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FIG. 1 in Reevaluation of Therioherpeton cargnini Bonaparte & Barberena, 1975 (Probainognathia, Therioherpetidae) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil

FIG. 1. — Correlation of the tetrapod assemblages from depositional sequences II and III with lithostratigraphic units and global ages. Based on Rubert & Schultz (2004). Abbreviations: Ca-1, Caturrita 1; SM-1, Santa Maria 1; SM-2, Santa Maria 2.

Figure 5 in A new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the upper Blue Mesa Member (Adamanian: Early-Mid Norian) of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Arizona, USA, and a review of the paratypothoracin Tecovasuchus across the southwestern USA

Figure 5. Revised regional occurrences of Tecovasuchus chatterjeei across the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group of the southwestern United States (modified from Martz 2008 and Heckert et al. 2007). Abbreviations: AZ=Arizona, NM=New Mexico, TX=Texas.

Figure 1 in A new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the upper Blue Mesa Member (Adamanian: Early-Mid Norian) of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Arizona, USA, and a review of the paratypothoracin Tecovasuchus across the southwestern USA

Figure 1. Stratigraphic position in the Chinle Formation (A) of PFV 456 and the Placerias and Downs Quarries in Arizona (modified from Reyes et al. 2020 and Kligman et al. 2023), and their geographic occurrence (B). U-Pb ages based on Ramezani et al. (2014) and Rasmussen et al. (2020). Abbreviations: AZ=Arizona; PEFO=Petrified Forest National Park; Tr.=Triassic.

Figure 3. A in A new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the upper Blue Mesa Member (Adamanian: Early-Mid Norian) of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Arizona, USA, and a review of the paratypothoracin Tecovasuchus across the southwestern USA

Figure 3. A. Holotype paramedian osteoderm of Kryphioparma caerula gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to that of other stagonolepidoid taxa documented within the Placerias Quarry and PFV 456, UCMP 165173. B. Desmatosuchus, PEFO 49568. C. Calypotosuchus wellesi, PEFO 46222. Orientation: All in dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ant.=Anterior, Ant. bar=Anterior bar, Ant. lam.=Anterior lamina, Dors. em.=Dorsal eminence. Small, unlabeled arrows indicate lateral direction.

Fig. 5. A in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 5. A suite of traces in the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933), UFRGS-PV-1581-T #14, bone fragment from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. Two feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, overlapped by a cluster of larger grooves. B. Natural cast formed by a cover of iron oxide showing the grooves in positive relief. Image mirrored to facilitate comparison. C, D. Clusters of grooves on different surfaces of the same bone fragment. E. Small Osteocallis mandibulus close to the trails shown in A and B.

Fig. 6 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 6. Clusters of grooves on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #20, arcuate and paired grooves, similar to feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, but without forming a trail. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #22, densely concentrated grooves, giving the bone surface an etched appearence. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #5, straight and arcuate grooves closely associated to an incipient Osteocallis mandibulus (arrow). D. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #26, straight and arcuate grooves and some isolated grooves. E. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #6, dentary fragment; E1, two clusters of grooves; E2, schematic drawing. F. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #17; F1, subparallel grooves; F2, subparallel grooves associated to a subcircular cluster of grooves (arrow).

Fig. 4 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 4. Feeding traces of Osteocallis on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581 #3; A1, Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, associated to arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus isp.; A2, details of one of the trails. B. UFRGS-PV-1581 #23; B1, Osteocallis mandibulus associated to a cluster of grooves in crescent shape; B2, schematic drawing highlighting the grooves. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #12 showing two overlapping Osteocallis infestans Paes Neto et al., 2016. D. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #11 showing Osteocallis isp. (arrow) associated to a cluster of larger grooves.

Fig. 2 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 2. Identified cranial elements of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) in UFRGS-PV-1581-T from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. Left dentary in lateral view (A1) and medial view (A2) showing the dentary blade with at least one lingual tooth arrow). B. Left and right dentaries in dorsal view. C. Partial left pterygoid in medial view. D. Right maxilla in ventral view. E. Left maxilla in ventral view.

Fig. 8 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 8. Indiscrete borings on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #3; A1, a boring in the opposite face of the arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus, but also penetrating it; A2, close up view showing the presence of bone chips in the base of the boring. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #7 showing a boring with one rounded termination. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #9; C1, an elongated boring with a rounded termination and bone chips scattered on the base; C2, close up view highlighting the bone chips scattered on the base.

Fig. 1. Geological and geographic context. A in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 1. Geological and geographic context. A. Location of the Paraná Basin in Brazil. B. Limits of the Triassic rocks of Rosário do Sul Group and the Triassic rocks of Paraná Basin in Rio Grande do Sul state. C. Location of the Buriol Site, locality of UFRGS-PV-1581-T, and nearby Predebon and Janner sites. D. Chrono-, lito-, and biostratigraphy of southern Brazilian Triassic (modified from Schultz et al. 2020). Arrow indicates stratigraphical position of UFRGS-PV-1581-T; * refers to absolute ages from Langer et al. (2018); ** refers to absolute ages from Philipp et al. (2018).

Fig. 7 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 7. Subcircular clusters on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #17; A1, subcircular cluster connected to a cluster of grooves; A2, schematic drawing. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #13; B1, subcircular cluster associated to an irregular cluster of grooves (arrow), possibly a partially preserved subcircular cluster; B2, schematic drawing. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #16 showing an isolated subcircular cluster of grooves.

Fig. 3 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 3. Arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus isp. on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #3; A1, close up showing Amphifaoichnus isp. (note the bone chips) associated to a perpendicular boring (dashed outline) and feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007 (arrow; see also Fig. 4A1); A2, axial view of µCT scan showing the internal morphology of the tube, meniscate structures and the perpendicular boring; A3, coronal view of µCT scan showing the trace (dotted surface) and the destruction of both cortical (black outline) and trabecular bone. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #4; B1, specimen arrow) showing the uneven distribution of bone chips in the filling; B2, specimen in transversal view showing the rounded morphology of the filling. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #10; C1, specimen in negative relief with a small portion of filling still preserved (arrow); C2, close up of filling; C3, specimen in transversal view showing the U-shape of the boring.

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parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone. in Palaeohistology helps reveal taxonomic variability in exceptionally large temnospondyl humeri from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów, SW Poland

parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone.

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Fig. 4 in Palaeohistology helps reveal taxonomic variability in exceptionally large temnospondyl humeri from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów, SW Poland

Fig. 4. Microanatomy of the humeri of temnospondylian amphibians from Triassic of Krasiejów (Poland), Norian (A–D) and Bonenburg (Germany), Rhaetian (E). A, C. Capitosaurid Cyclotosaurus intermedius Sulej and Majer, 2005. A. UOBS 02116. C. UOBS 00574 (histotype II sensu Teschner et al. 2018). B, D. Trematosaurid Metoposaurus krasiejowensis (Sulej, 2002). B. UOBS 02431. D. UOPB 00109 (histotype I sensu Teschner et al. 2018). E. cf. Cyclotosaurus, LWL-MFN P 64371. Black, bone; white, pores; green, diagenetic cracks.

Figure 4 in A new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the upper Blue Mesa Member (Adamanian: Early-Mid Norian) of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Arizona, USA, and a review of the paratypothoracin Tecovasuchus across the southwestern USA

Figure 4. Paramedian osteoderms of Adamanian typothoracines documented within the Chinle Formation (A, B, D, E, H, I, L, M) and Dockum Group (C, F, G, J, K, N). Kryphioparma caerula gen. et sp. nov., UCMP 165173 (A, B). Tecovasuchus chatterjeei, PEFO 49404 (D, E), NCSM 35011 (H, I), UMMP 9600 (C, F, G), and TTU-P 9222 (J). Ambiguous paratypothoracin, MNA V3202 (L-M). Paratypothorax sp., TTU-P 9169 (K). Typothorax coccinarum, TTU-P 9214 (N). Orientations: Dorsal (A, C, D, H, J, K, L, N), Ventral (G), posterior (F), medial cross-section (B, M), lateral cross-section (E, I) views. Abbreviations: Ant.=Anterior, Ant. bar=Anterior bar, A.l.p.=Anterolateral process, A.m.p.=Anteromedial process, Bvl.=Beveled edge, Dors. em.=Dorsal eminence, Vent. strt.=Ventral strut. Small, unlabeled arrows indicate lateral direction.

Figure 2 in A new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the upper Blue Mesa Member (Adamanian: Early-Mid Norian) of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Arizona, USA, and a review of the paratypothoracin Tecovasuchus across the southwestern USA

Figure 2. Paramedian osteoderm fragments of Kryphioparma caerula gen. et sp. nov. Holotype and paratype specimens collected from the Placerias Quarry, UCMP 165173 (A–F) and UCMP 126847 (G–L), respectively. Referred specimens collected from PFV 456, PEFO 51662 (M–R) and PEFO 46468 (S–X). Orientations: anterior (A, G, M, S), dorsal (B, H, N, T), ventral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), medial cross-section (F, K, R, W), and lateral cross-section (E, L, Q, X) views. Abbreviations: Ant.=Anterior, Ant. bar=Anterior bar, Grv.=Grooves, M.e.=Medial edge, Vent. strt.=Ventral strut. Small, unlabeled arrows indicate lateral direction.

Fig. 10 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 10. Strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs (A), and reduced strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs (B) showing the alternative phylogenetic positions for Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. ("a") and the combined OTU for Trialestes romeri ("b"). Note that in the strict consensus trees the clade Aphanosauria is not exactly recovered as defined by Nesbitt et al. (2017) (Spondylosoma + Teleocrater + Dongosuchus + Yarasuchus) due to the multiple alternative phylogenetic positions of Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. and Spondylosoma absconditum.

Fig. 11 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 11. Reduced strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs depicting alternative most-parsimonious phylogenetic positions (solid black circles) and suboptimal alternative positions of one extra step and two extra steps for Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov.; "b" represents the alternative most-parsimonious positioins for Trialestes romeri (combined OTU). Schematic drawings of anterior cervical vertebrae in right lateral view of selected taxa with elongated necks: Tropidosuchus romeri (A; modified from Arcucci 1990), Teleocrater rhadinus NMT RB505 (B), Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. PVSJ 397 (C), Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum PVL 4597 (D; modified from Lecuona et al. 2017), Xilousuchus sapingensis IVPP V6026 (E), Mandasuchus tanyauchen NHMUK PV R6792 (F), Trialestes romeri PVL 3889 (G). E–G are mirrored for comparison. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 9 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 9. Photographs (A1, A2) and interpretative drawings (A3, A4) of left ilium of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in lateral (A1, A3) and medial (A2, A4) views. Arrows indicate anterior direction.

Fig. 8 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 8. Photograph (A1) and interpretative drawing (A2) of selected sacral (S1, S2) and caudal vertebrae (Ca1, Ca2) of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right {?} view. Gray coloring represents bone fragments and sediment.