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86 results for “UV-B”
Pollen-chemistry variations along elevation gradients and their implications for a proxy for UV-B radiation in the plant-fossil record
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Dataset of paper "Removal of diclofenac by UV-B and UV-C light-emitting diodes (LEDs) driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Wavelength dependence, kinetic modelling and energy consumption"
<p>Dataset of paper "Removal of diclofenac by UV-B and UV-C light-emitting diodes (LEDs) driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Wavelength dependence, kinetic modelling and energy consumption"</p> <ul> <li>Molar absorption coefficient of the DCF (pH 7.2), FC (pH 8.5), and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (pH 6.5) in the wavelength range of 200-400 nm. </li> <li>Time-based and UV fluence-based kinetic constant and synergy factor for the DCF degradation.</li> <li>Diclofenac degradation fitted by the proposed models (UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and UV/FC).</li> <li>Oxidant degradation fitted by the proposed models (UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and UV/FC).</li> </ul>
Does the egg capsule protect against chronic UV-B radiation? A study based on encapsulated and decapsulated embryos of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
<p>Although the egg capsule plays a crucial role in the embryonic development of cephalopods, its ability to protect embryos from Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is unknown. Our study evaluated the photoprotection mechanisms of <em>Sepia officinalis</em> to UV-B radiation and estimated the ability of the black capsule to act as a physical shield against it. Embryos with (BC) and without capsule (WC) and juveniles were exposed to four experimental UVB conditions for 55 days. The effects of different UVB doses were evaluated in terms of morphological abnormalities and differences in gene expression between each group. We observed that the development might be severely impaired in embryos exposed to UVB without capsule protection and these effects were time- and UVB-dose-dependent. In addition, we found variations in gene expression levels (light-sensitive, stress response, and DNA repair) in different tissues as a function of UVB doses. We suggest a relationship between morphological abnormalities and the limit of molecular regulation. These results suggest that the quantitative differences in expression are essential for defining the survivability of the embryo face to UVB. Thus, we demonstrated that the egg capsule could ensure successful embryonic development of the cuttlefish <em>S. officinalis</em> even at high doses of UVB.</p>
Supplemental data for the publication: "The Role of Vitamin D in Emiliania huxleyi: A Microalgal Perspective on UV-B Exposure"
<p>The following table contains raw transcriptomic data of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP3266 grown under continuous UV radiation or control conditions for 7, 10, and 13 days, obtained using the MARS-seq protocol (Keren-Shaul H. et al. 2013)</p> <p>Column A - Gene ID (Sperfeld M. et al. 2023)<br> Column B - NCBI accession number<br> Columns C - T: raw read counts<br> Columns U - AL: normalized read counts<br> Columns AM - BD: rlog transform read counts<br> Columns BE - FB: Every 6 columns represent differential expression data between two treatments (time point or UV/nonUV)<br> Columns FC - FK: Functional annotations automatically generated, as previously described (Sperfeld M. et al. 2023)</p>
Supplemental data for the publication: "The Role of Vitamin D in Emiliania huxleyi: A Microalgal Perspective on UV-B Exposure"
<p>The following table contains raw transcriptomic data of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP3266 grown under continuous UV radiation or control conditions for 7, 10, and 13 days, obtained using the MARS-seq protocol (Keren-Shaul H. et al. 2013)</p> <p>Column A: E. huxleyi CCMP3266 gene locus IDs<br> Column B: E. huxleyi CCMP3266 representative gene transcripts<br> Columns C: Best matching transcripts in E. huxleyi CCMP1516<br> Columns D - U: Raw read counts<br> Columns V - AM: DESew2 normalized read counts<br> Columns AN - BE: rlog transformed read counts.<br> Columns BF - FC: Each block of 6 columns represents the results of the differential gene expression analysis between two treatments (time point or UV/nonUV).<br> Columns FD - FJ: Functional annotations </p>
The Effect of Oral Vitamin D Versus Narrow-Band UV-B Exposure on the Lipid Profile
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01688102. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Does the egg capsule protect against chronic UV-B radiation? A study based on encapsulated and decapsulated embryos of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
UV Litter Decomposition: The role of photodegradation in surface litter decomposition in grasslands along UV-B gradient
Process-based models of plant litter decomposition typically underestimate the rates of decomposition in arid and semi-arid grasslands. Recent research, including our field studies, suggests that photodegradation, the decomposition of material through solar radiation, may play an important role in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. The contribution of photodegradation to overall rates of decomposition is not well understood or quantified. The goal of this project is to investigate the effects of ultraviolet radiation on rates of plant litter decomposition for two grass species, Andropogon gerardii and Bouteloua gracilis, in three grassland sites: Cedar Creek (MN), Shortgrass Steppe (CO), and Sevilleta (NM).
Data from: Parental exposure modulates the effects of UV-B on offspring in guppies
1.The environment experienced by parents can alter offspring phenotypes. Such developmental plasticity is beneficial when it optimises offspring responses to their prevailing environment. Plasticity may be detrimental, however, if there is a mismatch between parental and offspring environments, although reversible acclimation within individuals could counteract a developmental mismatch. 2.UV-B radiation damages cells directly and by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. There are indications that the developmental environment can influence ROS defences, which could enhance performance and fitness. Additionally, animals exposed to UV-B can acclimate to increase their antioxidant defences and thereby reduce ROS-induced damage. Our aim was to test experimentally whether there are transgenerational effects of UV-B exposure. We tested the hypothesis that parental exposure to UV-B modulates offspring ROS defence mechanisms to reduce the negative effects of UV-B in offspring. 3.In a fully factorial experiment, we show that exposing guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to UV-B increased the resilience of their offspring to the negative effects of UV-B. When exposed to UV-B, offspring from parents also exposed to UV-B had significantly greater sustained swimming performance compared to controls. Higher swimming performance was paralleled by increased catalase activity and glutathione concentrations, and reduced ROS-induced damage to membranes and proteins. There was no effect of parental exposure to UV-B on offspring superoxide dismutase activity, resting and active metabolic rates, or offspring size. However, parental exposure to UV-B increased damage to proteins and infection rates by white spot fungus in control (no UV-B) offspring. 4.Our results showed that UV-B acts as a signal that can induce developmental modification of phenotypes. Transgenerational matching of offspring phenotypes is likely to have a fitness advantage in environments exposed to UV-B. However, the trade-off between the beneficial effects of parental UV-B exposure on offspring performance when exposed to UV-B, and the increased susceptibility to infection and protein damage when offspring are not exposed to UV-B can be important in determining the resilience of populations in variable and modified environments.
Data from: UV-B radiation interacts with temperature to determine animal performance
The interaction between UV-B and temperature can modify the effects of climate variability on animal function because UV-B and increasing temperatures may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and thereby impair animal performance. However, antioxidant enzyme activities are also increased at higher temperatures, which could counteract negative effects of increased ROS. Conversely, UV-B exposure at lower temperature can exacerbate the effects of ROS because of lower antioxidant enzyme activities. Phenotypes can be plastic to compensate for potentially negative environmental effects. Plasticity may be induced by conditions experienced during pre- or early post-zygotic development, and it may occur reversibly within adult organisms (acclimation). Developmental plasticity and acclimation may interact to determine phenotypes in variable environments. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased antioxidant enzyme activities are insufficient to alleviate the interactive effects of UV-B and increased temperature on mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Additionally, we tested whether developmental conditions influenced the capacity for acclimation to UV-B and temperature so that cohorts born in summer at high UV-B and temperature conditions are better able to compensate for ROS damage compared to cohorts born in winter. We exposed mosquitofish to UV-B and control (no-UV-B) at different acclimation temperatures (18, 28 and 32 °C), and measured responses acutely at 18, 28 and 32 °C in a fully factorial design. In fish born in summer, UV-B had significant negative effects on swimming performance and resting metabolic rate at both low (18 °C) and high (32 °C) acclimation temperatures, which were accompanied by higher ROS-induced damage. At their average temperature experienced naturally (28 °C), fish born in summer were not affected by UV-B and showed lower damage and higher antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the other acclimation temperatures. In contrast, swimming performance of winter-caught fish was negatively affected by UV-B at all acclimation temperatures, which was paralleled by higher ROS-induced damage and antioxidant enzyme activities that did not acclimate. However, metabolic scope was not reduced by UV-B or temperature in any of the cohorts. Our results showed that developmental conditions modify the capacity for acclimation later in life, and that the interaction between developmental and acclimation conditions can increase the resilience of animals to environmental variability. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of acclimation, and for predictions of how climate change affects animal performance.
Quantitative proteomics reveals Populus cathayana males are more responsive to solar UV-B radiation than females
<p>This data set provides the detailed information of total identified proteins in P. cathayana males and females under UV-B radiation in our experiment. To investigate the changes in the protein profiles in response to solar UV-B radiation, proteins were extracted from the poplar leaves and analyzed using an iTRAQ-based shotgun proteomics strategy. Using the Mascot search engine, a total of 6091 peptides from the trypsin-digested proteins were identified; of these, 5210 peptides were unique. A total of 2405 proteins were identified.</p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to distinct UV-B radiation
<p>This data set provides the detailed information of total identified proteins in <em>P. cathayana </em>males and females under UV-B radiation in our experiment. To investigate the changes in the protein profiles in response to solar UV-B radiation, proteins were extracted from the poplar leaves and analyzed using an iTRAQ-based shotgun proteomics strategy.</p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to high UV-B radiation
<p>Raw data for proteomic analysis in the manuscript "Different proteome profiles between male and female<em> Populus </em>exposed to high UV-B radiation".</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Hock M, Beckmann M, Hofmann RW, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A (2015) Effects of UV-B radiation on germination characteristics in invasive plants in New Zealand. NeoBiota 26: 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.26.4405
Seed origins and population locations: Explanation note: Overview on seed origins of the study species and locations of the populations used in the experiment. Numbers in brackets indicate the number of populations within the respective group. DE = Germany, NZ = New Zealand, ES = Spain, NL = The Netherlands.
Transcriptional differentiation of UV-B protectant genes in maize landraces spanning an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico
Globally, farmers cultivate and maintain crop landraces (i.e., traditional varieties). Landraces contain unique diversity shaped in part by natural and human-mediated selection and are an indispensable resource to farmers. Since environmental conditions change with elevation, crop landraces grown along elevational gradients have provided ideal locations to explore patterns of local adaptation. To further probe traits underlying this differentiation, transcriptome signatures can help provide a foundation for understanding the ways in which functional genetic diversity may be shaped by environment. In this study, we returned to an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico, to assess transcriptional differentiation of genes underlying UV-B protection in locally adapted maize landraces from multiple elevations. We collected and planted landraces from three elevational zones (lowland, approximately 600 m; midland, approximately 1,550 m; highland approximately 2,100 m) in a common garden at 1,531 m. Using RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue, we performed differential expression analysis between maize from these distinct elevations. Highland and lowland landraces displayed differential expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes involved in the production of UV-B protectants and did so at a rate greater than expected based on observed background transcriptional differentiation across the genome. These findings provide evidence for the differentiation of suites of genes involved in complex ecologically relevant pathways. Thus, while neutral evolutionary processes may have played a role in the observed patterns of differentiation, UV-B may have also acted as a selective pressure to differentiate maize landraces in the region. Studies of the distribution of functional crop genetic diversity across variable landscapes can aid us in understanding the response of diversity to abiotic/biotic change and, ultimately, may facilitate its conservation and utilization.
Fig. 2. A in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids
Fig. 2. A - Variation in reduced (AsA) and oxidized ascorbate (DHA), B - AsA redox state (AsA/DHA), C - reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and D - and glutathione redox potential (GSH/GSSG) in leaves of O. europaea plants under control conditions and exposed to UV-B treatments (UV–B1 and UV-B2). Values are mean ± s.d. (n = 6–8). For each parameter, different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments (P <0.05) base on Holms Sidak Comparison Test.
Fig. 2 in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids
Fig. 2 presents the changes of AsA, DHA, GSH and GSSG, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in O. europaea leaves after UV-B exposure. Compared with controls, plants exposed to UV-B1 had decreased levels of both AsA and DHA, which led to a maintenance of the AsA/DHA ratio (P> 0.05, Fig. 2A and B). Contrarily, GSH levels decreased while the GSSG increased significantly, decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio (P <0.05, Fig. 2C and D). Plants exposed to UV-B2 showed an increase of DHA and, mostly, of AsA pools, which led to an increase of the AsA/DHA ratio (P <0.05, Fig. 2A and B). On other hand GSH levels also increased but GSSG was not influenced, which supported the increase of GSH/GSSG (P <0.05, Fig. 2C and D).
Fig. 3. A in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids
Fig. 3. A - secoiridoids, B - flavonoids, and C - hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in leaves of O. europaea plants under control conditions and exposed to UV-B treatments (UV–B1 and UV-B2). Values are mean ± s.d. (n = 3). For each compound, different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments (P <0.05) base on Holms Sidak Comparison Test.
Fig. 4 in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids
Fig. 4. General overview of the metabolites and antioxidant enzymes changes in O. europaea plants under UV-B doses: moderate (UV–B1) and high (UV–B2). Relative levels [expressed as log2 (UV–B/control)] are given besides (two colored rectangles) each identified metabolite/compound or enzyme activity as a heat-map, and the upper colored rectangle refers to UV-B1 treatment while the lower one refer to the UV-B2 treatment. Protective responses in O. europaea involve the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms to control ROS (namely H2O2) homeostasis, but the enzymatic and AsA/GSH pools are more required by higher UV doses, while polyphenols pathways are similarly solicited by both treatments. UV-B1 treatment increases SOD, CAT and GPox activities and GSSG content, reducing Gr and APX activities and the contents of AsA, DHA and GSH. UV-B2 treatment, besides SOD, CAT and GPox activation, also increases Gr activity and the contents of AsA, DHA and GSH. Flavonoids (4ʹ or 3ʹ-methoxy luteolin glucoside and 4ʹ-methoxy luteolin decrease), secoiridoids (oleuropein decrease and 2ʹʹ- methoxyoleuropein increase) and HCAds (β-hydroxyverbascoside increase) respond similarly to both UV-B doses, putatively acting as UV-B shields and/or ROS scavengers.
Fig. 8 in Melatonin mitigates UV-B stress via regulating oxidative stress response, cellular redox and alternative electron sinks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 8. Accumulation of UV-B absorbing compounds extractable with acidic methanol. Values obtained from absorbance measurements between 280 and 330 nm with 10 nm intervals were used to draw the curves. The area below each curve was used as an indicator of UV-B absorbing capacity.
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