and <em>Eschweilera</em> (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively.</p>
Earthworms in tropical tree plantations and secondary forests
We compared patterns of earthworm abundance and species composition in tree plantations and secondary forests of Puerto Rico. Tree plantations included pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) established in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s; secondary forests were naturally regenerated in areas adjacent to these plantations. We found that (1) earthworm density and fresh weight in the secondary forests were twice those in either of the tree plantations, and did not differ between the plantations, and (2) the exotic earthworm species, Pontoscolex corethrurus M ller, dominated both plantations and the secondary forests, but native earthworm species, Pontoscolex spiralis Borges & Moreno, Estherella montana Gates, and E. gatesi Borges & Moreno, occurred only in the secondary forests. Our results suggest that naturally-regenerated secondary forests are preferable to pine and mahogany plantations for maintaining a high level of earthworm density, fresh weight, and native species. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Appendix S3 from: Droissart V, Dauby G, Hardy OJ, Deblauwe V, Harris DJ, Janssens S, Mackinder BA, Blach-Overgaard A, Sonké B, Sosef MSM, Stévart T, Svenning J-C, Wieringa JJ, Couvreur TLP (2018) Beyond trees: biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa. Journal of Biogeography. DOI:10.1111/jbi.13190
<p>This dataset corresponds to GIS file that were generated in the study published by Droissart, Dauby et al. in <em>Journal of Biogeography</em>:</p> <p>Droissart V, Dauby G, Hardy OJ, Deblauwe V, Harris DJ, Janssens S, Mackinder BA, Blach-Overgaard A, Sonké B, Sosef MSM, Stévart T, Svenning J-C, Wieringa JJ, Couvreur TLP (2018) Beyond trees: biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa. <em>Journal of Biogeography. </em>DOI:10.1111/jbi.13190</p> <p><em>Please cite the aforementioned article and the dataset herein, when using of any of these files in this dataset.</em></p> <p> </p> <p>The GIS file is referred in the paper as <strong>Appendix S3</strong> and correspond to the map presented in Figure 1. Each polygons of the shapefile correspond to the main floristic bioregions and transition zones of tropical Africa delimited using bipartite network clustering analysis of 24,719 plant species.</p> <p>The coordinate system of the ESRI shapefile is GCS_WGS_1984. Field descriptions for the associate table are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>bionames</strong>: name of the bioregions as given in Table S1.1.</li> <li><strong>bioreg_ID</strong>: identifier of the bioregions as given in Table S1.1 and Fig. 1. T= Transition zones</li> <li><strong>cluster_ID</strong>: identifier of clusters delimited using bipartite network clustering on the 24,719 plant species of the RAINBIO database, as given in Table S1.1 and Fig. S2.1.</li> </ul>
canopy herbivory and leaf traits of tree communities in tropical montane rainforests of southern Ecuador
This dataset contains herbivory data estimated as leaf area loss [cm²] and [%] and several leaf traits measured either conventionally or via spectral sensing-based techniques from canopies of tree communities in tropical montane rainforests of the Andes in southern Ecuador between February and March in 2019. The data were used by Schön et al. (in prep) to evaluate whether leaf traits are valuable indicators of canopy herbivory mainly caused by arthropods and further, whether chemical leaf traits estimated via spectral sensing-based techniques have similar strong relations to herbivory as leaf traits measured conventionally. Herbivory was estimated with the software WinFOLIA ™ 2019a from scanned mature and sun-exposed leaves of tree canopies. Spectral sensing-based leaf traits comprising secondary plant metabolites and both structural and nutritional cell components were estimated from leaves with an OceanOptics spectrometer HDX. Conventionally measured leaf traits comprising morphological and nutritional traits were derived by applying both elemental and morphometrical analyses (e.g., ICP analysis, a digital micrometer and penetrometer). For detailed descriptions of the methodology see Schön et al. (in prep), Homeier et al. (2021), and Limberger et al. (2021). Research was conducted by the subprojects A1, B1, and B4 within the framework of the RESPECT project (Environmental changes in biodiversity hotspot ecosystems of South Ecuador: RESPonse and feedback effECTs) funded by the DFG with the grant numbers: BE1780/51-1, BE1780/51-2, Ho3296/6-1, FA 925/11-1, FA 925/11-2, FA 925/16-1, BR1293/17-1.
Low-frequency somatic mutations are heritable in tropical trees Dicorynia guianensis and Sextonia rubra
<p>Somatic mutations potentially play a role in plant evolution, but common expectations pertaining to plant somatic mutation remain insufficiently tested. Unlike in most animals, the plant germline is assumed to be set aside late in development, leading to the expectation that plants accumulate somatic mutations along growth. Therefore, several predictions were made on the fate of somatic mutations: mutations have generally low frequency in plant tissues; mutations at high frequency have a higher chance of intergenerational transmission; branching topology of the tree dictates mutation distribution; and, exposure to UV radiation increases mutagenesis. To provide new insights into mutation accumulation and transmission in plants, we produced two high-quality reference genomes and a unique dataset of 60 high-coverage whole-genome sequences of two tropical tree species, <i>Dicorynia guianensis</i> (Fabaceae) and <i>Sextonia rubra </i>(Lauraceae). We identified 15,066 <i>de novo</i> somatic mutations in <i>D. guianensis</i> and 3,208 in <i>S. rubra</i>, surprisingly almost all found at low frequency. We demonstrate that: 1) low-frequency mutations can be transmitted to the next generation; 2) mutation phylogenies deviate from the branching topology of the tree; and 3) mutation rates and mutation spectra are not demonstrably affected by differences in UV exposure. Altogether, our results suggest far more complex links between plant growth, ageing, UV exposure, and mutation rates than commonly thought.</p>
Functional genomics and co-occurrence in a diverse tropical tree genus: The roles of drought and defense related genes
<p>Tropical tree communities are among the most diverse in the world. A small number of genera often disproportionately contribute to this diversity. How so many species from a single genus can co-occur represents a major outstanding question in biology. Niche differences are likely to play a major role in promoting congeneric diversity, but the mechanisms of interest are often not well-characterized by the set of functional traits generally measured by ecologists. To address this knowledge gap, we used a functional genomic approach to investigate the mechanisms of co-occurrence in the hyper-diverse genus <em>Ficus</em>. Our study focused on over 800 genes related to drought and defense, providing detailed information on how these genes may contribute to the diversity of <em>Ficus</em> species. We find widespread and consistent evidence of the importance of defense gene dissimilarity in co-occurring species, providing genetic support for what would be expected under the Janzen-Connell mechanism. We also find that drought-related gene sequence similarity is related to <em>Ficus</em> co-occurrence, indicating that similar responses to drought promote co-occurrence. We provide the first detailed functional genomic evidence of how drought- and defense-related genes simultaneously contribute to the local co-occurrence in a hyper-diverse genus. Our results demonstrate the potential of community transcriptomics to identify the drivers of species co-occurrence in hyper-diverse tropical tree genera.</p>
Alignment and Tree file from: Two novel species of tropical Morchella (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Morchellaceae) discovered in the UNESCO Rinjani Lombok Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
<p>Alignment and Tree file from: Two novel species of tropical Morchella (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Morchellaceae) discovered in the UNESCO Rinjani Lombok Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia</p>
Ficus trees with upregulated or downregulated defence did not impact predation on their neighbours in a tropical rainforest
<p>Trees can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when under attack by herbivores, and these signals can also be detected by natural enemies and neighbouring trees. There is still limited knowledge of intra- and inter-specific communication in diverse habitats. We studied the effects of induced VOC emissions by three <em>Ficus</em> species on predation on the focal <em>Ficus</em> trees in a lowland tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea. Further we assessed predation across a phylogenetically diverse set of neighbouring tree species. Two of the focal tree species, <em>Ficus pachyrrhachis</em> and <em>F. hispidioides</em>, have strong alkaloid-based constitutive defences while the third one, <em>F. wassa</em>, is lower in constitutive chemical defences. We experimentally manipulated the jasmonic acid signalling pathway by spraying the focal individuals with either methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA). These treatments induce increases or decreases in VOC emissions, respectively. We tested the possible effects of VOC emissions on each focal <em>Ficus</em> tree and two of its neighbours by measuring the predation rate of plasticine caterpillars. We found that predation increased after the MeJA application in only one focal tree species, <em>F. wassa</em>, while the DIECA application had no effect on any of the three focal species. Further, we did not detect an effect of our treatments on predation rates across neighbouring trees. Neither the phylogenetic distance of the neighbouring tree from the focal tree nor the physical distance from the focal tree had any effect on predation rates for any of the three focal <em>Ficus</em> species. These results suggest that even congeneric tree species vary in their response to the MeJA and DIECA treatment and subsequent response to VOC emissions by predators. Our results also suggest that MeJA effects did not spill over to neighbouring trees in highly diverse tropical rainforest vegetation.</p>
Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress-tolerance, bamboo-presence and facilitation
<p><strong>Aims</strong>: Amidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterised the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C – competitor, S – stress-tolerant, R – ruderal) scheme, what functional trade-offs they exhibit and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: To characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e. isolated woody plants in the grasslands community) . Then, we used Mann Whitney test, t-test and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside vs outside tree island and bamboo presence on community weighted means, woody species diversity and functional diversity.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found a general SC/S strategy with drought-related functional trade-offs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR-strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought-coping strategies within the predominant S-strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The observed functional assembly hints towards large-scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping stress-tolerant community strategy, and small-scale biotic interactions driving small-scale trait variation. We recommend experimental studies with fire, facilitation treatments, eco-physiological and recruitment traits to elucidate on tree island expansion and communities response to climate change.</p>
Data from: Impact of human foraging on tree diversity, composition and abundance in a tropical rainforest
<p>These are summarised plot data from fifteen 40 m by 40 m sample plots established in Oban Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria, between 23rd August 2019 and 9th September 2019. We have also included data summaries and RStudio codes used for analysis and generating results for the manuscript entitled: "Impact of human foraging on tree diversity, composition and abundance in a tropical rainforest", submitted for publication as an original research article in Biotropica. All data and R code required to generate the results as shown in the manuscript have been included. Complete tree species and plot data can be accessed at https://forestplots.net/.</p>
Data from : Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics
<p>These datasets have been used in the following paper:</p> <p>Ibanez, T., Bauman, B., Aiba, S.-i., Arsouze, T. Bellingham, P.J., Birkinshaw, C., Birnbaum, P., Curran, T.J., DeWalt, S.J., Dwyer, J., Fourcaud, T., Franklin, J., Kohyama, T.S., Menkes, C. Metcalfe, D.J., Murphy, H., Muscarella, R., Plunkett, G.M., Sam, C., Tanner, E., Taylor, B.N., Thompson, J., Ticktin, T., Tuiwawa, M.V., Uriarte, U., Webb, E.L., Zimmerman, J.K., Keppel, G. Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics. Accepted for publication in <em>Global Change Biology</em>.</p> <p>Data users are invited to cite this paper and the original paper(s) corresponding to the data they use (see "Reference" column in each dataset). We also encourage potential users to contact the data owners for collaboration.</p> <p>These datasets are compiled empirical data on the damage caused by 11 cyclones occurring over the past 40 years, from 74 forest plots representing tropical regions worldwide. Damage are given at the tree (whether or not each tree has been uprooted or snapped) and at the plot level (number of uprooted or snapped trees in each plot).</p> <p>MSW: Maximum sustained wind speed (m.s-1)</p> <p>EXP: Topographical exposure to wind</p> <p>DBH: Diameter at breast height (cm)</p> <p>WD: Wood density (g.cm-3)</p>
Data from: Mast fruiting in a large tropical African legume tree provides evidence for the nutrient resource limitation hypothesis
<p>The large grove-forming tropical tree <em>Microberlinia bisulcata</em> (Fabaceae subfamily Detarioideae) at Korup, Cameroon, shows strong mast fruiting. Reproductive allocation is considerable. The site has very nutrient-poor soil. To test the nutrient resource limitation hypothesis, phenological recordings between 1989 and 2017 were matched with climate variables and analyzed using logistic time-series regression. Masting happened mostly on 2- or 3-year cycles. A strong predictor was mean daily rainfall in the dry season: low in the current year of masting and high in the year prior. Less strongly predictive was the increase in dry season radiation between prior and mast years. Masting events showed no relationship to annual stem increment, nor with local plantation yields. Later, the normally heavy mastings became moderate after two attacks by caterpillars. Collated studies of fallen leaf nutrient concentrations showed that P increased markedly, K rose and fell, but N and Mg changed little, in the inter-mast interval. P and K were likely being accumulated and stored and then triggered masting events when internal thresholds were crossed. The drier season prior to masting enabled a rise in C, and the wetter season the year before, with higher soil moisture, enabled better acquisition and uptake of nutrients by roots and mycorrhizas. The main storage of P may be in bark and branches, that for K on soil organic-colloids. A rooting-fruiting trade-off in C allocated over a minimal 2-year cycle is implied. The hypothesis is that synchrony among masting trees may be achieved, in part, by equilibration of P across the mycorrhizal network. The long-term driver appears to be the inherent year-to-year stochasticity of dry-season rainfall, the realization of which leads to an important refinement of the hypothesis. Life history strategy linked to nutrient resource dynamics provides a plausible explanation and more advanced hypothesis for the masting events observed.</p>
Fig. 1 in Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in tropical fruit trees in the eastern Amazon, Brazil
Fig. 1. Interactions between species of scale insects and parasitoids with the total number of interactions with each species of host plant (Jun 2014 to Aug 2015) at Maranhão Island, Maranhão, Brazil.
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5. Dendrogram of hierarchical standardized clustering based on the SØrensen similarity index of the studied fragments. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of the cluster is 0.89. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF. Fig. 6. Linkage tree analysis (LINKTREE) showing divisive clustering of fragments (F1–F5) from species compositions constrained by inequalities on one or more environmental variables. Only binary partitions of uncorrelated environmental variables are shown in the cluster. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF.
Data from: Determinants of tree cover in tropical floodplains
In uplands, water availability and fire limit tree cover, differentiating between tropical forest, savanna, and grassland biomes. In contrast, we know less about tropical floodplain tree cover determinants, although these habitats similarly include near-treeless grasslands, moderately treed savannas, and forests. Using GIS and remotely sensed data from 13 large tropical and sub-tropical floodplain ecosystems on five continents, we show that floodplain tree cover increases with climatic water balance (= rainfall - potential evapotranspiration) and decreases with frequent fire, as in uplands. Additionally, in floodplains, higher elevations and steeper slopes have higher tree cover, likely because these areas escape the worst inundation. Moreover, the effects of fire and topography are stronger in wetter regions. More prolonged and frequent flooding also reduce tree cover in climatically wetter floodplains but increase it in drier ones, although the effects are surprisingly weak compared to those of water balance, fire, and topography. Opposite to uplands, sandier soils have lower tree cover, likely because the benefits presented by deep tree roots in uplands are less important in floodplains with abundant water. While outright wetland conversion proceeds globally, floodplain tree cover faces other anthropogenic threats, like changing fire frequency and dam construction, especially in wet climates.
Native fauna interact differently with native and alien trees in a tropical megacity
<p>These data files contain data collected on the interaction of urban avian and mammalian pollinators in Bengaluru, India. These data were collected on 8 species each of native and alien tree species in the city. Animals interacting with the trees were observed from December 2019 to March 2020. The observations were made by two observers and classified into various categories like pollination, nectar theft, flower depredation or merely occupancy of the trees. Data on the various tree characteristics like the height and floral display sizes are also included. </p> <p>Apart from the files that summarise the raw data, here we have also uploaded R files that were used for the data analyses.</p> <p>Each of the fields in the dataset are explained in more detail in the annotation word file.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.