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68 results for “UV radiation”
Bonanza Creek LTER: Hourly Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Measurements from 1988 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 1993, Eppley total UV radiometers (TUVR) were installed at each climate station on 21 April at LTER1 and 5 May at LTER2. These radiometers consist of a Weston selenium barrier-layer photoelectric cell with a sealed-in quartz window, a bandpass filter to restrict the wavelength response of the photcell to the designed range (295-385 nm), and a diffusing disc of Virgin Teflon to reduce the light intensity at the filtered photocell and also to improve the adherence of the instrument to the Lambert cosine law. The disc is nearly uniform diffusing over the wavelength range of interest, as well as geometrically within the system. The terminals of the photocell are connected through a precision resistor and the signal measured as a voltage drop across the resistor. Winter measurements may be inaccurate due to snow cover.
Lake Tahoe UV Radiation Profile data
UV and PAR profiles taken at Lake Tahoe, CA/NV. There are two sampling stations Index (LTP, 39.0972 -120.155) and Mid-lake (MLTP, 39.1417 -120.0153). See methods for details
Limnological data from nearly 400 lakes across the Americas and New Zealand with a focus on vertical profiles of temperature, UV radiation, and optical properties
Two and a half decades of limnological data have been collected from nearly 400 lakes, encompassing a wide range of systems and a broad range of geography. This data set comprises one of the largest and most complete sets of measurements of underwater ultraviolet (UV) transparency available in the world. The data include a suite of 36 variables, with a focus on the optical characteristics. Lakes range from pristine natural lakes to manmade reservoirs. The systems represented in this data set are largely located in North America, from the northeastern United States to Alaska, and alpine and subalpine lakes in the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada. Lakes included range from iconic Lake Tahoe, and Castle Lake in northern California, to lakes in the South American Patagonian region, as well as New Zealand. Data were most often collected during the summer, and in some lakes span multiple years (with year-round data since 2006 in Lake Tahoe). The data here are contained in four files, including LakeData.csv, SiteInformation.csv, Methods.csv, and Variables.csv. The main data are in LakeData.csv. SiteInformation.csv, Methods.csv, and Variables.csv support the main data file with descriptions of the sampling sites, methods by which samples were processed, and descriptions of the variables that were measured, respectively. This data set complements the site-intensive limnological data that we published in EDI on 30+ years of data from 3 lakes in the Poconos Mountains region of Pennsylvania, USA. This complementary data set can be accessed at https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=edi&identifier=186
Spectral Effects of Absorbing Aerosols on Backscattered UV Radiation
<p>Satellite measurements of backscattered UV radiation are sensitive to the presence of UV-absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere. These measurements are commonly used for determining the concentration of atmospheric trace gases such as O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>CO.</p> <p>The theoretical results in this dataset describe the effects of UV-absorbing mineral dust and carbonaceous smoke aerosols on these backscatter satellite measurements between 300-400 nm. The information provided is independent of any specific trace gas retrieval algorithm and does not require detailed a priori knowledge of aerosol and surface properties.</p> <p>The results are derived from the analysis of the radiative transfer model simulations performed with the optical property data used in the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) UV aerosol retrieval algorithm, OMAERUV. Results from this algorithm have been validated with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations (Jethva & Torres, 2011; Torres et al., 2018).</p> <p>This dataset is associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Jethva, H., Haffner, D., Bhartia, P. K., & Torres, O. (2022). Estimating Spectral Effects of Absorbing Aerosols on Backscattered UV Radiation, Earth Space Sci., Accepted.</p>
UV radiation accelerates litter decomposition in a valley-type savanna by enhancing microbial community diversity and function
<p><span>We present the data of the study by Gao et al. (202</span><span>4</span><span>): <a name="_Hlk179470571"></a><a name="OLE_LINK42"></a><strong><span>UV radiation accelerates litter decomposition in a valley-type savanna by enhancing microbial community diversity and function</span></strong></span><span>.</span><span> The excel file (Raw Data) includes the following sheets: 1- Radiation (w·m<sup>-2</sup>) variation of UV-A and UV-B during the experimental period. 2- Decay constants (<em>K</em>, yr<sup>−1</sup>) and changes in the mass loss rate of litter under different UV conditions during the experimental period<span>. 3- </span>The content of lignin, cellulose, C, N and P of litter under different UV conditions during the experimental period<span>. 4-</span></span><span> </span><span>16S ASVs under different UV conditions<span>. 5-</span></span><span> </span><span>ITS ASVs under different UV conditions.</span></p>
Daphnia magna trade-off safety from UV radiation for food
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Research on diel vertical migration (DVM) is generally conducted at the population level, whereas few studies have focused on how individual animals behaviorally respond to threats when also having access to foraging opportunities. We utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record the swimming behavior of <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the presence or absence of a food patch. We analyzed the vertical position of individuals before and during UVR exposure and found that the presence of food reduced the average swimming depth during both sections of the trial. Since UVR is a strong driver of zooplankton behavior, our results highlight that biotic factors, such as food patches, have profound effects on both the amplitude and the frequency of avoidance behavior. In a broader context, the trade-off between threats and food adds to our understanding of the strength and variance of behavioral responses to threats, including DVM.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Daphnia magna trade-off safety from UV radiation for food
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Pollen-chemistry variations along elevation gradients and their implications for a proxy for UV-B radiation in the plant-fossil record
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Spectrum of mutational signatures in T-cell lymphoma reveals a key role for UV radiation in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome
<p>T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) develop following transformation of tissue resident T-cells. We performed a meta-analysis of mutational catalogues derived from whole exome sequencing data from 403 patients with eight subtypes of T-cell NHL to identify mutational signatures and recurrent gene mutations associated with specific causal peaks within these signatures. Signature 1, indicative of age-related deamination, was prevalent across all T-cell NHL subtypes, reflecting the derivation of these malignancies from memory T-cell subsets. Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) was specifically associated with signature 17, which was found to strongly correlate with the IRF4 K59R mutation that is exclusive to ATLL. Signature 7, implicating UV exposure as a potential initiating factor was uniquely identified in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, contributing 52% of the mutational burden in mycosis fungoides and 23% in Sezary syndrome. Importantly this UV signature was observed in CD4+ T-cells isolated from blood suggesting extensive re-circulation of these T-cells through both skin and blood and strongly implicating a role for UV in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.</p>
Data from: UV radiation doubles microbial degradation of standing litter in a subtropical forest
<p><span>UV radiation has been recognized as a direct driver of litter decomposition by photodegrading organic matter in dryland ecosystems. </span><span>However, the importance and mechanism of UV radiation on litter decomposition, especially on standing litter, in humid forest ecosystems remain unclear. </span></p> <p><span>We conducted a factorial experiment in a humid subtropical forest gap, manipulating the effects of UV radiation on the decomposition of standing litter under different microbial conditions. </span></p> <p><span>After 366 days of standing incubation, under normal conditions (UV pass with microorganisms), up to 40.63% of the litter mass was lost. However, under a UV pass without microorganisms, litter mass loss was only 16.30%. Under a UV block, the mass loss of litter with microorganisms was 27.68% and that of litter without microorganisms was 15.54%. Without microorganisms, UV radiation had no significant effect on the mass loss of litter carbon. However, UV radiation increased the DOC concentration of litter. And in the presence of microorganisms, UV radiation contributed to an increased mass loss of lignin by 16.72% and of cellulose by 14.75%. No negative effects of UV radiation on microorganisms were observed. These results suggest that UV radiation increased the net mass loss of litter by 106.67%,</span> <span>and this doubling promotion was achieved through microbial degradation. </span></p> <p><strong><em><span>Synthesis</span></em></strong><span>. The increase in microbial degradation under UV radiation may be linked to the increased degradability of lignin and cellulose caused by photodegradation. Our study indicates that direct photodegradation by UV radiation could be weak in subtropical forests, but UV photofacilitation generates rapid turnover of carbon in this system.</span></p>
UV-radiated dissolved Co and Cu (dCo and dCu) along 30 deg E transect: GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise
<p>The data describes the depth profiles of seawater concentration of dCo and dCu (0.2 µm filtered) along the 30 deg E transect in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean. </p>
Does the egg capsule protect against chronic UV-B radiation? A study based on encapsulated and decapsulated embryos of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
<p>Although the egg capsule plays a crucial role in the embryonic development of cephalopods, its ability to protect embryos from Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is unknown. Our study evaluated the photoprotection mechanisms of <em>Sepia officinalis</em> to UV-B radiation and estimated the ability of the black capsule to act as a physical shield against it. Embryos with (BC) and without capsule (WC) and juveniles were exposed to four experimental UVB conditions for 55 days. The effects of different UVB doses were evaluated in terms of morphological abnormalities and differences in gene expression between each group. We observed that the development might be severely impaired in embryos exposed to UVB without capsule protection and these effects were time- and UVB-dose-dependent. In addition, we found variations in gene expression levels (light-sensitive, stress response, and DNA repair) in different tissues as a function of UVB doses. We suggest a relationship between morphological abnormalities and the limit of molecular regulation. These results suggest that the quantitative differences in expression are essential for defining the survivability of the embryo face to UVB. Thus, we demonstrated that the egg capsule could ensure successful embryonic development of the cuttlefish <em>S. officinalis</em> even at high doses of UVB.</p>
Does the egg capsule protect against chronic UV-B radiation? A study based on encapsulated and decapsulated embryos of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
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Spectrum of mutational signatures in T-cell lymphoma reveals a key role for UV radiation in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome
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Data from: UV radiation doubles microbial degradation of standing litter in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Divergence in DNA photorepair efficiency among genotypes from contrasting UV radiation environments in nature
Populations of organisms routinely face abiotic selection pressures, and a central goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of adaptive phenotypes. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of earth's most pervasive environmental stressors, potentially damaging DNA in any organism exposed to solar radiation. We explored mechanisms underlying differential survival following UVR exposure in genotypes of the water flea Daphnia melanica derived from natural ponds of differing in UVR intensity. The UVR tolerance of a D. melanica genotype from a high-UVR habitat depended on the presence of visible and UV-A light wavelengths necessary for photoenzymatic repair of DNA damage, a repair pathway widely shared across the tree of life. We then measured the acquisition and repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, the primary form of UVR-caused DNA damage, in D. melanica DNA following experimental UVR exposure. We demonstrate that genotypes from high-UVR habitats repair DNA damage faster than genotypes from low-UVR habitats in the presence of visible and UV-A radiation necessary for photoenzymatic repair, but not in dark treatments. Because differences in repair rate only occurred in the presence of visible and UV-A radiation, we conclude that differing rates of DNA repair, and therefore differential UVR tolerance, are a consequence of variation in photoenzymatic repair efficiency. We then rule out a simple gene expression hypothesis for the molecular basis of differing repair efficiency, as expression of the CPD photolyase gene photorepair did not differ among D. melanica lineages, both in the presence and absence of UVR.
Data from: UV-B radiation interacts with temperature to determine animal performance
The interaction between UV-B and temperature can modify the effects of climate variability on animal function because UV-B and increasing temperatures may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and thereby impair animal performance. However, antioxidant enzyme activities are also increased at higher temperatures, which could counteract negative effects of increased ROS. Conversely, UV-B exposure at lower temperature can exacerbate the effects of ROS because of lower antioxidant enzyme activities. Phenotypes can be plastic to compensate for potentially negative environmental effects. Plasticity may be induced by conditions experienced during pre- or early post-zygotic development, and it may occur reversibly within adult organisms (acclimation). Developmental plasticity and acclimation may interact to determine phenotypes in variable environments. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased antioxidant enzyme activities are insufficient to alleviate the interactive effects of UV-B and increased temperature on mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Additionally, we tested whether developmental conditions influenced the capacity for acclimation to UV-B and temperature so that cohorts born in summer at high UV-B and temperature conditions are better able to compensate for ROS damage compared to cohorts born in winter. We exposed mosquitofish to UV-B and control (no-UV-B) at different acclimation temperatures (18, 28 and 32 °C), and measured responses acutely at 18, 28 and 32 °C in a fully factorial design. In fish born in summer, UV-B had significant negative effects on swimming performance and resting metabolic rate at both low (18 °C) and high (32 °C) acclimation temperatures, which were accompanied by higher ROS-induced damage. At their average temperature experienced naturally (28 °C), fish born in summer were not affected by UV-B and showed lower damage and higher antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the other acclimation temperatures. In contrast, swimming performance of winter-caught fish was negatively affected by UV-B at all acclimation temperatures, which was paralleled by higher ROS-induced damage and antioxidant enzyme activities that did not acclimate. However, metabolic scope was not reduced by UV-B or temperature in any of the cohorts. Our results showed that developmental conditions modify the capacity for acclimation later in life, and that the interaction between developmental and acclimation conditions can increase the resilience of animals to environmental variability. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of acclimation, and for predictions of how climate change affects animal performance.
Quantitative proteomics reveals Populus cathayana males are more responsive to solar UV-B radiation than females
<p>This data set provides the detailed information of total identified proteins in P. cathayana males and females under UV-B radiation in our experiment. To investigate the changes in the protein profiles in response to solar UV-B radiation, proteins were extracted from the poplar leaves and analyzed using an iTRAQ-based shotgun proteomics strategy. Using the Mascot search engine, a total of 6091 peptides from the trypsin-digested proteins were identified; of these, 5210 peptides were unique. A total of 2405 proteins were identified.</p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to distinct UV-B radiation
<p>This data set provides the detailed information of total identified proteins in <em>P. cathayana </em>males and females under UV-B radiation in our experiment. To investigate the changes in the protein profiles in response to solar UV-B radiation, proteins were extracted from the poplar leaves and analyzed using an iTRAQ-based shotgun proteomics strategy.</p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to high UV-B radiation
<p>Raw data for proteomic analysis in the manuscript "Different proteome profiles between male and female<em> Populus </em>exposed to high UV-B radiation".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.