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Fig. 9 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 9. Cranial osteometric characters of common hoopoe Upupa epops; (A) illustrate the ratio ofwidth of brain case, temporal fossa and Frontal region; (B, E, F) illustrate the ratio between the bony elements of lower jaw and its mandibular symphysis; (c, d) illustrate the ratio between the bony elements of upper jaw. Abbreviations: W.Bc, Width of Brain Case; W.Ft, Width of Temporal Fossa; W.F, Width of Frontal; L.Lj, Length of Lower Jaw; D.Sym.L.J, Dorsal Mandibular Symphasis; V.Sym.L.J, Ventral Mandibular Symphasis; L.Uj, Length of Upper Jaw; L.N, Length of Nasal Bone; Cn, Length of Nasal Cavity; Art, Length of Articular; RA, length of Rearticular process. Means in mm, N = 10.

Fig. 8 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 8. Cranial osteometric characters of common hoopoe Upupa epops illustrate the ratio between the total length of skull, brain case and other bony elements of studied species. Abbreviations: L.skull, Length of Skull; L.Lj, Length of Lower Jaw; L.Uj, Length of Upper Jaw; L.J, Length of Jugal Bar; L.Bc, Length of Brain Case; L.Ft, Length of temporal Fossa; L.Z, Length of Zygomatic Process; Po, Length of Postorbital Process; L.Pt, Length of Pterygoid; L.F, Length of Frontal. Means in mm, N = 10.

Fig. 2 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 2. Lateral view of the skull and mandible of common hoopoe Upupa ep; A, B — shows the temporal region and their crests; superior temporal crest (arrow) and anterior temporal crest (double arrows); C — hotomacrograph of the lateral surface of skull of common hoopoe stained with Alizarin red stain showing presence of great air spaces within temporal region (pneumatization) (arrow) and postorbital ligament (arrowhead). Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 1. A, B in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 1. A, B — lateral view, C — dorsal view of the skull and mandible of common hoopoe Upupa epops illustrating the bony elements and some osteometric measurements were taken in this study. In addition B, C — shows nasofrontal flexion zone (double arrows) and naso-lacrimal suture (arrow); D — photomacrograph of the dorsal surface of mandible of common hoopoe illustrate the different forces (compression and tension) resulting during contraction of pterygoideus muscle (Fpt). Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 5 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 5. Scanning electromicrograph of the skull of common hoopoe Upupa epops showing different positions of flexion zones between bony elements of brain case and upper jaw; Nasofrontal zone (double arrows), nasolacrimal zone (arrow) and third flexion zone (arrow head) which appears between the upper jaw (Uj) and Jugal bar (J).). Scale bar 1 mm, 500 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 7 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 7. Posterior portion of the mandible of common hoopoe Upupa epops (A, C — dorsal view, B, D — ventral view) illustrating the shape of their cotylae and processes. Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviation.

Fig. 4 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 4. Ventral view of the skull of common hoopoe Upupa epops: A, B — shows location of the jaw ligamentous system; C, D — photomacrograph of the lateral surface of skull and mandible of common hoopoe stained with Alizarin red stain showing small oval sesamoid bone (arrowhead) appears within Lig. Jugomandibualaris medialis (Lig. Jml) and other sesamoid bones are observed within the tendon of adductor muscle (arrow). Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 3 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 3. Ventral view of the skull of common hoopoe Upupa epops: A, B — shows bony elements of floor of brain case beside reveal the articulation site between pterygoid with palate bone (double arrows) and pterygoid with quadrate (black arrow), and appearance of rudiment of aponeurosis of M. pterygoideus (white arrow) which connected tightly with lateral crest of palate; C — photomacrograph of the ventral surface of skull of common hoopoe stained with Alizarin red stain showing the ventral fossa of pars lateralis (Fv) gives faint red color while dense red color appear on the lateral crest of palate (Lc). Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviations.

publicMar 2025View details →

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Data from: Adaptive immunity modulation linked to migratory behaviour in two partially migratory hoopoe populations (Upupa epops)

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opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Hoopoe (Upupa epops) male feeding effort is related to female cosmetic egg colouration

<p>Avian eggshell colouration might function as a post-mating sexually selected signal of female quality, influencing male parental investment and, hence, reproductive success. This hypothesis has been tested for intrinsic eggshell pigments as biliverdin (blue-green colouration) and/or protoporphyrin (brown coloured spots), but never for colourations applied post-laying. Post-laying staining colouration due to, for instance, uropygial secretion of the female could reflect its phenotypic properties and, thus, might be a cue for male investment in reproduction. In hoopoes, the uropygial gland of incubating females hosts symbiotic bacteria that are responsible for the brown colour of their uropygial secretion and of the eggshells, as they cover their bluish-grey eggshells with gland secretion after laying. The secretion protects embryos from pathogenic trans-shell infections and, thus, egg colouration may function as a cue or even as a post-mating sexually selected signal of antimicrobial potential in hoopoes. In a wild hoopoe population breeding in nest boxes in Spain, we test this hypothesis by exploring whether egg colour predicts male parental investment. In accordance with the hypothesis, we found that the amount of food provided by males to incubating females was higher in nests with less saturated eggshell colours. This relationship was affected by female body condition. High quality females in terms of body condition and/or in secretion colour obtained better males in terms of provisioning effort during incubation. Given that eggshell saturation is negatively related to density of bacterial symbionts in uropygial secretions, one possibility is that males may regulate their parental investment in accordance to the expected characteristics of mutualistic bacteria hosted in uropygial glands and deposited on eggshells. We discuss alternative explanations for our results, concluding that the post-mating sexual selection hypothesis is the most likely but experimental modification of egg colour is needed to test it further.</p>

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Multi-functional crest display in hoopoes Upupa epops

Animals can engage in visual displays, which may target conspecifics, heterospecifics or both. Here we studied the function of the flamboyant crest-raising display of hoopoes (Upupa epops) in experiments performed with males in captivity. Males were exposed to sounds of a conspecific (male hoopoe song), a potential predator (human voice), and two controls (the song of a blackbird, Turdus merula, and background noise). These stimuli were presented to males in the presence and absence of females. Males raised the crest with a significantly higher probability when confronted with stimuli indicating potential threats (rival mate or predator) than with controls. The crest display was frequent when confronted with both kinds of threats independently of the presence of a female, suggesting that it was directed to the predator and the rival male. The probability of raising the crest was not related to body condition, and there was a marginally but not significant negative relationship between probability of raising the crest and the number of black spots on the crest feathers, which may suggest that crest display could be informing about male quality. Therefore, male hoopoes display the crest in a heterospecific context in response to detection of potential threats, which could be a deceptive or pursuit-deterrent signal. The results also support a role of the crest in sexual selection, suggesting that crest display in male hoopoes may serve multiple functions.

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Raw geolocator data of Hoopes Upupa epops from Switzerland

<p>Raw multi-sensor geolocator data of Hoopes breeding in Wallis, Switzerland</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

publicAug 2017View details →

Data from: Multi-functional crest display in hoopoes Upupa epops

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publicAug 2019View details →

Data from: Experimental old nest material predicts hoopoe (Upupa epops) eggshell and uropygial gland microbiota

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publicJul 2020View details →

Data from: Hoopoe (Upupa epops) male feeding effort is related to female cosmetic egg colouration

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Fig. 6 in Functional Significance Of Anatomical Accommodation In The Skull Of Common Hoopoe, Upupa Epops (Bucerotiforme Upupidae)

Fig. 6. Quadrate of common hoopoe Upupa epops (A, C — lateral view; B, D —medial view) illustrating their processes. Scale bar 5 mm. See the list of anatomical abbreviation.