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5 results for “Vegetative Buffers”
Vegetation Density Across NYC: Analysis of Land Cover Data (2017) within 200 meter Buffers of Points
<p><strong>Summary:</strong></p><p>This repository contains spatial data files representing the density of vegetation cover within a 200 meter radius of points on a grid across the land area of New York City (NYC), New York, USA based on 2017 six-inch resolution land cover data, as well as SQL code used to carry out the analysis. The 200 meter radius was selected based on a study led by researchers at the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which found that for a given point in the city, cooling benefits of vegetation only begin to accrue once the vegetation cover within a 200 meter radius is at least 32% (Johnson et al. 2020). The grid spacing of 100 feet in north/south and east/west directions was intended to provide granular enough detail to offer useful insights at a local scale (e.g., within a neighborhood) while keeping the amount of data needed to be processed for this manageable. </p><p>The contained files were developed by the NY Cities Program of <a href="https://www.nature.org/newyork">The Nature Conservancy</a> and the <a href="https://nyc-eja.org/">NYC Environmental Justice Alliance</a> through the <a href="https://medium.com/gage-nyc/introducing-the-just-nature-nyc-partnership-513612e8c3b4">Just Nature NYC Partnership</a>. Additional context and interpretation of this work is available in a <a href="https://medium.com/gage-nyc/looking-at-cooling-benefits-of-plants-through-nyc-vegetation-data-ccdeb33cbe17">blog post</a>.</p><p> </p><p><i>References:</i></p><p>Johnson, S., Z. Ross, I. Kheirbek, and K. Ito. 2020. Characterization of intra-urban spatial variation in observed summer ambient temperature from the New York City Community Air Survey. <i>Urban Climate</i> 31:100583. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100583">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100583</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>Files in this Repository:</strong></p><p>Spatial Data (all data are in the New York State Plane Coordinate System - Long Island Zone, North American Datum 1983, <a href="https://epsg.io/2263">EPSG 2263</a>):</p><p>Points with unique identifiers (<i>fid</i>) and data on proportion tree canopy cover (<i>prop_canopy</i>), proportion grass/shrub cover (<i>prop_grassshrub</i>), and proportion total vegetation cover (<i>prop_veg</i>) within a 200 meter radius (same data made available in two commonly used formats, Esri File GeoDatabase and GeoPackage):</p><p><i>nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.gdb.zip</i></p><p><i>nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.gpkg</i> </p><p>Raster Data with the proportion total vegetation within a 200 meter radius of the center of each cell (pixel centers align with the spatial point data)</p><p><i>nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.tif</i></p><p>Computer Code:</p><p>Code for generating the point data in PostgreSQL/PostGIS, assuming the data sources listed below are already in a PostGIS database.</p><p><i>nyc_point_buffer_vegetation_overlay.sql</i></p><p> </p><p><strong>Data Sources and Methods:</strong></p><p>We used two openly available datasets from the City of New York for this analysis:</p><p>Borough Boundaries (Clipped to Shoreline) for NYC, from the NYC Department of City Planning, available at <a href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/open-data/districts-download-metadata.page">https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/open-data/districts-download-metadata.page</a> </p><p>Six-inch resolution land cover data for New York City as of 2017, available at <a href="https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Environment/Land-Cover-Raster-Data-2017-6in-Resolution/he6d-2qns">https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Environment/Land-Cover-Raster-Data-2017-6in-Resolution/he6d-2qns</a> </p><p>All data were used in the New York State Plane Coordinate System, Long Island Zone (<a href="https://epsg.io/2263">EPSG 2263</a>). Land cover data were used in a polygonized form for these analyses.</p><p>The general steps for developing the data available in this repository were as follows:</p><p>Create a grid of points across the city, based on the full extent of the Borough Boundaries dataset, with points 100 feet from one another in east/west and north/south directions</p><p>Delete any points that do not overlap the areas in the Borough Boundaries dataset.</p><p>Create circles centered at each point, with a radius of 200 meters (656.168 feet) in line with the aforementioned paper (Johnson et al. 2020).</p><p>Overlay the circles with the land cover data, and calculate the proportion of the land cover that was grass/shrub and tree canopy land cover types. Note, because the land cover data consistently ended at the boundaries of NYC, for points within 200 meters of Nassau and Westchester Counties, the area with land cover data was smaller than the area of the circles.</p><p>Relate the results from the overlay analysis back to the associated points.</p><p>Create a raster data layer from the point data, with 100 foot by 100 foot resolution, where the center of each pixel is at the location of the respective points. Areas between the Borough Boundary polygons (open water of NY Harbor) are coded as "no data."</p><p>All steps except for the creation of the raster dataset were conducted in PostgreSQL/PostGIS, as documented in <i>nyc_point_buffer_vegetation_overlay.sql</i>. The conversion of the results to a raster dataset was done in QGIS (version 3.28), ultimately using the <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_rasterize.html">gdal_rasterize</a> function.</p>
Supporting data for: Post-fire early successional vegetation buffers surface microclimate and increases survival of planted conifer seedlings in the southwestern United States
<p>Climate change and fire-exclusion have increased the flammability of western US forests, leading to forest cover loss when wildfires occur under severe weather conditions. Increasingly large high-severity burn patches are a limitation to natural regeneration because of dispersal distance, increasing the chance that these areas are converted to non-forest. Post-fire planting can overcome dispersal limitations, yet warmer and drier post-fire conditions can still limit survival. Early successional vegetation can alter surface microclimate; however, it is unclear whether this is enough to increase planted seedling survival in southwestern US forests. Here we examined how two shrub species of different canopy density would affect survival rates of planted tree seedlings following a high-severity fire in northern New Mexico. We expected that shrubs with a higher density canopy (Gambel oak) would have a greater effect on buffering below-shrub climate than shrubs with a lower density canopy (New Mexico locust) and seedlings planted under Gambel oak would have higher survival rates. We found that seedlings planted under Gambel oak had survival rates approximately 10% to 35% greater than those planted under New Mexico locust. The higher light availability beneath New Mexico locust corresponded to higher temperatures, lower humidity, and higher VPD, which impacted the mortality of planted tree seedlings. These results suggest that by waiting for post-fire shrub establishment, shrubs can be leveraged to buffer microclimate and increase post-fire planting success in the southwestern US.</p>
Supporting data for: Post-fire early successional vegetation buffers surface microclimate and increases survival of planted conifer seedlings in the southwestern United States
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GIS Shapefile - Riparian vegetation (forest and grass only) within a 100ft buffer of all 1:24K streams in Baltimore City.
Riparian vegetation (forest and grass only) within a 100ft buffer of all 1:24K streams in Baltimore City. Vegetation data used in this analysis came from the MD DNR Forest Service IKONOS-derived Strategic Urban Forest Assessment (SUFA) vegetation layer.
GIS Shapefile - Riparian vegetation (forest and grass only) within a 100ft buffer of all 1:24K streams in Baltimore City, block group
Block group summary of riparian vegetation (forest and grass only) within a 100ft buffer of all 1:24K streams in Baltimore City for only those block groups that intersect the stream buffers. The riparian area consists of all land within a 100 ft buffer of 1:24K streams. Vegetation data used in this analysis came from the MD DNR Forest Service IKONOS-derived Strategic Urban Forest Assessment (SUFA) vegetation layer.
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