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25 results for “Vertical Wind”
Vertical profiles of urban wind speed, wind direction and turbulence measured by LiDAR on campus of University College Cork, Ireland
<p><strong>Vertical Profiles of Urban wind speed, wind direction and turbulence measured by LiDAR on campus of University College Cork, Ireland</strong></p> <p>=================================</p> <p>README version 1.3, 21/07/2022</p> <p>==================================</p> <p>Contact info:</p> <p>Paul Leahy, University College Cork</p> <p>paul.leahy@ucc.ie | +353 21 4902017</p> <p>================================</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p><strong>1. Measurement location and time period</strong></p> <p><strong>2. What is measured (brief description)</strong></p> <p><strong>3. Instrumentation</strong></p> <p><strong>4. CSV file detailed descriptions</strong></p> <p>================================</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>1. Measurement location and time period: </strong></p> <p>North roof of Kane Building, University College Cork (UCC), Ireland.</p> <p>Lat 51 d 53 m 34 s N.</p> <p>Long 8 d 29 m 39 s W.</p> <p>Roof is c. 39 m above sea level, and c. 26 m above ground level (ground level reference point is the car park West of the UCC Kane Building).</p> <p>The measurements were taken over a time period of several months in the years 2013 / 2014.</p> <p>=================================</p> <p><strong>2. What is measured (brief description):</strong></p> <p>* LiDAR Wind speed (horizontal and vertical), wind direction, turbulence intensity at 5 altitudes; reference point (0 m) for these altitudes is the top of the LiDAR instrument c. 1.2 m above roof level.</p> <p>* Air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity.</p> <p>* Wind speed and direction from an ultrasonic anemometer mounted on top of the instrument (c. 1.2 m above roof level).</p> <p>* 10-minute average values (2 files) and high-resolution (c. 23 sec) data (1 file) are provided.</p> <p>See 'CSV file detailed description' below for detailed information.</p> <p>* Diagnostic information.</p> <p>=================================</p> <p><strong>2.1 Surrounding terrain:</strong></p> <p>Surrounding area is urban/suburban. The aspect is northerly.</p> <p>To the West: 2-5 storey buildings, open spaces, suburban.</p> <p>To the South: 2-3 storey buildings, open spaces, trees, river.</p> <p>To the East: 2-3 storey buildings, open spaces.</p> <p>To the North: A higher section of the Kane Building roof (47 m asl), 1-3 storey buildings, suburban.</p> <p>=================================</p> <p><strong>3. Instrumentation:</strong></p> <p>ZephIR 175 continuous wave wind profiling LiDAR with integrated sonic anemometer, temperature, humidity, air temperature pressure sensors and GPS.</p> <p>=================================</p> <p><strong>4. CSV files detailed description:</strong></p> <p><strong>4.1 Data on 10-minute averages:</strong></p> <p>Filename 05092013-03122013_10min_res.csv contains:</p> <p>10 minute averaged data from 05/09/2013 to 03/12/2013.</p> <p>Measurement altitudes: 148 m, 90 m, 69 m, 44 m, 19m above instrument level.</p> <p> </p> <p>Filename 03122013-07082014_10min_res.csv contains:</p> <p>10 minute averaged data from: 03/12/2013 to 07/08/2014.</p> <p>Measurement altitudes: 148 m, 90 m, 50 m, 35 m, 15 m above instrument level.</p> <p>Note: from 19/06/2014 onwards, LiDAR data missing (MET data continues).</p> <p> </p> <p>The first two rows contain header information.</p> <p>Row 1 contains location information (GPS record)) and the measurement altitudes for wind speeds.</p> <p>Sample GPS record: N51535775W8296590 = 51 d 53.5775 m North; 8 d 29.6590 m West.</p> <p>Row 2 contains the data column headers including units.</p> <p> </p> <p>Wind speeds at each altitude are recorded:</p> <p>No of Packets (= number of scan units averaged over) []</p> <p>Wind direction (mean) [deg]</p> <p>Horizontal wind speed (mean) & standard deviation [m/s]</p> <p>Vertical wind speed (mean) & standard deviation [m/s]</p> <p>Horizontal variance [m^2/s^2] </p> <p>Horizontal min [m/s] </p> <p>Horizontal max [m/s] </p> <p>TI (turbulence intensity) []</p> <p> </p> <p>Other meteorological data:</p> <p>Air temperature [<sup>o</sup>C]</p> <p>Pressure [mbar]</p> <p>Rel. Humidity [%]</p> <p>Rain indicator [unitless] Higher values indicate more rain during the averaging interval.</p> <p>Wind Speed [m/s] (column 'MET Wind Speed' measured at the top of the instrument by the ultrasonic anemometer)</p> <p>Wind direction [deg] (column 'MET Direction' measured at the top of the instrument by the ultrasonic anemometer).</p> <p> </p> <p>Other housekeeping and diagnostic data:</p> <p>Instrument tilt [deg]</p> <p>Instrument bearing [deg]</p> <p>GPS data [degrees N, degrees W]</p> <p>Battery voltage [V] </p> <p>Optics, electronics and battery temperature [<sup>o</sup>C]</p> <p> </p> <p>=====================================================</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>4.2 Data with high time resolution (~23 s):</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Filename 05092013-11112013_23s_res.csv contains:</p> <p>High resolution data from 05/09/2013 to 11/11/2013</p> <p>Measurement altitudes: 148 m, 90 m, 69 m, 44 m, 19m.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note on time resolution:</p> <p>The time resolution of processed wind measurements is c. 3 seconds per wind level, and around 8 seconds to reset to the first level. A full wind profile measurement at 5 altitudes therefore takes around (5 x 3) + 8 = 23 s to complete.</p> <p>The raw scanning resolution of the instrument is higher than this, as each wind measurement is an average of several values.</p> <p> </p> <p>Row 1 contains location information (lat, long) and the vertical measurement levels for wind speeds.</p> <p>Row 2 contains the data column headers including units.</p> <p> </p> <p>Wind speeds at each altitude are recorded:</p> <p>No of Packets (= scan units averaged over) []</p> <p>Wind direction (mean) [deg]</p> <p>Horizontal wind speed (mean) & standard deviation [m/s]</p> <p>Vertical wind speed (mean) & standard deviation [m/s]</p> <p>Horizontal variance [m^2/s^2] not defined as measurement interval is too short.</p> <p>Horizontal min [m/s] not defined as measurement interval is too short. </p> <p>Horizontal max [m/s] not defined as measurement interval is too short. </p> <p>TI (turbulence intensity) [] not defined as measurement interval is too short.</p> <p> </p> <p>Other meteorological data:</p> <p>Air temperature [<sup>o</sup>C]</p> <p>Pressure [mbar]</p> <p>Rel. Humidity [%]</p> <p>Rain indicator [unitless] Higher values indicate more rain during the scanning interval.</p> <p>Wind Speed [m/s] (column 'MET Wind Speed' measured at the top of the instrument by the ultrasonic anemometer)</p> <p>Wind direction [deg] (column 'MET Direction' measured at the top of the instrument by the ultrasonic anemometer.</p> <p> </p> <p>Other housekeeping and diagnostic data:</p> <p>Instrument tilt [deg]</p> <p>Instrument bearing [deg]</p> <p>GPS data [degrees N, degrees W]</p> <p>Battery voltage [V] </p> <p>Optics, electronics and battery temperature [<sup>o</sup>C]</p> <p> </p> <p>=====================================================</p> <p><strong>4.3 Quality control indicators:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>9998 atmospheric conditions which adversely affect LiDAR wind speed measurements e.g. fog</p> <p>9999 high quality wind speed measurement not possible e.g. very low wind speed or obscuration of optical path</p> <p>Status Flag 'Green' => good</p> <p>=======================================================</p> <p> </p>
TEAMx-PC22 (TEAMx pre-campaing 2022) - KITcube cloud radar vertical winds in Kolsass
<p>The RPG FMCW dual-pol dual-frequency cloud radar was operated in Kolsass. This data set contains vertical wind speed in 10 s temporal resolution for both frequencies, 94 GHz and 35 GHz. Vertical wind measurements are interrupted by PPI scans, thus there are regular gaps. The data set covers the period from May, 18th, through Sept., 22th, 2022.There were technical problems which caused partly very long measurement gaps especially in the second half of the period. Data are stored as one NetCDF file.<br> </p>
Aerodynamic model comparison for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine
<p>This repository can be used to reproduce the power, thrust, blade forces, and vertical induction from the journal paper 'Aerodynamic model comparison for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine (https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-115)'. The processing and plotting files are in MATLAB format (*.m). As an alternative to MATLAB, Octave can be used to run these files as well.</p>
Vertical Wind and Temperature Gravity Wave Perturbations Derived from Na Lidar Observations
<p>The gravity wave perturbations associated with vertical wind and temperature in the mesopause region for heat flux calculations. </p>
Supplementary Material: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Wakes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
<p>Supplementary material for <em>Energies</em> <strong>2016</strong>, <em>9</em>, 366; doi:10.3390/en9050366:</p> <p><strong>Video S1:</strong> Normalized instantaneous streamwise velocity field both on a vertical plane (<em>x</em>-<em>z</em>) going through the center of the turbine and on a horizontal plane at the equator height of the turbine (Note: the physical time corresponding to this video is 1 minute and 17 seconds, and the size of the blades is magnified for illustration purposes).</p> <p><strong>Video S2:</strong> Normalized instantaneous streamwise velocity field on a horizontal plane at the equator height of the turbine for two cases: when the turbine starts to operate (top) and when the flow has reached statistically steady condition (bottom) (Note: the physical time corresponding to both videos is 1 minute and 17 seconds, and the size of the blades is magnified for illustration purposes).</p>
Numerical simulation of the equatorial plasma bubble: the effect of seeding by the vertical winds and random background noise perturbations.
<p>A wide variety of small-amplitude waves widely exist in the ionosphere and have significant effects on the evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this paper, we simulated equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) seeded by vertical neutral wind perturbations with wavelengths of 125 km and 250 km, and compared the morphology characteristics of plasma bubble structures with those under random noise perturbations in the background density. The numerical results showed that both vertical winds and random background noise perturbations can contribute to the growth of plasma bubbles, and the perturbations under additional random background noise can promote the growth of the plasma bubble structures faster. Additionally, several processes of the nonlinear behavior of bifurcated EPB structures, including bifurcation, pinching, and small-scale turbulent structures, were successfully obtained. Our simulation captured supersonic flows within the low-density plasma structures characterized by vertical velocities of about 1.5 km/s, which is consistent with experimental studies found in the literature.</p>
Vertical profiles of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction observed using UAV over the Mukhrino peatland in June 2022
<p>Vertical profiles of air temperature and relative humidity were measured using the iMetXQ2 sensor onboard DJI Phantom 4 quad-copter; vertical profiles of wind speed and direction were obtained from the Phantom 4 flight logs as produced by the DJI proprietary algorithm. </p>
Dataset of "Vertical-Wind-Induced Cloud Opacity Variation in Low Latitudes Simulated by a Venus GCM"
<p>This dataset contains the GrADS data of Venus GCM results used for figures in the paper "Vertical-Wind-Induced Cloud Opacity Variation in Low Latitudes Simulated by a Venus GCM" by H. Karyu et al. (2022). </p> <p>The file 'dataset_day1' contains the three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of temperature (unit: K), zonal wind velocity (unit: m/s), meridional wind velocity (unit: m/s), vertical wind velocity (unit: m/s), geopotential height (unit: m), cloud mass mixing ratio of mode 1, 2, 2', 3 particles, mass mixing ratio of sulfuric acid, air density (unit: kg/m<sup>3</sup>), cloud mass mixing ratio changing rate of mode 1, 2, 2', 3 particles (unit: 1/s), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of the first Venusian days (117 Earth days). The file 'dataset_day2' contains the same for the second Venusian days.</p> <p>The file 'cloudtau-wc' contains three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of column-integrated optical depth (COD) of mode 1, 2, 2' 3 particles and column mass abundance of mode 1, 2, 2' 3 particles (unit: kg/m<sup>2</sup>), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of 2 Venusian days (234 Earth days). The COD at each altitude corresponds to the integrated value from the top of the atmosphere, and the column mass abundance of each altitude corresponds to the integrated value from the bottom of the atmosphere. The COD is calculated with the cloud mass mixing ratio stored in the file ‘dataset’ and extinction efficiency shown in the paper.</p> <p>The file 'stf-wc' contains two-dimensional (Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of mass stream function (unit: kg/s) and residual mass stream function (unit: kg/s), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of 2 Venusian days (234 Earth days). One should refer to Holton (2004) for the definition of the (residual) mass stream function.</p> <p>The files 'dataset_comp' and 'taudataset_comp' are composite mean data of 'dataset' and 'cloudtau-wc', respectively, in snapshots of every 3 hours for the period of 30 days starting from day 86 of the simulation (Earth day). The composite mean is calculated by averaging atmospheric parameters with respect to the frame moving at the rotation period of 7.1-day.</p> <p>The file ‘scripts’ contains FORTRAN scripts and some additional files to derive the atmospheric parameters stored in 'cloudtau-wc’, 'stf-wc’, 'dataset_comp' and ‘taudataset_comp' from the GCM output file ‘dataset’. Please refer to the ‘README.txt’ contained in ‘scripts’ for how to use FORTRAN scripts, required input files and their output.</p> <p>The .tar.xz files can be extracted in Linux with 'tar Jxvf' command, and .grd and .ctl files with the same stem are generated.</p> <p> </p>
Simulation data used for publication "Seeding of equatorial plasma bubbles by vertical neutral wind" by Yokoyama et al.
<p>The dataset includes two-dimensional simulation output used in the paper.</p> <p>"altitude.dat" and "zonal.dat" contains grid information.</p> <p>"read_n_phi_2D.pro" is an IDL file to read the dataset, with detailed description of each data.</p> <p>The original three-dimensional simulation output is too large to publish at the repository. Author (TY) is willing to share the original data.</p>
Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data
<p>This data set consists of outputs from the EEJ model by Richmond (1973). The data provided is used in the manuscript titled 'Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data' by J. Sreelakshmi et al.</p> <p>Abstract of the manuscript:</p> <p>The wind dynamo in the ionosphere leads to differential motion of ions and electrons, which in turn sets up electric fields and currents. Observations show that daytime lower thermospheric horizontal winds have large vertical gradients. Numerical modelling conducted approximately 50 years ago demonstrated that the zonal wind shears in the ~130-180km altitude range can generate off-equatorial relative minima (dips) in the daytime height-integrated eastward current density, appearing as westward sidebands north and south of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). This study observationally confirms this connection for the first time by combining Ionospheric CONnection explorer zonal wind profiles and Swarm latitudinal zonal currents. We demonstrate observationally that the magnitude of the EEJ sideband current is proportional to the strength of westward turning winds with altitude in the Pedersen conductivity dominated region. Additional numerical experiments explain the importance of wind shear in different altitude regions in generating the sideband current. This study contributes to the better understanding of the neutral wind effect on local current generation.</p>
Doppler lidar vertical wind profiles from Rzecin during POLIMOS 2018
<p>This is data set includes Doppler wind lidar quantities which were calculated from measurements performed between May and September 2018 at <em>PolWET </em>site in Rzecin, Poland (52.75°N, 16.30°E, 59 m a.s.l.) of the Poznan University of Life Sciences</p> <p>The system is a Doppler lidar Stream Line (Halo Photonics), which is part of ACTRIS-Cloudnet (Illingworth et al., 2007). The system laser emits at 1.5 μm and the detector is heterodyne using fiber-optic technology. The measurements for this data set consisted of continuous vertically pointing measurements with a temporal resolution of 2 s. A more detailed description of the instrument can be found in (Ortiz-Amezcua et al., 2022)</p>
zEPHYR - Noise and performance correlation of a Savonius type vertical axis wind turbine.
The presented data set consists of noise measurement and performance characteristics obtained as a part of the experimental campaign in the Open Jet Facility (OJF) at Delft University of Technology. The observations have been recorded for a typical Savonius vertical axis wind turbine. Refer to the file "setup" for further experimental campaign details.
Dependence of tropical cyclone weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear on the warm-core strength and height of the initial vortex
<p>This study investigated the dependence of the early tropical cyclone (TC) weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) on the warm-core strength and height of the TC vortex using idealized numerical simulations. Results show that the weakening of the warm core by upper-level ventilation is the primary factor leading to the early TC weakening in response to an imposed environmental VWS. The upper-level ventilation is dominated by eddy radial advection of the warm-core air. The TC weakening rate is roughly proportional to the warm-core strength and height of the initial TC vortex. The boundary-layer ventilation shows no relationship with the early weakening rate of the TC in response to an imposed moderate VWS. The findings suggest that some previous diverse results regarding the TC weakening in environmental VWS could be partly due to the different warm-core strengths and heights of the initial TC vortex.</p>
Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control
<pre>This paper presents a feasibility analysis of vertical wake steering for floating turbines by differential ballast control. This new concept is based on the idea of pitching the floater with respect to the watersurface, thereby achieving a desired tilt of the turbine rotor disk. The pitch attitude is controlled by moving water ballast among the columns of the floater. This study considers the application of differential ballast control to a conceptual 10~MW wind turbine installed on two platforms, differing in size, weight and geometry. The analysis considers: a) the aerodynamic effects caused by rotor tilt on the power capture of the wake-steering turbine and at various downstream distances in its wake; b) the effects of tilting on fatigue and ultimate loads, limitedly to one of the two turbine-platform layouts; and c) for both configurations, the necessary amount of water movement, the time to achieve a desired attitude and the associated energy expenditure. Results indicate that (in accordance with previous research) steering the wake towards the sea surface leads to larger power gains than steering it towards the sky. Limitedly to the structural analysis conducted on one of the turbine-platform configurations, it appears that these gains can be obtained with only minor effects on loads, assuming a cautious application of vertical steering only in benign ambient conditions. Additionally, it is found that rotor tilt can be achieved in the order of minutes for the lighter of the two configurations, with reasonable water ballast movements.Although the analysis is preliminary and limited to the specific cases considered here, results seem to suggest that the concept is not unrealistic, and should be further investigated as a possible means to achieve variable tilt control for vertical wake steering in floating turbines.</pre>
Data from: The effect of initial vortex asymmetric structure on tropical cyclone intensity change in response to an imposed environmental vertical wind shear
<p>Previous studies have investigated how the environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) may trigger the asymmetric structure in an initially axisymmetric tropical cyclone (TC) vortex and how TC intensity changes in response. In this study, the possible effect of the initial vortex asymmetric structure on the TC intensity change in response to an imposed environmental VWS is investigated based on idealized full-physics model simulations. Results show that the effect of the asymmetric structure in the initial TC vortex can either enhance or suppress the initial weakening of the TC in response to the imposed environmental VWS. When the initial asymmetric structure is in phase of the VWS-induced asymmetric structure, the TC weakening will be enhanced and vice versa. Our finding calls for realistic representation of initial TC asymmetric structure in numerical weather prediction models and observations to better resolve the asymmetric structure in TCs.</p>
Data from: The effect of initial vortex asymmetric structure on tropical cyclone intensity change in response to an imposed environmental vertical wind shear
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dependence of tropical cyclone weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear on the warm-core strength and height of the initial vortex
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Wind velocity vertical profile in a 50 m wind mast at Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
<p>A meteorological mast, instrumented with sonic anemometers was implemented during the years 2010-2014, in order to study high frequency wind data at five different heights above the ground. The mast is 50 m height, located about 100 m from the shoreline at the Sisal campus of UNAM. An automated acquisition system recorded raw data in a database (server) directly through a RF link.</p> <p>For more information visit: http://ocse.mx/en/experimento/torre-sisal</p> <p> </p>
Supporting data for "Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades" (previously for ch. 5 of "Mesoscale Cloud Patterns in the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer")
<p>This contains both the data and scripts required to produce the figures in the preprint "Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades". The scripts labeled 1-5 produce the main figures; the other scripts produce supporting data or figures.</p> <p>Earlier versions of this dataset contained the scripts and data supporting Ch. 5 of the PhD thesis "Mesoscale Cloud Patterns in the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer". The scripts labeled 1-5 produce the main figures; the other scripts produce either the underlying data, or supporting figures (prefix S). </p>
Multiscale large-eddy simulations of a low-level jet interacting with a wind farm and terrain (vertical slices of potential temperature)
<p>Multiscale large-eddy simulations of a low-level jet interacting with a wind farm and terrain (vertical slices of potential temperature) using the WRF-LES-GAD approach. Supplementary material part of the paper "Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign", submitted to the Wind Energy Science journal.</p>
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