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8 results for “Typical steppe”
Decoupled responses of above- and below-ground beta-diversity to nitrogen enrichment in a typical steppe
<p>Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we do not know whether the effects of N on above-ground plant β-diversity are coupled with changes occurring in the soil seed bank. We conducted a long-term N-addition experiment in a typical steppe and found that above-ground β-diversity increased and then decreased with increasing N addition, whereas below-ground β-diversity decreased linearly. This suggests decoupled dynamics of plant communities and their soil seed bank under N enrichment. Species substitution determined above- and below-ground β-diversity change via an increasing role of deterministic processes with N addition. These effects were mostly driven by differential responses of the above-ground vegetation and the soil seed bank β-diversities to N-induced changes in environmental heterogeneity, increased soil inorganic N concentrations and soil acidification. Our findings highlight the importance of considering above- and below-ground processes simultaneously for effectively conserving grassland ecosystems under N enrichment.</p>
Response of species diversity and stability of typical steppe plant communities on the Mongolian Plateau to different grazing patterns
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Decoupled responses of above- and below-ground beta-diversity to nitrogen enrichment in a typical steppe
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Intra-annual species gain overrides species loss in determining species richness in a typical steppe ecosystem after a decade of nitrogen enrichment
<p>Increasing deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) due to accelerated human activities is a threat to various ecosystems. However, there is a lack of long-term experimental evidence demonstrating the seasonal dynamics of plant species turnover that ultimately determine species richness in natural ecosystems under N enrichment. Moreover, the frequency of N addition also may affect species turnover in a community, but it is rarely studied.</p> <p>To assess the responses of a plant community to N addition, we manipulated the amounts (0-50 g N m<sup>-2</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>) and frequency (2 vs. 12 times year<sup>-1</sup>) of N addition in an Inner Mongolian typical steppe ecosystem in northern China for 12 consecutive years (2008-2020). We measured species richness and density of plant in the growing seasons (May-September) from 2018 to 2020, starting 10 years after the initial N addition treatment.</p> <p>Both species gain and species loss decreased with increasing amounts of N addition, resulting in a lower plant species turnover rate and greater similarity in the community between two adjacent months throughout the growing season. Species loss and species gain increased modestly under high N addition frequency. Species gain was more important than species loss in determining species richness after a decade of N application. In addition, plant density increased at high N amounts, mainly driven by enhanced clonal growth of the dominant species, <em>Leymus chinensis</em>.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis</em></strong>. Together, these results suggest that high levels of N deposition may suppress species richness due to aggravated soil chemical properties and may favor growth of a limited number of N-tolerant species compared to systems that experience low levels of N deposition. To conserve biodiversity and to facilitate restoration of degraded grassland ecosystems exposed to long-term N deposition, amelioration of the acidified soils induced by N deposition may be an important strategy to use.</p>
Data from: Changes in plant, soil and microbes in a typical steppe from simulated grazing: explaining potential change in soil carbon
Grazing can directly or indirectly influence carbon (C) inputs, turnover, and retention in grassland soil. However, relative to the plant response to grazing, belowground biota and process responses are more complex and often do not correlate with the aboveground responses. Ungulate grazing involves three mechanisms - defoliation (removal of plant shoot tissue), dung and urine return, and trampling. An evaluation of the relative roles of these mechanisms and their combinations in grazing can explain the causes of changes in grassland, thereby explaining the soil carbon sequestration in a steppe ecosystem. In this study, we examined the changes in plants attributes, soil abiotic characteristics, and the soil microbial community in response to mowing (M), dung and urine addition (DU), simulated trampling (T), and their combinations by conducting a 3-year experiment in a steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. Most of the variation in the grazing effects on grassland was explained by defoliation through decreased plant production and soil respiration and altered vegetation composition. Dung and urine return was second to defoliation in explaining grazing effects on grassland, and lead to increasing plant C inputs to the soil, while simultaneously potential loss of soil C due to the increase of the abundance of bacteria and soil respiration, eventually accelerated soil C cycling. An interaction between defoliation and trampling on microbial growth was observed in our study: trampling increased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, and AMF only in the no-mowing plots. Trampling led to plant allocation to the belowground tissues and increased the abundance of fungi and AMF, which is critical for soil carbon sequestration, and trampling with defoliation further decreased the abundance of soil microbes, which may decelerate soil C cycling and increase its retention time. These results indicate that defoliation and dung and urine return play major roles in explaining grazing effects on grassland systems, including plant, soil, and microbe parameters examined, but the trampling effects and the interaction between defoliation and trampling are the two key factors that contribute to explaining the overall effects of grazing on soil carbon sequestration in a typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia.
Intra-annual species gain overrides species loss in determining species richness in a typical steppe ecosystem after a decade of nitrogen enrichment
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Data from: Changes in plant, soil and microbes in a typical steppe from simulated grazing: explaining potential change in soil carbon
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Data from: N balance and cycling of Inner Mongolia typical steppe - a comprehensive case study of grazing effects
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