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FIG. 5 in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 5. — Fragilaria pectinalis (O.F.Müll.) Lyngb. Images taken from the River Aa, province of Antwerp, Belgium: A-S, LM views of more or less normally formed valves of the population arranged in decreasing length; T, U, LM views of two frustules connected in girdle view; V-AJ, LM views of several deformed valves of the population arranged in decreasing length; AK, SEM external view of a frustule in oblique view showing the girdle bands and the mantle plaques; AL, SEM external view of an entire valve; AM, SEM external detail of a valve apex with the rimoportula; AN, SEM external detail of a valve apex lacking the rimoportula. Note the spines and small granules at the valve margin; AO, SEM internal view of an entire valve showing the slightly eccentric position of the rimoportula at one apex. Scale bars: A-AL, AN, 10 µm; AM, AO, 1 µm.

FIG. 2 in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 2. — Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow. Images taken from the type material (Grunow sample 907): A, LM view of four frustules connected in girdle view; B-Q, LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length; R, original drawing and notes made by Grunow (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria); S, SEM external detail of the apex of a frustule girdle view showing the girdle bands and the apical pore fields; T, SEM external view of an entire valve; U, SEM external detail of a valve apex with the rimoportula; V, SEM internal view of an entire valve showing the slightly eccentric position of the rimoportula at one apex. Scale bars: A-Q, T, V, 10 µm; S, U, 1 µm.

FIG. 1. — Synedra deformis W in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 1. — Synedra deformis W.Sm. Images taken from the type material (P. Mill Pond, Lewes, Sussex, United Kingdom): A, LM view of two frustules connected in girdle view; B-R, LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length; S, SEM external view of a frustule in girdle view; T, SEM external view of an entire valve. The arrows indicate interruptions in the areola series of the striae; U, V, SEM external view of two smaller valves. The arrows indicate the rimoportula; W, SEM external detail of the valve apex showing the rimoportula (arrow) and the apical pore field; X, SEM internal view of an entire valve showing the central position of the rimoportula at one apex; Y, SEM internal detail showing the eccentric position of the rimoportula. Scale bars: A-V, X, 10 µm; W, Y, 1 µm.

FIG. 4 in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 4. — Fragilaria joachimii Kahlert. Images taken from the type material (Strain TCC887 isolated from BrostrÖmmen near Norrtälje, Sweden): A-R, LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length; S, T, LM views of several frustules connected to form long chains in girdle view; U, SEM external view of several frustules in girdle view connected via mucus (indicated by the arrows); V, SEM external view of a frustule in girdle view showing the girdle bands and the mantle plaques. Note the small spines and granules near the valve face/mantle junction; W, SEM external view of an entire valve with scattered small spines on the margin; X, SEM external detail of a valve apex with the rimoportula and the apical pore field. Scale bars: A-W, 10 µm; X, 1 µm.

FIG. 6 in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 6. — Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) J.B.Petersen. Images taken from the type population (Quellen bei Leisling, Weissenfels, Germany): A, B, LM views of two frustules connected in girdle view; C-P, LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIG. 3 in Analysis of the type material of Synedra deformis W.Sm. and Synedra vaucheriae var. deformis Grunow (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIG. 3. — Fragilaria candidagilae Almeida, C.Delgado, Novais & S.Blanco. Images taken from the type material (Ribeira do Botão, Mondego River Basin, Coimbra Portugal): A, LM view of two frustules connected in girdle view; B-R, LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length; S, SEM external view of a frustule in girdle view showing the girdle bands, the apical pore fields and the mantle plaques; T, SEM external view of an entire valve; U, SEM external view of an entire small valve; V, SEM external detail of a valve apex with the rimoportula and the apical pore field; W, SEM internal view of an entire valve showing the slightly eccentric position of the rimoportula at one apex. Scale bars: A-U, W, 10 µm; V, 1 µm.

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FIGURES 1–5 in Validation of the name Vaucheria lii (Xanthophyceae, Vaucheriaceae), with a new distributional record

FIGURES 1–5. Morphology of Vaucheria lii from the holotype: 1—fruiting branch with undifferentiated gametangia, the septum is absent; 2–5—fruiting branches with septa, emptied space and differentiated gametangia. Symbols: a—antheridium, dc—distal oogonial cavity, es—emptied space, o—oogonium, op—oogonial pedicel, s—septum. Scale bars: 1–3—50 µm, 4, 5—30 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 7. Light micrographs and illustration of Vaucheria litorea antheridia (E5A). A, C, F. Long cylindrical antheridia with short conical papillae and subtended by a wall bound cavity in a sympodial cluster. B. Wall bound cavity subtending an antheridium (arrow). D, E. Large terminal pore of an antheridium (arrow). E. Sperm material being ejected from pore. G, H. Lateral conical papillae in antheridium (arrows). Scale bars = 200 µm (A, C, F), 100 µm (B, D, E, G, H).

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 3. Light micrographs and illustration of Vaucheria bursata reproductive structures. A, E. UCVFW1. G. UCVFW2. C, D. UCVFW3. B. UCVFW4. H, I. UCVFW5. G. Two oogonia either side of a developing antheridium. I. Two sets of antheridia and oogonia side by side. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 6. Light micrographs and illustrations of Vaucheria aestuarii reproductive structures (G7). A, C, D, F, G. Clavate oogonia with mass of protoplasm left behind by mature oospore (arrows), note there is no wall bound cavity subtending the oogonia. E. Long cylindrical antheridia with short cylindrical- conical papillae (arrows) in a monopodial cluster, subtended by a wall bound cavity. H. Antheridium with a wall bound cavity (arrow). I. Antheridia in a monopodial cluster, note 2 wall bound cavities (arrows) in a single antheridium separated by a mass of sperm. Bars = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2. 50 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 2. 50% majority rule consensus tree showing Bayesian phylogenies of Vaucheria strains from different habitats in New Zealand (indicated in bold) based on the phylogenetic analysis of the rbcL gene and partial rbcL-rbcS spacer region. Support numbers and branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ Maximum Parsimony bootstrap values. The different taxonomic sections of the strains are as in Andersen and Bailey (2002) and the presence and absence of a gametophore bearing antheridia and oogonia are indicated beside the tree. Scale bar = 0.1 substitutions/site. Substitution model and data sets described in text.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 5. Light micrographs and illustrations of Vaucheria erythrospora reproductive structures (UCVBW1). A–D, H. Two pendant oogonia borne laterally on pedicels to 1 circinate antheridium. E, G. Gametophore with a single oogonia; note distal oogonial cavity (arrow). F. Mature oogonia broken off from gametophore, note characteristic red colouration of the oospore and distal oogonial cavity. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 8. Light micrographs and illustrations of Vaucheria edaphica reproductive structures (UCVT1). A, C, G, I. Gametophore bearing pendent, mostly sessile oogonia with distal prominence and a circinate antheridium, note oospores covering entire portion of oogonium. B, D. Single reniform oogonium with circinate antheridium. E, F. Developing oogonia; note green colouration. J, K, L. Variations of gametophore arrangement. Scale bars = 20 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 4. Light micrographs and illustration of Vaucheria borealis reproductive structures (UCVFW6). A. Antheridium with developing oogonia. B, C, F. Single ovoid oogonia with a horizontal beak and an evenly textured, smooth wall and a circinate antheridium; note reddish colouration of mature oogonial pedicel in C, D. Mature antheridium. E. Mature oogonium with characteristic reddish oospore, smooth wall, horizontal beak (arrows). Scale bars = 20 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand

FIGURE 1. Map of the collection sites in Canterbury (black dots). Inset map shows collection site of marine sample, Whangateau Harbour (black dot), Auckland and also the location of the main collection area in Canterbury, New Zealand.