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49 results for “Ultraviolet radiation”
Bonanza Creek LTER: Hourly Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Measurements from 1988 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 1993, Eppley total UV radiometers (TUVR) were installed at each climate station on 21 April at LTER1 and 5 May at LTER2. These radiometers consist of a Weston selenium barrier-layer photoelectric cell with a sealed-in quartz window, a bandpass filter to restrict the wavelength response of the photcell to the designed range (295-385 nm), and a diffusing disc of Virgin Teflon to reduce the light intensity at the filtered photocell and also to improve the adherence of the instrument to the Lambert cosine law. The disc is nearly uniform diffusing over the wavelength range of interest, as well as geometrically within the system. The terminals of the photocell are connected through a precision resistor and the signal measured as a voltage drop across the resistor. Winter measurements may be inaccurate due to snow cover.
Data and code release for Carleton, Cornetet, Huybers, Meng & Proctor (PNAS, 2020), "Global evidence for ultraviolet radiation decreasing COVID-19 growth rates"
<p>This upload contains all replication material for "Global evidence for ultraviolet radiation decreasing COVID-19 growth rates" (PNAS, 2020). Please note that previous versions of this upload provided data and code for the pre-print version of the article, which changed somewhat through the peer review process. </p> <p><strong>Authors:</strong> Tamma Carleton, Jules Cornetet, Peter Huybers, Kyle C. Meng, Jonathan Proctor.</p> <p><strong>Code is located within CCHMP_covid_climate_code_release.zip</strong>, and is written in R, Stata, and Matlab. The working directory should be set to the repository folder at the top of each script (all other filepaths are relative).</p> <p>Please find the code needed to replicate the main findings of the paper described below:</p> <ul> <li>Plots of data: R and Stata scripts to make figures 1B, 2A/B/C, S1, S2, and S3, can be found within “code/analysis/data_plots/”.</li> <li>Regression analysis: Stata scripts to run the distributed lag regressions and plot the results in figures 2, 3C, S5, S6, S7, S8, S10, and S14, as well as Table S1, can be found within “code/analysis/regressions/”. R scripts for data analysis and plotting for figures 3A/B and S9 are also within "code/analysis/regressions/".</li> <li>Seasonal simulations: R and Stata scripts to replicate the seasonal simulation shown in figures 4, S4 and S11 can be found within “code/analysis/seasonal_sim/”.</li> <li>SEIR simulations: Matlab scripts to replicate the SEIR simulations shown in figures S12 and S13 can be found within “code/analysis/SEIR/”.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data are located within CCHMP_covid_climate_data_release.zip.</strong></p>
Sunburned plankton: Ultraviolet radiation inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Community Earth System Model version 2
<p>Climate model output for paper describing CESM2-UVphyto.</p>
Fitness cost from fluctuating ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important environmental threat for organisms in aquatic systems, but its temporally variable nature makes the understanding of its effects ambiguous. The aim of our study was to assess potential fitness costs associated with fluctuating UVR in the aquatic zooplankter <i>Daphnia magna</i>. We investigated individual survival, reproduction and behaviour when exposed to different UVR treatments. Individuals exposed to fluctuating UVR, resembling natural variations in cloud cover, had the lowest fitness (measured as the number of offspring produced during their lifespan). In contrast, individuals exposed to the same, but constant UVR dose, had similar fitness as control individuals (not exposed to UVR), but they showed a significant reduction in daily movement. The re-occurring threat response to the fluctuating UVR treatment thus had strong fitness costs for <i>D. magna</i>, and we found no evidence for plastic behavioural responses when continually being exposed to UVR, despite the regular, predictable exposure schedule. In a broader context, our results imply that depending on how variable a stressor is in nature, populations may respond with alternative strategies, a framework that could promote rapid population differentiation and local adaptation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fitness cost from fluctuating ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
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A database of 10 km Ultraviolet Radiation Product over mainland China: 2005-2020
<ul> <li>Data products with a 10km spatial resolution across mainland China for the years 2005-2020 were generated using a random forest model, incorporating ground UV radiation measurements, satellite remote sensing data, and re-analysis dataset. The R<sup>2</sup> (root mean square error, RMSE) was 0.97 (15.64 W m<sup>-2</sup>) for model development and 0.83 (37.44 W m<sup>-2</sup>) for overall 10-fold cross-validation at daily level, demonstrating high accuracy of the product.</li> <li>The data is formatted as CSV files. </li> </ul>
Ancestral environment determines the current reaction to ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
<p><span>An individual's phenotype can be altered by direct contact with its present environment but also by environmental features experienced by previous generations, i.e. parental or grandparental effects. However, the strength and direction of these transgenerational effects may be highly variable according to the ecological conditions experienced by ancestral generations. Here we performed a reciprocal split-brood experiment to compare transgenerational responses to the threat of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the zooplankter <em>Daphnia magna</em>, which had, or had not, been exposed to UVR for more than 150 generations, respectively. We found that the environment at which parents and grandparents were reared significantly influenced both behavior and life-history traits of their descendants. However, such transgenerational responses </span><span>differed between <em>D. magna</em> individuals with contrasting ancestral stress history</span><span>, that is, when exposed to UVR previously unexposed individuals rapidly changed their behavior and life-history traits, whereas individuals previously exposed to UVR showed less pronounced response when the UVR threat level relaxed. Hence, we here demonstrate an asymmetric transgenerational plasticity in response to UVR threat. The findings advance our understanding on the evolutionary ecology of such transgenerational effects and their potential role in response to changes in the local environment.</span></p>
Melanoma of the Skin and Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at Work in Modena Territory: a Case-control Study to Promote an Active Search and Prevention of Occupational Diseases Based on Recent I
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07251335. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Data from: Living in flowing water increases resistance to ultraviolet B radiation
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Ancestral environment determines the current reaction to ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
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Data from: Ultraviolet B radiation alters movement and thermal selection of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Temperature and ultraviolet B (UV-B) interact in causing cellular damage and impairing locomotor performance. Here, we test the hypothesis that movement and thermal selection of zebrafish (Danio rerio) change in the presence of UV-B, and in particular, that fish which were chronically exposed to UV-B avoid high and low temperature extremes to maximize activities of antioxidant enzymes. Fish chronically (two to three weeks) exposed to UV-B had increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage to proteins and membranes, and reduced swimming performance at high (more than 26°C) temperatures. In an open field arena with a thermal gradient, chronically exposed fish avoided high and low temperature extremes compared with control fish. Additionally, both control and chronically exposed fish showed slower voluntary swimming speeds in the presence of UV-B. We suggest that in the presence of UV-B fish may reduce muscular activity to minimize intrinsic ROS production. Our data show that the interaction between UV-B and temperature determines movement and microhabitat selection of fish, which is therefore of ecological importance particularly in anthropogenically modified environments.
Decreased ultraviolet radiation and decomposer biodiversity inhibit litter decomposition under continuous nitrogen inputs
<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has altered biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. As a key process involved in carbon and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, litter decomposition is sensitive to external N inputs. However, it remains unclear how the interactions of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and invertebrates) and conventional drivers (e.g., litter chemistry and microbial activities) regulate the responses of litter decomposition to continuous N inputs.</p> <p>Based on an N-addition experimental platform, we conducted a two-year litter decomposition experiment to examine the relative importance of N-induced changes in biotic and abiotic factors in mediating changes in the decomposition rates of four litter types (three representative species and their mixture) along an experimental N gradient in a Tibetan alpine steppe.</p> <p>Our results showed that litter decomposition rates exhibited a consistent decrease in response to N enrichment among all species and their mixture. The slowed decomposition rates with increasing N addition were associated with N-induced reductions in UV radiation and soil bacterial diversity. An additional UV radiation manipulative experiment further confirmed that photodegradation had strong effects on plant litter decomposition at our study site.</p> <p>These results demonstrated that N-induced declines in UV radiation and soil bacterial diversity inhibited litter decomposition, challenging the traditional view that changes in litter chemistry and microbial activities determine the responses of litter decomposition to external N inputs.</p>
Data for SWATH-based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Morus alba L. Leaf under Ultraviolet-B radiation and Dark Treatment
<p><em>Morus alba (M. alba) </em>have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Since, previous studies indicated that the accumulation of several secondary metabolites was significantly induced by UV-B radiation with dark treatment. To investigate the response of <em>Morus alba</em> leaf to UV-B radiation and UV-B radiation followed by dark incubation (UVD), SWATH-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on <em>Morus alba</em> leaf of control, UV-B radiation and UV-B radiation then dark incubation. A total of 716 proteins were identified and quantified.</p>
EUREKA: Evaluating Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Kids for Adaptive Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07204704. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Quantification of DNA Repair Products in the Urine After Ultraviolet Radiation of the Skin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05277961. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Ultraviolet B radiation alters movement and thermal selection of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Decreased ultraviolet radiation and decomposer biodiversity inhibit litter decomposition under continuous nitrogen inputs
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Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation
<p>Melanism is widely observed among animals, and is adaptive in various contexts for its thermoregulatory, camouflaging, mate-attraction, or photoprotective properties. Many organisms exposed to ultraviolet radiation show increased fitness resulting from melanin pigmentation; this has been assumed to result in part from reduced UV-induced damage to DNA. However, to effectively test the hypothesis that melanin pigmentation reduces UV-induced DNA damage requires quantification of UV-specific DNA damage lesions following UV exposure under controlled conditions using individuals that vary in pigmentation intensity. We accomplished this using alpine genotypes of the freshwater microcrustacean <i>Daphnia melanica </i>for which we quantified cyclobutane pyrimide dimers in DNA, a damage structure that can only be generated by UV exposure. For genotypes with carapace melanin pigmentation, we found that individuals with greater melanin content sustained lower levels of UV-induced DNA damage. Individuals with more melanin were also more likely to survive exposure to ecologically relevant levels of UV-B radiation. Parallel experiments with conspecific genotypes that lack carapace melanin pigmentation provide additional support for our conclusion that melanism protects individuals from UV-induced DNA damage. Finally, within-genotype comparisons with asexually-produced clonal siblings demonstrate that melanin content influences DNA damage even among genetically identical individuals raised in the same environment.</p>
Measuring Real Time Decision-Making About Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) Protection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01004952. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Ultraviolet radiation exposure time and intensity modulate tomato resistance against herbivory through activation of the jasmonic acid signaling
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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