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FIGURE 4 in A new polytypic species of the genus Uromastyx MERREM 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Leiolepidinae) from southwestern Arabia

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Uromastyx yemenensis. U. y. shobraki: 1 AlMukha; 2 Taizz; 3 Zabid. U. y. yemenensis: 1 Lahij; 2 50 mls of Aden; 3 Zinjibar; 4 AbianArea / AbianMountains; 5 Lawdar. U. benti: 1 Azzan; 2 AlMukalla; 3 Vicinity of Mirbat (Oman).

FIGURE 2 in A new polytypic species of the genus Uromastyx MERREM 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Leiolepidinae) from southwestern Arabia

FIGURE 2. Projection of the first two principal components from a PCA run on 56 individuals assignable to OTU1 and OTU2 (50 specimens already used with the hierachical cluster analysis plus six additional individuals).

FIGURE 3 in A new polytypic species of the genus Uromastyx MERREM 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Leiolepidinae) from southwestern Arabia

FIGURE 3. Cladogram of the tree recovered by the Bayes analyses based on 529 bp of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Upper (bold) values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (values below 0.5 not shown); lower values are maximumparsimony bootstrap replicates (2000 replicates with 100 random additions; values below 50 % not shown). The new taxon denominations are indicated in squared brackets.

FIGURE 1 in A new polytypic species of the genus Uromastyx MERREM 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Leiolepidinae) from southwestern Arabia

FIGURE 1. Distance phenogram based on 112 individuals from the Uromastyx ocellata species group (Variables: V9, V10, V17, V18; hierarchical cluster using average linkage). OTU1 including specimens from southeastern Yemen and Oman (exceptions; 2: BMNH 99.12.13.106, 3: ZFMK 58047, 4: MTD 25441, 5: BMNH 1938.2.1.47) and OTU2 including specimens from western and southern Yemen (exception; 1: BMNH 1946.8.11.68, Paralectotype U. benti). Squares indicate the position of the three specimens of U. macfadyeni included in this study.

Figure 6 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 6. Hypothetical radiation schemes for Uromastyx and possibly relevant geological events. Approximate distribution range for each taxon (Wilms, 2001) is shown with its abbreviated name: Hard (Uromastyx hardwickii), Aca (U. acanthinura), Mali (U. d. maliensis), Gey (U. geyri), Dis (U. d. dispar), Oce (U. ocellata), Mac (U. macfadyeni), Aeg (U. a. aegyptia), Mic (U. a. microlepis), Orn (U. ornata) and Ben (U. benti).

Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 5. Neighbour-joining tree constructed based on maximum likelihood distances from 1503 alignable nucleotide sites (the HKY model and transition/transversion ratio of 3.48). The tree was rooted with Chamaeleo africanus as an outgroup. Bootstrap probabilities are shown for neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses (from left to right). Underlined values mean that the branch was not reconstructed in the best tree topology by the corresponding analyses. Note that two distinct sequence haplotypes are included for Uromastyx acanthinura and U. ocellata. See Material and methods for more details on the analytical conditions. The nucleotide sequences taken from the database are: Chamaeleo africanus (accession No., AF448743), Chlamydosaurus kingii (AF128469), Physignathus lesueurii (AF128463), Acanthosoura capra (AF128498), Salea horsfieldii (AF128490), Trapelus savignii (AF128512), Leiolepis guentherpetersi (AF128461), Leiolepis belliana (U82689), Laudakia caucasia (AF028681) and Laudakia lehmanni (AF028677).

Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 4. Secondary structures of the inserted sequences found between tRNAGln and tRNAIle genes. The 128 bp insert for Uromastyx ornata can assume alternative secondary structures either with an extremely stable and long stem region (A) or with a clover-leaf structure for the second tRNAGln gene (or pseudogene) and a stable stem-and-loop structure (B). The 59 bp inserted for U. ocellata may also assume a somewhat less stable stem-and-loop structure (C). Heavy-strand sequences are shown and numbers refer to the corresponding positions in their light-strand sequences shown in Fig. 3A. Bars in stems represent Watson–Crick base pairs and dots stand for wobble G–U pairs for RNA.

Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 2. Evolution of mitochondrial gene organization in Uromastyx. A, typical vertebrate organization plesiomorphic to lizards. B, typical organization for acrodont lizards including Leiolepis and likely the direct common ancestor of Leiolepis and Uromastyx. C, typical Uromastyx organization in which the putative origin of light-strand replication (black box) disappeared from the WANCY tRNA gene cluster. D, organization for U. ornata and likely for the direct common ancestor of U. ornata and U. ocellata, which has an insertion containing a stem-and-loop structure (hatched box) and the second tRNAGln gene or pseudogene (Q*). E, organization for U. ocellata in which Q* disappeared. See Figs 3 and 4 for sequences and secondary structures of the inserted region in U. ornata and U. ocellata.

Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 3. Nucleotide sequences of the inserted region between the tRNA Gln and tRNAIle genes. A, alignment between the 128 bp insertion in Uromastyx ornata and the 59 bp insertion in U. ocellata (65% identity). B, alignment between the original tRNAGln gene and its second copy within the inserted region for U. ornata (49% identity). Light-strand and heavystrand sequences are shown for A and B, respectively. Dots indicate identity with the first sequence and dashes denote a gap.

Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 1. Position of primers used for amplification and/or sequencing. See Table 1 for the primer sequences; numbers of primers correspond to those in Table 1.