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58 results for “Varanidae”
Fig 11. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n in Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), from Varanus spenceri (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Australia
Fig 11. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. Schematic view of the scoleces, showing the different shape of contraction, with rostellum extended, partially and fully retracted.
Figs 8-10. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n in Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), from Varanus spenceri (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Australia
Figs 8-10. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. Figs. 8-10, QM G235019. Scanning electron micrographs. (8) Dorsoventral view. (9) Lateral view. (10) Apical view.
Figs 1-3. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n in Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), from Varanus spenceri (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Australia
Figs 1-3. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (1) Total lateral view of a scolex (holotype – QM G235015). (2) Dorsal view of a mature proglottis (paratype MHNG-PLAT-31201). (3) Dorsal view of a pregravid proglottis (paratype MHNG-PLAT-31201). Abbreviations: ao – apical organ; cc – chromophilic cells; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; do – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du – uterine diverticula; mg – Mehlis' glands; ov – ovary; te – testes; us – uterine stem; va – vas deferens; vc – vaginal canal; vi – vitelline follicles; vo – ventral osmoregulatory canal.
Figs 4-7. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n in Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), from Varanus spenceri (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Australia
Figs 4-7. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (4) Transversal section of a proglottis at level of its anterior part (paratype MHNG-PLAT-31201). (5) Transversal section of a proglottis at level of cirrus-sac (paratype MHNG-PLAT-31201). (6) Transversal section of a proglottis at level of the ovary (paratype QM G235018). (7) Egg cluster. Abbreviations: ci – cirrus; cs – cirrussac; do – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; em – tri-layered embryophore; lm – internal longitudinal musculature; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; ov – ovary; st – subtegumental muscle fibres; su – subtegumental cells; te – testes; tg – tegument; ud – uteroduct; ut – uterus; va – vas deferens; vc – vaginal canal; vd – vitelloduct; vi – vitelline follicles; vo – ventral osmoregulatory canal.
FIG. 3 in First fossil of Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
FIG. 3. — Varanus sp. from the Miocene of Pakistan: trunk vertebra (SNSB-BSPG 1956 II 2010) in ventral (A), posterior (B), right lateral (C), dorsal (D), anterior (E), and left lateral (F) views. Abbreviations: ml, mediospinal lamina; pcl, posterior centrosynapophyseal lamina; pl, prespinal lamina; pt, pars tectiformis; s, synapophysis; spl, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 2 in First fossil of Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
FIG. 2. — Map of Pakistan (A) and of northern Punjab (B), showing the area where the villages of Marianwala and Kas are located (small square in B) south of Chinji.
Molecular data from "Between a rock and a dry place: phylogenomics, biogeography, and systematics of ridge-tailed monitors (Squamata: Varanidae: Varanus acanthurus complex)"
<p><strong>Phylogenetic_dataset.csv</strong>: Unfiltered DArTseq data used in phylogenetic analyses. Readable by 'dartR' (Gruber et al. 2018).</p> <p><strong>Population_dataset.csv</strong>: Unfiltered DArTseq data used in population-level analyses. Readable by 'dartR' (Gruber et al. 2018).</p> <p><strong>Reference.csv</strong>: Spreadsheet listing individuals included in molecular analyses. Includes vouchers, species, name of each sample in DArTseq data sets, and GenBank accession numbers (GB) for mitochondrial data. ABTC stands for Australian Biological Tissue Collection; AA and CCM for field numbers of uncatalogued specimens. Other collection acronyms follow Sabaj (2019). We refrain from assigning individuals that were not included in the molecular analyses to any given species.</p>
Figure 4 in Skeletochronology in long tubular bones of the Javan water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus in the juvenile stage (Lacertilia: Varanidae)
Figure 4. Cross sections of the diaphysis fibula bone in four individuals with SVLs between 14.4 cm to 25.0 cm. Dotted arrow: endosteal bone; black solid arrow: LAG; red solid arrow: resorption line (RL); yellow solid arrow: additional resting Line (AdL). The scale bar is equal to 200 m.
Figure 1 in Skeletochronology in long tubular bones of the Javan water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus in the juvenile stage (Lacertilia: Varanidae)
Figure 1. Measurement of bone cross section. d: the longest part of the marrow cavity; D: the longest part of the bone diameter; MP: the widest point of bone thickness.
Figure 3 in Skeletochronology in long tubular bones of the Javan water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus in the juvenile stage (Lacertilia: Varanidae)
Figure 3. Cross section of the seven long tubular bones of a juvenile female Varanus salvator bivittatus with one LAG (SVL: 22.2 cm). MC: marrow cavity; dotted arrow: endosteal bone; red solid arrow: LAG.
Figure 2 in Skeletochronology in long tubular bones of the Javan water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus in the juvenile stage (Lacertilia: Varanidae)
Figure 2. Cross section of the seven long tubular bones of juvenile male Varanus salvator bivittatus with zero LAG (SVL: 14.4 cm). MC: marrow cavity; dotted arrow: endosteal bone.
Supplementary tables from "From genes to communities: an integrative approach to the evolution of Varanidae"
<p>Supplementary tables for thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University</p>
Figure 5 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
Figure 5. Phylogenetic inter-relationships of Varanus prisca within Varanoidea. The position is based on the optimization of morphological characters onto the molecular tree of Ast (2001). The position of Estesia is based on Norell & Gao (1997). Data for Varanus rudicolis, Varanus keithhornei, Varanus melinus, Varanus doreanus, Varanus yuwonoi, Varanus spenceri, Varanus mertensi, and Varanus panoptes were not available. These taxa were added post hoc. The position of prisca within the Indo-Australian clade unambiguously assigns the taxon to Varanus.
Figure 3 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
Figure 3. Stereopairs of the otic region of (A) Varanus prisca (BMNH 39965), (B) Varanus komodoensis (USNM 228163), and (C) Varanus salvator (ROMV-R 1040) in right lateral views. Scale bar: 1 cm. Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.
Figure 4 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
Figure 4. Stereopairs of the otic region of (A) Varanus prisca (BMNH 39965) in left ventrolateral view, (B) Varanus komodoensis (USNM 228163), and (C) Varanus salvator (ROMV-R 1040) in right ventrolateral views. Scale bar: 1 cm. Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.
Figure 2 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
Figure 2. Neurocranium of Varanus prisca (A, BMNH 39965) compared with Varanus komodoensis (B, USNM 228163) and Varanus salvator (C, ROMV-R 1040) in posterior view. Scale bars: 2 cm for (A) and (B); 1 cm for (C). Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.
Figure 1 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
Figure 1. Neurocranium of Varanus prisca (BMNH 39965) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), anterior (C), and left lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 5 cm. Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.
Raw data accompanying: Ground reaction forces in monitor lizards (Varanidae) and the scaling of locomotion in sprawling tetrapods
<p>Geometric scaling predicts a major challenge for legged, terrestrial locomotion.<b> </b>Locomotor support requirements scale identically with body mass (α M<sup>1</sup>), while force generation capacity should scale α M<sup>2/3</sup> as it depends on muscle cross-sectional area. Mammals compensate with more upright limb postures at larger sizes, but it remains unknown how sprawling tetrapods deal with this challenge. Varanid lizards are an ideal group to address this question because they cover an enormous body size range while maintaining a similar bent-limb posture and body proportions. This study reports the scaling of ground reaction forces and duty factor for varanid lizards ranging from 7 g 37 kg. Impulses (force x time) scaled roughly as predicted by the inverted pendulum model (α M<sup>0.99-1.34</sup>) while peak forces (α M<sup>0.73-1.00</sup>) scaled higher than expected. Duty factor scaled α M<sup>0.04 </sup>and was higher for the hindlimb than the forelimb. The proportion of vertical impulse to total impulse increased with body size, and impulses decreased while peak forces increased with speed. These results provide valuable data into how locomotor forces vary with body size and suggest how other, extinct, sprawling tetrapods may have dealt with the biomechanical challenges associated with generating sufficient locomotor forces at larger body sizes.</p>
FIG. 1 in First fossil of Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
FIG. 1. — Labels related to SNSB-BSPG 1956 II 2010: original label (A) and inventory label (B).
Raw data accompanying: Ground reaction forces in monitor lizards (Varanidae) and the scaling of locomotion in sprawling tetrapods
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