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20 results for “Vegetation recovery”
Plant Removal Study: Recovery of Vegetation Following Disturbance at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
In 1995, a removal study was initiated at the Sevilleta LTER to examine the response of vegetation following the removal of dominant species. Five sites were selected that were dominated by either blue grama (site 1), blue and black grama (site 2), black grama (site 3), black grama and creosote (site 4), or creosote (site 5). A sixth site was later added in the blue grama community along the foothills of the Los Pinos Mountains (site 6). At sites 1, 3, 5, and 6, five 3m x 4m plots had all plants of the dominant species removed; five 3m x 4m plots were controls. At site 2, 5 plots had blue grama removed, 5 plots had black grama removed, and 5 plots were controls. At site 4, 5 plots had black grama removed, 5 plots had creosote removed, and 5 plots were controls. Initial cover prior to removal was estimated by species for each plot. Grass was removed using a shovel to collect above-ground biomass and crowns just below the soil surface. Shrubs were removed using large clippers to collect above-ground biomass to the soil surface. All biomass removed was bagged, dried, and weighed. Plot maintenance or removal of the target dominant species is performed annually or as needed. Rain gauges were installed at each site and the corners of the areas containing each set of plots GPS'd. Plot corners are marked by nails and are flagged periodically to aid identification and minimize foot traffic in the plots. Each northeast nail has a metal tag with site and plot number on it. Erosion bridges (1 m long) were installed in plots 1, 3 and 5 (removals and controls) at sites 1-5. Initial measurements were made in 1996.
Model output, drivers and parameters for Ecosystem Recovery from Disturbance is Constrained by N Cycle Openness, Vegetation-Soil N Distribution, Form of N Losses, and the Balance Between Vegetation and Soil-Microbial Processes
Files used to generate the data for figures in: Rastetter, EB, Kling, GW, Shaver, GR, Crump, BC, Gough, L. Ecosystem Recovery from Disturbance Is Constrained by N Cycle Openness, Vegetation-Soil N Distribution, Form of N Losses, and the Balance between Vegetation and Soil-Microbial Processes. Ecosystems (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00542-3. This paper present a framework for assessing biogeochemical recovery of terrestrial ecosystems from disturbance. We identify three recovery phases. In Phase 1, nitrogen is redistributed from soil organic matter to vegetation, but the ecosystem continues to lose nitrogen because the recovering vegetation cannot take up nitrogen as fast as it is released from soil. In Phase 2, the ecosystem begins re-accumulating nitrogen and converges on a quasi-steady state in which vegetation and soil-microbial processes are in balance. In Phase 3, vegetation and soil-microbial processes remain in balance and the ecosystem slowly re-accumulates the remaining nitrogen.
Data from: Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes
1. In the context of on-going climatic warming, forest landscapes face increasing risk of conversion to non-forest vegetation through alteration of their fire regimes and their post-fire recovery dynamics. However, this pressure could be amplified or dampened, depending on how fire-driven changes to vegetation feed back to alter the extent or behavior of subsequent fires. 2. Here we develop a mathematical model to formalize understanding of how fire–vegetation feedbacks and the time to forest recovery following high-severity (i.e., stand-replacing) fire affect the extent and stability of forest cover across landscapes facing altered fire regimes. We evaluate responses to increasing burn rates while varying the direction (negative vs. positive) of fire–vegetation feedbacks under a continuum of values for feedback strength and post-fire recovery time to determine how interactions among these variables produce thresholds and tipping points in landscape responses to changing fire regimes. 3. Where the early-seral vegetation is less fire-prone than older forests, negative feedbacks limited the reductions in forest cover in response to increased fire frequency or slower forest recovery. By contrast, positive feedbacks (more flammable early-seral vegetation) produced a tipping point beyond which increased burn rates or slower forest recovery drove extensive forest loss. 4. With negative feedbacks, the rates of forest loss and expansion in response to variation in fire frequency were similar. However, where feedbacks are positive, the conversion from predominantly forested to non-forested conditions in response to increased fire frequency was faster than the re-expansion of forest cover following a return to the initial burn rate. Strengthening the positive feedbacks increased this asymmetry. 5. Synthesis. Our analyses elucidate how fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates interact to affect the trajectories and rates of landscape response to altered fire regimes. We illustrate the vulnerability of ecosystems with positive fire–vegetation feedbacks to climate change-driven increases in fire activity, especially where post-fire recovery is slow. Although negative feedbacks initially provide resistance to forest loss with increasing burn rates, this resistance is eventually overwhelmed with sufficient increases to burn rates relative to recovery times.
Landslide age, elevation and residual vegetation determine tropical montane forest canopy recovery and biomass accumulation after landslide disturbances in the Peruvian Andes
<p>Landslides are common natural disturbances in tropical montane forests. While the geomorphic drivers of landslides in the Andes have been studied, factors controlling post-landslide forest recovery across the steep climatic and topographic gradients characteristic of tropical mountains are poorly understood.</p> <p>Here we use a LiDAR-derived canopy height map coupled with a 25-year landslide time series map to examine how landslide, topographic, and biophysical factors, along with residual vegetation, affect canopy height and heterogeneity in regenerating landslides. We also calculate aboveground biomass accumulation rates and estimate the time for landslides to recover to mature forest biomass levels.</p> <p>We find that age and elevation are the biggest determinants of forest recovery, and that the jump-start in regeneration that residual vegetation provides lasts for at least 18 years. Our estimates of time to biomass recovery (31.6-37.1 years) are surprisingly rapid, and as a result we recommend that future research pair LiDAR with hyperspectral imagery to estimate forest aboveground biomass in frequently disturbed landscapes.</p> <p>Synthesis: Using a high-resolution LiDAR dataset and a time-series inventory of 608 landslides distributed across a wide elevational gradient in Andean montane forest, we show that age and elevation are the most influential predictors of forest canopy height and canopy variability. Other features of landslides, in particular the presence of residual vegetation, shape post-landslide regeneration trajectories. LiDAR allows for a detailed analysis of forest structural recovery across large landscapes and numbers of disturbances, and provides a reasonable upper bound on aboveground biomass accumulation rates. However, because this method does not capture the effect of compositional change through succession on aboveground biomass, wherein high-wood density species gradually replace light-wooded pioneer species, it overestimates aboveground biomass. Given previously estimated stem turnover rates along this elevational gradient, we posit that aboveground biomass recovery takes at least three times as long as our recovery time estimates based on LiDAR-derived structure alone.</p>
Data from: Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes
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Data for: Understanding post-fire vegetation recovery in Southern California ecosystems with the aid of pre-fire observations from long term monitoring
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Landslide age, elevation and residual vegetation determine tropical montane forest canopy recovery and biomass accumulation after landslide disturbances in the Peruvian Andes
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Data from: Vegetation recovery in tidal marshes reveals critical slowing down under increased inundation
A declining rate of recovery following disturbance has been proposed as an important early warning for impending tipping points in complex systems. Despite extensive theoretical and laboratory studies, this 'critical slowing down' remains largely untested in the complex settings of real-world ecosystems. Here, we provide both observational and experimental support of critical slowing down along natural stress gradients in tidal marsh ecosystems. Time series of aerial images of European marsh development reveal a consistent lengthening of recovery time as inundation stress increases. We corroborate this finding with transplantation experiments in European and North American tidal marshes. In particular, our results emphasize the power of direct observational or experimental measures of recovery over indirect statistical signatures, such as spatial variance or autocorrelation. Our results indicate that the phenomenon of critical slowing down can provide a powerful tool to probe the resilience of natural ecosystems.
Data for 'Post-disturbance recovery drives 21st century vegetation shifts in the Boreal forest in a dynamic vegetation model'
<p>This is the database containing all the LPJ-GUESS output data used in the paper. For LPJ-GUESS model code, refer to https://zenodo.org/record/8065737. For data processing refer to https://github.com/lucialayr/borealRecovery </p> <p> </p> <p>If you are interested in the raw data, please contact me. </p>
Data from: Vegetation recovery in tidal marshes reveals critical slowing down under increased inundation
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Long-term vegetation changes in Nardus grasslands indicate eutrophication, recovery from acidification, and management change as the main drivers
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Questions</p> <p>Which trends and patterns of community change occurred in <em>Nardus</em> grasslands over recent decades in parts of the Continental biogeographic region of Germany? Are patterns and trends consistent across two study regions? Do impacts of environmental changes on <em>Nardus</em> grasslands in Central Europe correspond to those identified in the European Atlantic biogeographic region?</p> <p>Location</p> <p>East Hesse Highlands, Germany</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 2012-2015, we re-surveyed quasi-permanent plots that had been initially surveyed between 1971 and 1987, and re-measured soil parameters. We tested for differences in species frequency and cover, mean Ellenberg indicator values, species richness, and soil variables. Nitrogen- and sulphur-deposition data were analysed to evaluate possible effects of atmospheric pollutants. We used regression- and redundancy analyses to identify environmental drivers responsible for changes in species composition.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Across regions, we found significant increases in soil pH, Ellenberg R and N indicator values, plant-nutrient indicators, forbs, species of agricultural grasslands and of fallows. By contrast, the C:N ratio<em>, Nardus</em> grassland specialists, low-nutrient indicators, and graminoids declined. Changes in species composition were related to changes in pH and management. There was a strong decrease in sulphur and a moderate increase in nitrogen deposition, whose local scale pattern did not correlate with changes in soil parameters. However, there was an effect of local NH<sub>y</sub> changes on species composition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings indicate significant overall eutrophication, a trend towards less acidic conditions and insufficient management, which are widely consistent across our study regions and correspond to recent reports of vegetation changes and recovery from acidification in the Atlantic biogeographic region. We assume the reduced sulphur deposition during recent decades to be a major driver of these changes, combined with increased nitrogen deposition and reduced management intensity. This suggests a large-scale validity of processes that influenced changes in <em>Nardus</em> grasslands of Western and Central Europe.</p>
Data from: Both trait-neutrality and filtering effects are validated by the vegetation patterns detected in the functional recovery of sand grasslands
Neutral theory of species assembly means that species assembly is governed by stochastic dispersal processes and fluctuations in established populations. An alternative theory suggests that assembly is strongly determined by functional trait filtering governed by abiotic and biotic filtering selecting species from the local species pool. To test these assumptions, in the current paper we analysed vegetation changes in the first 12 years of succession after heavy goose grazing on acidic sand. With trait-based analyses using permanent plots we addressed the following hypotheses: (i) High fluctuations in the trait values are typical in the first years; later a temporally divergent change in the trait patterns of sites with different vertical position became characteristic. (ii) In the functional diversity of regenerative and vegetative traits we expected different temporal patterns. We confirmed the first hypothesis, as in the first few years most traits displayed high fluctuations with no clear patterns. Our findings weakly supported the second hypothesis; while there were distinct patterns detected in the functional richness of traits, functional divergence and evenness displayed no clear distinctive patterns. We can conclude that both trait neutrality and filtering effects operate in the vegetation changes of the first period of secondary succession.
Reduction in biomass of freshwater arctic vegetation by foraging and nesting hyperabundant herbivores shows recovery
Arctic-nesting geese are specialist herbivores of grasses and sedges (collectively, graminoids). Under moderate grazing pressure, these migratory herbivores can create and maintain arctic grazing lawns with high nutritional content and low aboveground biomass. Nutrient and energy subsidies from southern agricultural landscapes during winter have improved survival among populations of Ross's (Anser rossii) and lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), leading to marked population growth. Resulting goose hyperabundance has raised conservation concern for resilience of arctic ecosystems to withstand cumulative and intense pressures of herbivory and nest construction. We used both design-based (experimental herbivore exclosures) and model-based methods to investigate changes to plant community structure in direct response to foraging and nesting by these species within the Queen Maud Gulf (Ahiak) Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut, Canada. Annual nest construction and foraging by up to ~1.3 million geese at a large colony at Karrak Lake markedly reduced aboveground biomass of forage (graminoids) and non-forage (foliose and fruticose lichens) vegetation, with spatial variation in reduction associated with intensity of use by geese. Within vast brood-rearing regions, foraging reduced above- and belowground plant biomass of lowland plant communities by 61% and 29%, respectively, between 1994 (when herbivore exclosures were established) and 2017. In addition to landscape diversity associated with abiotic properties created by geomorphic processes, long-term herbivory by geese further increased spatial heterogeneity in vegetation at the landscape scale. Although foraging geese nearly completely depleted aboveground plant biomass in some parts of their brood-rearing areas, belowground biomass was largely conserved, and thus, plant communities had strong potential for aboveground regeneration. We propose that effects of high-density nesting and foraging by Ross's and lesser snow geese in the central Canadian Arctic, while extensive, are ephemeral and prone to reversion following cessation of grazing and nesting pressure, such as that afforded by shifts in herbivore distribution or local population decline.
Data from: Both trait-neutrality and filtering effects are validated by the vegetation patterns detected in the functional recovery of sand grasslands
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Reduction in biomass of freshwater arctic vegetation by foraging and nesting hyperabundant herbivores shows recovery
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Data from: Mapping and exploring variation in post-fire vegetation recovery following mixed severity wildfire using airborne LiDAR
There is a public perception that large high severity wildfires decrease biodiversity and increase fire hazard by homogenising vegetation composition and increasing the cover of mid-story vegetation. But a growing literature suggests that vegetation responses are nuanced. LiDAR technology provides a promising remote sensing tool to test hypotheses about post-fire vegetation regrowth because vegetation cover can be quantified within different height strata at fine-scales over large areas. We assess the usefulness of airborne LiDAR data for measuring post-fire mid-story vegetation regrowth over a range of spatial resolutions (10x10m, 30x30m, 50x50m, 100x100m cell size) and investigate the effect of fire severity on regrowth amount and spatial pattern following a mixed severity wildfire in Warrumbungle National Park, Australia. We predicted that recovery would be more vigorous in areas of high fire severity, because park managers observed dense post-fire regrowth in these areas. Moderate to strong positive associations were observed between LiDAR and field surveys of mid-story vegetation cover between 0.5–3m. Thus our LiDAR survey was an apt representation of on-ground vegetation cover. LiDAR-derived mid-story vegetation cover was 22–40% higher in areas of low and moderate than high fire severity. Linear mixed-effects models showed that fire severity was among the strongest biophysical predictors of mid-story vegetation cover irrespective of spatial resolution. However much of the variance associated with these models was unexplained, presumably because soil seedbanks varied at finer-scales than our LiDAR maps. Dense patches of mid-story vegetation regrowth were small (median size 0.01ha) and evenly distributed between areas of low, moderate and high fire severity, demonstrating that high severity fires do not homogenise vegetation cover. Our results are relevant for ecosystem conservation and fire management because they: indicate that native vegetation are responsive and resilient to high severity fire, and show the usefulness of remote sensing tools such as LiDAR to monitor post-fire vegetation recovery over large area in situ.
Global Patterns and Drivers of Post-Fire Vegetation Productivity Recovery
<p>Source data and code related to the research article "Global Patterns and Drivers of Post-Fire Vegetation Productivity Recovery". </p> <p> </p>
COgnitive REhabilitation in Pediatric Patients with ABI, from Vegetative State to Functional Recovery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04499092. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Augment Recovery From Minimally Conscious or Persistently Vegetative States After Traumatic Brain Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01260090. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Mapping and exploring variation in post-fire vegetation recovery following mixed severity wildfire using airborne LiDAR
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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