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6 results for “U.S. Greenhouse Gas”
Gridded EPA U.S. Anthropogenic Methane Greenhouse Gas Inventory (gridded GHGI)
<h2><strong>About</strong></h2><p>The gridded EPA U.S. anthropogenic methane greenhouse gas inventory (gridded methane GHGI) includes spatially and temporally resolved (gridded) maps of annual anthropogenic methane emissions (0.1°×0.1°) for the contiguous United States (CONUS). Total gridded methane emissions for each emission source sector are consistent with national annual U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions reported in the U.S. EPA <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks"><i>Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks</i></a> (U.S. GHGI). More information is available on the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/gridded-methane-emissions">U.S. EPA website</a>. </p><p>This repository accompanies the peer-reviewed manuscript <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c05138"><i>Maasakkers, et al., 2023</i></a>. Data in this repository are an update to the gridded GHGI version 1, previously described in <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b02878"><i>Maasakkers, et al., 2016</i></a> and available on the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/gridded-2012-methane-emissions">U.S. EPA website</a>. </p><h4><strong>This repository contains two data products:</strong></h4><ol><li><strong>Gridded GHGI v2 (main product; 2 file types). </strong>Gridded annual U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions for 2012-2018 for 26 source categories (gridded GHGI). This dataset is developed to be consistent with the national U.S. GHGI published in 2020 (<i>U.S. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020, EPA 430-R-22-003, </i><a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2018"><i>https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2018</i></a>).<br><br>This dataset includes 2 file types: <br>a. Annual methane emission fluxes for 26 inventory source categories. Files contain one year of emissions per source category and include a time dimension variable to make the data suitable (COARDS-compliant) for atmospheric models.<br> (Dimensions: latitude x longitude x time; units: molecules CH4 cm-2 s-1):<br><i> - Gridded_GHGI_Methane_v2_YYYY.nc</i><br><br>b. Monthly emission scaling factors for inventory source categories with strong interannual variability (see 'Data Details' below). To use these factors to calculate absolute monthly methane emission fluxes, multiply the scaling factors for each relevant source category by the corresponding emission fluxes in the annual flux files.<br> (Dimensions: latitude x longitude x month; units: dimensionless): <br> - <i>Gridded_GHGI_Methane_v2_Monthly_Scale_Factors_YYYY.nc</i><br> </li><li><strong>Gridded GHGI v2 Express Extension (1 file type).</strong> The v2 Express Extension includes gridded annual U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions for 2012-2020 for 27 source categories (one additional source category compared to the main v2 dataset above). This dataset is developed to be consistent with total methane emissions from the U.S. GHGI published in 2022 (<i>EPA (2022) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-22-003. </i><a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/draft-inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissionsand-sinks-1990-2020"><i>https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/draft-inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissionsand-sinks-1990-2020</i></a><i>)</i>. <br><br><i>**Note**:</i><strong> </strong>This dataset is <strong>not</strong> a full update to the main gridded GHGI v2 product. To quickly incorporate more recent national methane emission estimates into gridded products, national methane emissions from a more recent U.S. GHGI were spatially allocated (i.e., gridded) using the annual source-specific spatial emission patterns developed for the 2012-2018 main v2 product. Emissions for years 2019 and 2020 were allocated using 2018 spatial patterns.<br><br>This dataset includes 1 file type:<br>a. Annual emission files<br> (Dimensions: latitude x longitude x time; units: molecules CH4 cm-2 s-1):<br> - <i>Express_Extension_Gridded_GHGI_Methane_v2_YYYY.nc</i></li></ol><p><i>--------------------------------------------------</i></p>
Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.
<p>Dataset used in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=oa_20231214&utm_content=10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0#citeas">Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates</a>.</p> <p>The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocatière: 47°22'24.7"N 70°03'26.3"W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29°33'47.3"N 90°04'22.8"W and 29°29'52.2"N 89°55'00.2"W) from two vegetation types (<em>Sporobolus alterniflorus</em> formerly known as <em>Spartina alterniflora </em>and<em> Sporobolus pumilus</em> formerly known as<em> Spartina patens</em>). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21<sup>st</sup> July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10<sup>th</sup> August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including <em>in-situ</em> soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d<sup>13</sup>C and soil d<sup>15</sup>N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1).</p> <p>Stable <sup>15</sup>N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‑ </sup>for denitrification rates and one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 ℃ and 28.1 ℃ for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.0 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 2.9 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.5 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 0.5 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 7.3 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>and 5.7 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.8 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> mg g wet soil<sup>-1</sup> for Quebec <em>S. alterniflorus</em>, Quebec <em>S. pumilus</em>, Louisiana <em>S. alterniflorus</em> and Louisiana <em>S. pumilus</em>, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 ℃) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>) and <sup>15</sup>N in denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub>O, denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub> and nitrification-derived N­<sub>2</sub>O.</p> <p>Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer. Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N.</p> <p>N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler (Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH<sub>4</sub> analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N<sub>2</sub>O analysis. CO<sub>2</sub> was methanised to CH<sub>4</sub> before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was < 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N<sub>2</sub>O, 72 ppb CH<sub>4 </sub>and 31 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The <sup>15</sup>N content of the N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d<sup>15</sup>N < 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 MΩ, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l<sup>-1</sup> and 10 mg l<sup>-1</sup> standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and ±0.3 mg C l<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.5 and ±0.3 mg N l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of ±5 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO­<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l<sup>-1</sup> and accuracy of ±6 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was < 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was < 0.06 % for both d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.</p>
Data and code for "Meeting U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Goals with the International Air Pollution Provision of the Clean Air Act"
<p>For the files and data associated with the Yuan et al. 2022 "Meeting U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Goals with the International Air Pollution Provision of the Clean Air Act"</p> <p>Description: Data/code used in energy-economic impacts and health impacts analysis.</p> <p>Directory contents:</p> <p><strong>Energy Economic Impacts</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Code </strong>used for producing figures and data tables <ul> <li>'paperFigs_March2022.Rmd' contains the R code used for data analysis and visualization in the paper. (<em>The code runs with R v4.0.0, RStudio v1.4.1106, and the following packages: scales_1.1.1, ggpubr_0.4.0, cowplot_1.1.0, readxl_1.3.1, here_0.1, forcats_0.5.0, stringr_1.4.0, dplyr_1.0.4, purrr_0.3.4, readr_1.3.1, tidyr_1.1.0, tibble_3.0.6, ggplot2_3.3.4, and tidyverse_1.3.0.</em>)</li> <li>'ERL_Figure4.py' contains the Python code used for generating Figure 4 in the paper</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Table</strong>: data tables for figures in the paper and supplementary materials</li> <li><strong>Figure</strong>: figures in the paper and supplementary materials</li> <li><strong>Data</strong>: USREP-ReEDS results and data from other sources <ul> <li>'rrpt_subset.csv' contains the portions of the ReEDS output from February 26, 2021 that are necessary to create the figures in the paper.</li> <li>'urpt_subset.csv' contains the portions of the USREP output from February 26, 2021 that are necessary to create the figures in the paper.</li> <li>'urpt_welfare_subset.csv' contains more detailed USREP welfare output from February 26, 2021.</li> <li>'cooper_pop_proj.csv' contains U.S. population projections from the University of Virginia Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service published in 2018.</li> <li>'carbon_price_comparison.csv' contains data from other recent carbon pricing studies, as described in supplementary materials G.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Health Impacts</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>analysis</strong>: <ul> <li><strong>lib</strong>: annotated code library, which loads raw data from the root data folder and conducts health impacts analysis</li> <li><strong>data</strong>: outputs <ul> <li><strong>inmap</strong>: spatial inputs/outputs for inmap</li> <li><strong>working</strong>: intermediate procssed output files</li> <li><strong>final</strong>: final health impacts results</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>data</strong>: raw data used in analysis <ul> <li><strong>working</strong>: processed intermediate raw data for faster loading in R</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be a part of the climate solution?
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Data from: Reported U.S. Wild Game Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Savings
<p>These two tables present raw data utilized to calculated greenhouse gas savings associated with hunting within the US. Appendix I shows the estimated numbers of "big game" animals legally harvested in each state and the mean yield from each species. Appendix II shows total number of migratory waterfowl harvested in the US and the mean yield for each species. Both of these tables refer to the paper "Reported US Wild Game Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Savings" published in Human Dimensions of Wildlife.</p>
Data from: Reported U.S. Wild Game Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Savings
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