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11 results for “Vesuvius”
Field data collected from pyroclastic and lahar deposits of the 472 AD (Pollena) and 1631 Vesuvius eruptions
<p><strong><span>Field data collected from pyroclastic and lahar deposits of the 472 AD (Pollena) and 1631 Vesuvius eruptions</span></strong></p> <p><span>Mauro A. Di Vito<sup>1</sup>, Ilaria Rucco<sup>2</sup>, Sandro de Vita<sup>1</sup>, Domenico M. Doronzo<sup>1</sup>, Marina Bisson<sup>3</sup>, Elena Zanella<sup>4</sup></span></p> <p><sup><span>1</span></sup><span> Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy</span></p> <p><sup><span>2</span></sup><span> Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</span></p> <p><sup><span>3</span></sup><span> Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy</span></p> <p><sup><span>4</span></sup><span> Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Torino, Italy</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>This dataset is organized in an Excel file, and it includes all the data collected and reviewed during the last 20 years from drill cores, outcrops, archaeological excavations, stratigraphic trenches, and the existing literature. It focuses on the primary (pyroclastic) and secondary (lahar) deposits of the 472 AD (Pollena) and 1631 eruptions from the Somma-Vesuvius volcano. The aim is to collect stratigraphic, stratimetric, sedimentological, lithological and chronological data to generate distribution maps and to validate the numerical simulations and models for the risk assessment. In particular, this dataset is complementary to – and in support of – the full work by Di Vito et al. (2024), in which the distribution of those deposits all around the Somma-Vesuvius complex and further is presented and discussed. Such dataset was used to inform the shallow-water model of lahars by de’ Michieli Vitturi et al. (2024), which in turns was used by Sandri et al. (2024) to elaborate probabilistic maps of lahar invasion in the Somma-Vesuvius and Apennine areas.</span></p> <p><span>All the data are organized in columns: the first four aim to identify the sites, and so there is a numeric identification code (ID), the name of the site (NAME), and the metric coordinates (East-North) in the UTM WGS 84 – Zone 33 reference projection (X, Y). The last two columns are “MUNICIPALITY” and “PROVINCE” and give a spatial location to the points.</span></p> <p><span>For the two eruptions, several columns have been created:</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“472_PRIM”, “1631_PRIM” and “472_ASH” and “1631_ASH” indicate, respectively, the fallout primary deposits of the eruptions and the primary ash, particularly the ash related to the last phases of the eruptions (generally phreatomagmatic).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“472_SYN” and “1631_SYN” indicate the syn-eruptive lahars related to the two eruptions, recognized from the similar composition between the primary deposit and the lahar and from the evidence of a short-term exposure between the two.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“472_POST” AND “1631_POST” indicate the post-eruptive lahars related to the two eruptions. They are considered “post” when in the deposit there are pumices belonging to older eruptions, indicating their involvement in the progressive erosion of the slopes and valleys, and when there is evidence of long periods without deposition, such as the presence of</span><span> </span><span>slightly humified surfaces or traces of human artifacts (excavations, ploughing).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“EROSION_fallout_472” refers to the sites where it was possible to find erosional unconformities between the pyroclastic deposit of the 472 AD eruption and the lahar, as well as between the lower and upper lahar flow units. The erosional features are for example the lack of one or more primary eruptive layers (eroded by the overlying deposit), a change in the granulometry, or lateral discontinuity of the deposit. </span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Pdyn (kPa)”, “v (m/s)”, “C (%)” and “T” are all the parameters quantified to validate the numerical models and to assess the hazard from lahars. Pdyn is the flow dynamic pressure, which represents the capability of the flow to entrain a clast, and it depends on the velocity (v) and the flow density, which in turn results from a combination of the density of the particles and the water through the “C (%)”, that is the particle volume concentration. To calculate the flow dynamic pressure and the velocity, the parameters taken into account are the dimensions of the biggest clasts and the nature of the clasts (limestone, ceramic, brick, tephra, lava, sandstone, iron) found in the lahar deposits. The concentration is estimated considering some sites in which the flow expands in correspondence with some obstacles (for example a Roman wall). This can be assumed to be the initial height of the flow before the emplacement. Finally, “T” refers to the estimated deposition temperature of the deposit quantified by the magnetic analysis, in particular in some sites where the lahar interacted with anthropogenic structures.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“DEPOSIT (472)” indicates the type of lahar deposit (syn- or post-eruptive) of the 472 AD eruption in which the fragments were found.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“MULTIPLE LAHAR UNITS” indicates the sites in which multiple flow units are vertically identified in the lahar deposits. They are generally a result of rapid and progressive aggradation of multiple flow pulses, each one resulting from single-pulse “en masse” emplacement</span><span>.</span></p>
Dailly Root Mean Square (RMS) of tiltmeter data recorded at Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei
<p>Dailly Root Mean Square (RMS) of tiltmeter data for:</p> <p>1) Vesuvius: time series from October 1<sup>st</sup> 2016 to March 31<sup>th</sup> 2021 recorded at four borehole instruments of the INGV network.</p> <p>2) Campi Flegrei: time series from April 1<sup>st</sup> 2015 to March 31<sup>st</sup> 2021 recorded at three borehole instruments of the INGV network.</p>
Bioarchaeological and palaeogenomic portrait of two Pompeians that died during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD
<p>The archaeological site of Pompeii is one of the fifty-four UNESCO World Heritage sites in Italy, thanks to its uniqueness: the town was completely destroyed and buried by a Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 AD. In this work, we present a multidisciplinary approach with bioarchaeological and palaeogenomic analyses of two Pompeian human remains from the <em>Casa del Fabbro</em>. We have been able to characterize the genetic profile of the first Pompeian’ genome, which has strong affinities with the surrounding central Italian population from the Roman Imperial Age. Our findings suggest that, despite the extensive connection between Rome and other Mediterranean populations, a noticeable degree of genetic homogeneity exists in the Italian peninsula at that time. Moreover, palaeopathological analyses identified the presence of spinal tuberculosis and we further investigated the presence of ancient DNA from <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the power of a combined approach to investigate ancient humans and confirms the possibility to retrieve ancient DNA from Pompeii human remains. Our initial findings provide a foundation to promote an intensive and extensive paleogenetic analysis in order to reconstruct the genetic history of population from Pompeii, a <em>unique</em> archaeological site.</p>
Temperature measurements of an internal fumarolized area of Vesuvius
<pre>Periodic temperature measurements of an internal fumarolized area of Vesuvius (Italy) carried out starting from 2003 with a Gemini Tinytag plus 2 datalogger TGP4020 range -40+125°C with resolution 0.02°C. </pre> <pre>Measurements are made at a depth of 0.1 m. </pre> <pre>The measurements are taken every 30 minutes for the years 2003-2006 and every hour for the following years.</pre> <pre>The coordinates of the measuring point are 33T 451537.2m E, 4519098.5 m N.</pre> <pre>Due to great difficulties in accessing the measurement site, unfortunately, long periods of non-measurement are present in the record. </pre> <pre>Since the measurement area was affected by a landslide, the data before and after 2007 appear to be slightly different.</pre> <p> </p>
Measurement of the fumarole temperature of the north eastern crater rim of Vesuvius -----Long-term variations of fumarole temperature of the north eastern crater rim of Vesuvius (Italy)
<pre>Measurements of the fumarole temperature of the north eastern edge of Vesuvius have been carried out since 1995. The temperature is measured at a depth of 10 cm using a K-type thermocouple. The coordinate of the fumarole is 33T 451833.1m E - 4519224.8m N.</pre> <pre>The monitored fumarole is the one at the highest altitude present on Vesuvius </pre> <p>The fumarole is characterized by low temperatures (59.5 - 75.6 ˚C) and discharge a mixture of air (46% -72%), steam (25% -45%) and CO2 (0.2% -2%). The air is the main component of fumarole, is most likely included in the upper fluids part of the fumarolic ducts found in the highly permeable products of the Vesuvian cone. </p>
Archaeological dataset for the 79 CE Vesuvius eruption uplift
<p>Here data from archaeological excavations are presented, in which some uplift due to the pre-79 CE magma reservoir growth was observed.</p>
Ground thermal image temperatures (Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius) and atmospheric temperature and pressure
<p>The dataset contains the ground thermal image temperatures measured by the thermal infrared camera network of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius (Italy) and the temperature and pressure acquired by a local meteo station. The data refer to the period Jun 25, 2016-May 29, 2020.</p>
Points clouds of the best Somma-Vesuvius gravitative deformation process analog model
<p>Dense points clouds of the best Somma-Vesuvius gravitative deformation process analog model, realized with the Agisoft Photoscan software using a dataset of photos taken with four different cameras.</p>
Evaluation of Fusion Rate Using K2M VESUVIUS® Demineralized Fibers With K2M EVEREST® Spinal System
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02064855. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 7.
Vesuvius deformation modeling, Comsol numerical model code
<p>The java file represenst a set of coherent procedures that allow a multiparametric analysis in the computing environment of the commercial package Comsol. </p> <p>The files .txt and .dat are files needed by the code to run the model. They represents the data related to our model.</p>
DInSAR-SBAS mean velocity data of Somma-Vesuvius Volcano from 1992 to 2010
<p>Ascending and descending components of the mean deformation velocities observed at Somma-Vesuvius Volcano from 1992 to 2010, obtained by DInSAR-SBAS processing.</p>
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