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18 results for “Urodeles”
Figure 15 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 15. Precaudal vertebrae of Ichthyosaura (A, B) and Lissotriton (C, D), as an example of the intrageneric variation of the posterodorsal area of the neural arch. Notice that in A and C, the posterodorsal area is vertical and followed by the forked neural crest, whereas in B and D the posterodorsal area is roof-shaped, and the neural crest terminates in the middle of the incisura dorsalis. In contrast, the medial edges of the prezygapophyses (dashed lines in A, C) are a less variable character (divergent in the case of Ichthyosaura and parallel in Lissotriton; see diagnoses section). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 16 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 16. Phylogenetic trees of European genera of urodeles. A, 50% majority rule consensus, morphology-based tree (present study). Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probabilities. B–D, trees based on molecular analyses: B, maximum likelihood analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from the study by Pyron & Wiens (2011); C, Bayesian inference analyses based on four nuclear genes from the study by Veith et al. (2018); and D, based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial genes under a CAT-GTR model from the study by Rancilhac et al. (2021).
Figure 14 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 13 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 12 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 10 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 9 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 11 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). F, G, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 8 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 3 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 3. Terminology followed for the precaudal vertebrae (for the use of this word in the present work, see the Terminology section). Trunk vertebra of Lissotriton vulgaris in anterior (A), dorsal (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations (newly introduced term is in quotes): avc, anterior ventral crest; azc, anterior zygapophyseal crest; con, condyle; cot, cotyle; dia, diapophysis; fsn, foramen of the spinal nerve; 'idor, incisura dorsalis'; ivca, incisura vertebralis caudalis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ncr, neural crest; par, parapophysis; postz, postzygapophyses; prez, prezygapophyses; pvc, posterior ventral crest; pzc, posterior zygapophyseal crest; vc, vertebral centrum; vl, ventral lamina. Notice that in this specimen, the neural spine is absent. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 7 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 2 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 2. Terminology followed for the atlas. Atlas of Ichthyosaura alpestris in anterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cot, cotyle; fsn, foramen of the first spinal nerve; infcr, inferior crests; ivca, incisura vertebralis caudalis; ivcr, incisura vertebralis cranialis; lcr, lateral crest; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ncr, neural crest; odpr, odontoid process; oj, occipital joints; postz, postzygapophyses; scr, secondary crest. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 5 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae. A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 6 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 1. Terminology followed for the otic–occipitum complex. A–F in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations
Figure 1. Terminology followed for the otic–occipitum complex. A–F, left otic–occipitum complex of Salamandra salamandra from left to right in dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. G–L, right otic–occipitum complex of Lissotriton vulgaris from left to right in dorsal, ventral, anterior and lateral views. Abbreviations (newly introduced terms are in quotes): 'acav, auditory cavity'; bco, basicapsular commissure; bpr, processus basalis; crr, crista retrosellaris; fba, fenestra basicranialis posterioris; fend, foramen endolymphaticum; ffa, foramen faciale; fo, fenestra ovalis; fper, foramen perylimphaticum; fpo, foramen postoticum; fpro, foramen prooticum; hco, hypochordal commissure; 'lts, lamina of the tectum synoticum'; 'mcr, medial crest'; 'md, middle depression'; occ, occipital cotyle; otpr, otic process; pan, prominentia semicircularis anterioris; par, parietal crest; pcr, parotic crest; pla, prominentia semicircularis lateralis; ppr, parotic process; pps, prominentia semicircularis posterioris; preco, prefacial commissure; spe, sulcus petrosus; sulc, sulcus carotis; tsyn, tectum synoticum. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fluctuation of cellular differentiation in limb regeneration is regulated by Pde4b in urodele amphibians
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Data from: MHC structuring and divergent allele advantage in a urodele amphibian: a hierarchical multi-scale approach
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