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138 results for “Urban ecosystems”
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T7.4 Urban and industrial ecosystems
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T7.4 Urban and industrial ecosystems</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Soil moisture and temperature along an urban to rural gradient, 2011 - present
Soil temperature and soil moisture have been measured at multiple locations in and around Baltimore Maryland to provide data on these variables in forests and lawns across an urban to rural gradient. In July 2011, we installed one Decagon Em50 Datalogger with five 5TM VWC/Temperature probes at four established forested, upslope, 20 x 20-m plots, two rural (ORU1, ORU2) and two urban (LEA1, LEA2), at 2 forested riparian sites at two transects along a stream (ORUR, ORLR), and two lawn plots on the campus of the University of Maryland Baltimore County campus (UMBC1, UMBC 2). Probes were buried horizontally at 10cm depth (except UMBC1 and UMBC2 where the five probes are mounted horizontally at a single location at depths of 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 cm depth). At the upslope forested plots, the five probes are replicates. At the two riparian sites, probes are deployed in either "hummocks (drier, higher)" or in "hollows (lower, wetter)". Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at hourly intervals on these plots beginning in July 2011. In March 2017, an additional data logger was installed at Hillsdale Park (HD1) in a forested urban area. The five probes at HD1 were buried horizontally at 10cm depth and are replicates. Earlier soil moisture data were collected monthly (1999-2011), and can be found in https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-bes&identifier=417
Land cover, landscape metrics and typology of European cities for Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) evaluation
<p>The data refers to the paper "<em>Urban Forests as Regulating Ecosystems: Types and Ranking of European Cities</em>"</p> <p>The datasets provide a typology for 689 European urban areas, the land cover metrics and landscape metrics used to create the typology and the Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) indexes created from them.</p> <p>The typology of Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) presents 10 clusters of cities aggregated into 4 groups: Forest cities, Anthropogenic cities, Herbaceous cities and Standard European cities. The data can be used to support urban planning policies at local and regional scales; in urban forestry, urban form and ecosystem services work related at different spatial scales. The metrics used capture the spatial integration of different layers of natural, semi-natural and artificial land within functional urban areas.</p> <p> </p> <p>The datasets are a csv file (<code>Metrics.csv</code>) and a shapefile (<code>UFES.shp</code>) of polygons with attributes.</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>UFES.shp</code> attributes' are the following: FUA codes, country name, main city name, clusters and groups of FUAs resulting from the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the R color codes used in the article, the five UFES budget indexes as well as an aggregated global UFES index for each FUA.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>Metrics.csv</code> contains the FUA codes, the land cover and landscape metrics used in the HCA.</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data and code for Bauer et al. (2022) Urban Ecosystems
<p>Data and code for:</p> <p>Bauer M, Krause M, Heizinger V, Kollmann J (2022) <strong>Using crushed waste bricks for urban greening with contrasting grassland mixtures: no negative effects of brick-augmented substrates varying in soil type, moisture and acid pre-treatment.</strong> – <em>Urban Ecosystems</em> 25, 1369-1378. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-022-01230-x">DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01230-x</a></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/markus1bauer/2022_waste_bricks_seedmixtures/blob/master/README.md">GitHub README</a></p>
Urbanization and fragmentation have opposing effects on soil nitrogen availability in temperate forest ecosystems.
Nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand has been declining in recent years in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world, a phenomenon known as N oligotrophication. The temperate forests of the northeastern U.S. have experienced a particularly steep decline in bioavailable N, which is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. This region has also experienced rapid urban expansion in recent decades that leads to forest fragmentation, and it is unknown whether and how these changes affect N availability and uptake by forest trees. Many studies have examined the impact of either urbanization or forest fragmentation on nitrogen (N) cycling, but none to our knowledge have focused on the combined effects of these co-occurring environmental changes. We examined the effects of urbanization and fragmentation on oak-dominated (Quercus spp.) forests along an urban to rural gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts (MA). At eight study sites along the urbanization gradient, plant and soil measurements were made along a 90 m transect from a developed edge to an intact forest interior. Rates of net ammonification, net mineralization, and foliar N concentrations were significantly higher in urban than rural sites, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were not different between urban and rural forests. At urban sites, foliar N and net ammonification and mineralization were higher at forest interiors compared to edges, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were higher at rural forest edges than interiors. These results indicate that urban forests in the northeastern U.S. have greater soil N availability and N uptake by trees compared to rural forests, counteracting the trend for widespread N oligotrophication in temperate forests around the globe. Such increases in available N are diminished at forest edges, however, demonstrating that forest fragmentation has the opposite effect of urbanization on coupled N availability and demand by trees.
Figure 4 in Diversity of zooplankton in municipal wastewater-contaminated urban pond ecosystems of the lower Gangetic plains
Figure 4. Hierarchical cluster analyses of the study sites depending on the physicochemical conditions (a) and zooplankton community structure (b).
Fig. 1 in Bird diversity in an urban ecosystem: the role of local habitats in understanding the effects of urbanization
Fig. 1. Bird species richness and overall abundance recorded in point counts (surveyed on September 2013) in the municipality of Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in Bird diversity in an urban ecosystem: the role of local habitats in understanding the effects of urbanization
Fig. 2. Ordination diagram presenting the first two axes of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) (percent of explained variability: axis I = 7.1%, axis II = 1.9%) based on the distribution of species abundance in 118 sample units (dots) in the urban area of Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and its correlation with seven explanatory variables (arrows). The first axis shows the urbanization gradient (negatives values on left = more urbanized regions; positive values on right = less urbanized regions). All axes were significant (Monte Carlo test with 9,999 permutations: P <0.001). Species names are given in full in Appendix 1. Variables are described in Tab. I.
Multi-disciplinary survey data for the assessment of regulating and recreational ecosystem services in urban parks under heat and drought conditions
<p>The research group GreenEquityHEALTH provides quantified knowledge on how urban green spaces contribute to the mitigation of climate change induced challenges and challenges from urbanization to improve health, well-being and environmental justice. The project identifies the mediating pathways or direct effects of divers urban green spaces that act to either promote health, encourage healthy behaviours like social interaction or physical activity, or to decrease risk factors such as air pollution or urban heat.</p> <p>Here we present core data of our interdisciplinary multi-method campaigns that included in-situ stationary and aerial (remote sensing-based) environmental measurements, mobile air quality measurements, and social science-informed surveys, namely, park vistor observations and countings and a questionnaire survey.</p> <p><strong>List of data and content</strong></p> <ul> <li>Aarial_survey: digital surface model, orthophoto and thermal infrared images as raster files (*.tif); flight and processing report (*.pdf)</li> <li>Air_quality: stationary PM measurement data (*.csv); coordinates (*.txt)</li> <li>Meteorology: stationary air temperature and humidity data (*.csv), sensor meta data (*.csv)</li> <li>ParkVisitor_Surveys: survey data and questionnaire replies (*.csv), survey sheets (*.docx), questionnaire form (*.pdf)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data acquisition and processing</strong></p> <p>For details on the data (e.g. sensors, calibration, survey settings) please refer to the linked publication, incl. Supplementary Material.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> We would like to thank the City of Leipzig, Department for Urban Green and Waters, for supporting the project. We would like to thank Henrique Miguel Pereira (Head of Research Group Biodiversity Conservation of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig) for providing equipment for the meteorological field campaigns. We also thank Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Geoinformation and Surveying with Lutz Bannehr for conducting the airborne campaigns, Marco Pohle and Helko Kotas (both Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ) for technical support, and Judith Rakowski for support during the field surveys. This work was carried out within the research project ‘Environmental-health Interactions in Cities<br> (GreenEquityHEALTH) – Challenges for Human Wellbeing under Global Changes’ (2017 to 2022) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), funding code: 01LN1705A.</p> <p><strong>Related publication</strong><br> Kabisch, N. et al. (2021). A methodological framework for the assessment of regulating and recreational ecosystem services in urban parks under heat and drought conditions. <em>Ecosystems and People</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2021.1958062">doi:10.1080/26395916.2021.1958062</a></p>
Data from: Urbanization strengthens vertical stratification of ant nutrient preferences in a temperate forest ecosystem
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Data from: A place-based participatory mapping approach for assessing cultural ecosystem services in urban green space
1. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) encompass a range of social, cultural and health benefits to local communities, for example recreation, spirituality, a sense of place and local identity. However, these complex and place-specific CES are often overlooked in rapid land management decisions and assessed using broad, top–down approaches. 2. We use the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to examine a novel approach to rapid assessment of local CES provision using inductive, participatory methods. We combined free-listing and participatory geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to quantify and map perceptions of current CES provision of an urban green space. The results were then statistically compared with those of a proposed alternative scenario with the aim to inform future decision-making. 3. By identifying changes in the spatial hotspots of CES in our study area, we revealed a spatially-specific shift toward positive sentiment regarding several CES under the alternative state with variance across demographic and stakeholder groups. Response aggregations in areas of proposed development reveal previously unknown stakeholder preferences to local decision-makers and highlight potential trade-offs for conservation management. Free-listed responses revealed deeper insight into personal opinion and context. 4. This work serves as a useful case study on how the perceptions and opinions of local people regarding local CES could be accounted for in the future planning of an urban greenspace and how thorough analysis of CES provision is important to fully-inform local-scale conservation and planning for the mutual benefit of local communities and nature.
Data from: Current and historical land use influence soil-based ecosystem services in an urban landscape
Urban landscapes are increasingly recognized as providing important ecosystem services (ES) to their occupants. Yet, urban ES assessments often ignore the complex spatial heterogeneity and land-use history of cities. Soil-based services may be particularly susceptible to land-use legacy effects. We studied indicators of three soil-based ES – carbon storage, water quality regulation, and runoff regulation – in a historically agricultural urban landscape and asked: (1) How do ES indicators vary with contemporary land cover and time since development? (2) Do ES indicators vary primarily among land-cover classes, within land-cover classes, or within sites? (3) What is the relative contribution of urban land-cover classes to potential citywide ES provision? We measured biophysical indicators (soil carbon (C), available phosphorus (P), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks)) in 100 sites across 5 land-cover classes, spanning an ~125 year gradient of time since development within each land-cover class. Potential for ES provision was substantial in urban green spaces, including developed land. Runoff regulation services (high Ks) were highest in forests; water quality regulation (low P) was highest in open spaces and grasslands; and open spaces and developed land (e.g., residential yards) had the highest C storage. In developed land covers, both C and P increased with time since development, indicating effects of historical land-use on contemporary ES and tradeoffs between two important ES. Among-site differences accounted for a high proportion of variance in soil properties in forests, grasslands, and open space, while residential areas had high within-site variability – underscoring the leverage city residents have to improve urban ES provision. Developed land covers contributed most ES supply at the citywide scale, even after accounting for potential impacts of impervious surfaces. Considering the full mosaic of urban green space and its history is needed to estimate the kinds and magnitude of ES provided in cities, and to augment regional ES assessments that often ignore or underestimate urban ES supply.
Data from: Beyond the metropolis: street tree communities and resident perceptions on ecosystem services in small urban centers in India
<p>This dataset includes road transect characteristics, tree data and interview data (linked through transect number) from two cities in India - Kochi and Panjim, collected in 2019-2020 as part of the study:</p> <p>Beyond the metropolis: street tree communities and resident perceptions on ecosystem services in small urban centers in India</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for 'Global Assessment of Interannual Hazard Variability in Coastal Urban Areas and Ecosystems'
<p>This dataset supports Odériz et al. (2024). 'Global Assessment of Interannual Hazard Variability in Coastal Urban Areas and Ecosystems'</p>
Figure 3 in Diversity of zooplankton in municipal wastewater-contaminated urban pond ecosystems of the lower Gangetic plains
Figure 3. Proportional abundance of different representative groups of zooplankton at study sites.
Figure 1 in Diversity of zooplankton in municipal wastewater-contaminated urban pond ecosystems of the lower Gangetic plains
Figure 1. Map showing the study sites (Site 1–5) within Hooghly-Chinsurah Municipality.
Figure 2 in Diversity of zooplankton in municipal wastewater-contaminated urban pond ecosystems of the lower Gangetic plains
Figure 2. Abundance of different representative groups of zooplankton at study sites.
Multiple ecosystem service synergies and landscape-mediation of biodiversity within urban agroecosystems
<p>Ecosystem services are essential for human well-being, especially in urban areas where 60% of the global population will live by 2030. While urban habitats have the potential to support biodiversity and ecosystem services, few studies have quantified the impact of local and landscape management across a diverse suite of services. We leverage five years of data (>5,000 observations) across a network of urban gardens to determine the drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies. We found multiple synergies and few trade-offs, contrasting previous assumptions that food production is at odds with biodiversity. Furthermore, we show that landscape-level natural habitat cover interacts with local management to mediate services provided by mobile animals, specifically pest control and pollination. By quantifying the factors that support a diverse suite of ecosystem services, we highlight the critical role of garden management and urban planning for optimizing biodiversity and human benefit.</p>
Tampere - Awareness of citizens regarding urban nature and ecosystem services
<p>Results of the awareness of citizens regarding urban nature and ecosystem services survey among residents of Vuores neighbourhood in Tampere.</p>
Data from: A place-based participatory mapping approach for assessing cultural ecosystem services in urban green space
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