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974 results for “Virginia Coast Reserve”
Survey of small mammals using trapping data on all Virginia Coast Reserve barrier islands south of Parramore Island (inclusive) 1975-1978
During 1975 and 1977 live-trapping surveys of small-mammals of the Virginia Barrier Islands were conducted. Primary species encountered were Oryzomys palustris, Mus musculus, Micrutus pennsylvanicus, Rattus norvegicus, Cryptotis parva, and Peromyscus leucopus. Data is presented as primary trapping records giving the date of capture, island, species, sex and reproductive condition of the captured animal. Each animal was tagged to allow individual identification upon recapture. Each island was typically trapped for 8 days in two 4-day sessions.
End of Year Biomass in Marshes of the Virginia Coast Reserve 1999-2007
NOTE THIS DATASET HAS BEEN SUPERCEDED BY DATASET VCR09159 This is the end of the year biomass information for the megasite marsh study. Annual sampling of a number of salt marshes and transitional zones into the upland was begun in 1999. And has continued annually. Goals The goal of this long-term project is to look at how sea-level rise affects marsh evolution. Seventeen sites along Virginia's eastern shore have been selected to study marsh evolution on both the mainland and the barrier islands. The original project established initial site characteristics.
Surface Elevation Data for the Upper Phillips Creek Marsh at the Virginia Coast Reserve 1998-2025
This dataset contains data from Surface Elevation Tables (SETs), Root SETs (RSET), and Marker Horizons (MH) located at the Virginia Coast Reserve. NOTE: These research plots are highly sensitive to disturbance and should not be approached by anyone not engaged in taking measurements. Mark Brinson, Robert Christian and Linda Blum conceived the experimental design, installed (1997), and measured (1997-2011) the SET and MH. After Mark Brinson died in 2011, Robert Christian and Linda Blum continued SET and MH measurements through 2017. VCR Staff and Keryn Gedan assumed responsibility for SET and MH measurements subsequent to 2017. Linda Blum and Pat Willis installed the RSET (2003). Pat was responsible for measuring the RSET between (2003-2005). Between 2005-2017, Linda Blum was responsible for measuring the RSET in addition to the SET and MH. Subsequent to 2017, Cora Johnson Baird and Keryn Gedan assumed responsibility for RSET measurements.
High and Low Tides of Hog Island Bay, Redbank, VA, and Oyster, VA for the Virginia Coast Reserve 2007-2025
This dataset is a summary version of the 12-minute tide data. It records the date, time and level of tides at high and low tide (as indicated by the data). Water temperatures are also recorded.
Flux Tower Data for Fowling Point Marsh at the Virginia Coast Reserve 2007-2008
This dataset contains measurements of CO2 and H2O concentrations, temperature and wind speed made every 1/10th of a second. Important note: due to the high frequency of measurements, this dataset is very large (>25 GB) and may take a long time to download. For this reason the main vcrflux_cpole.csv file is provided as well in compressed (.gz and .zip) forms which are only about 6 GB. There are two additional files. Tide_PPT_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-per-minute data on tide level, temperature at different heights on the tower and precipitation. Wind_light_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-minute summaries of wind, light, and temperature. The research was conducted at the Virginia Coastal Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) site on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA. The flux tower site (37deg 24'39.85"N, 75deg 50'0.53"W) a lagoonal salt marsh which is located near the area of Fowling point. The site is located at about 2.2 kilometers away from the mainland and 10.7 kilometers away from Hog Island, the nearest barrier island. The flux tower is situated at about 80 meters away from the creek edge, on the lagoonal salt marsh.
End of Year Biomass in Marshes of the Virginia Coast Reserve 1999-2021
Background: Brinson et al. (1995) developed a model representing the change that occurs in ecosystem state (or habitat type) along the shorezone, from the forest -> high marsh -> low marsh -> mud flat, in response to the increased inundation caused by rising sea-level. They suggested that a seaward shift in ecosystem state is largely dependent on local slope and sediment supply. The states are associated with the dominant vegetation found within each. The most seaward (lowest in elevation) state is the mud flat. It is frequently inundated by tide and typically supports algal species. The next landward state is the mineral low marsh; it is dominated by Spartina alterniflora and is typically flooded at high tide. Sediments here may be largely mineral in origin. The next landward state is the high marsh; it may be dominated by S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and Juncus roemerianus. It is occasionally inundated by high tides and the soil is usually organic. The transition zone between the high marsh and the forest is typically dominated by Iva frutescens, Baccharis hamifolia, and Juniperus virginiana. It is only inundated during severe storm surges. The forest may be dominated by either pines or hardwoods and is again flooded with sea water only by storm surges. Goals: The goal of this long-term project is to evaluate how sea-level rise affects marsh evolution and ecosystem state change. Seventeen sites along Virginia's eastern shore have been selected to study marsh evolution on both the mainland and the barrier islands. These sites will be available for long-term seasonal to annual observations. Some sites will also be available for experimentation and short-term studies. The initial project is to establish initial site characteristics. Note, in 2017 a freezer failure caused decomposition of all unprocessed samples. For that reason, most of the data from that year does not distinguish live from dead and many of the species are unidentified. Affected samples are identif
Hourly Meteorological Data for the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER 1989-present
Data from VCR/LTER meteorological stations is listed in comma-separated-value (CSV) files by year. A combined file for all years is also available, sorted by station, date and time, however, unlike the annual files, this combined file is too large for most spreadsheets to handle. A compressed copy of all the .CSV files is included in a single .ZIP file for users who wish to conveniently download a copy of all the data.
Gap-filled Meteorological Data for the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER - 1989-2022
This is a gap-filled dataset of the VCR-LTER meteorological sensor data on a daily level. It includes the csv of the generated data, as well as the R script used to generate it.
Brownsville and Hog Island Surficial Well Data at the Virginia Coast Reserve 1990-2015
Data consist of conductivity, salinity, depth of measurement, depth of water table, temperature for each of 15 sites.
Annual precipitation for the Virginia Coast Reserve 1837-2021
The long-term record of annual precipitation begins in 1837, the first year of systematic recording of precipitation amounts at Fort Monroe, Hampton Roads, VA. This remarkable record continued until 1985. Subsequent to 1985, precipitation records come from the NOAA meteorological station at the Norfolk International Airport.
Variation in Landsat 8-estimated land surface temperature with elevation from Spartina alterniflora marsh cross sections in the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site and Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER sites for winter and summer observations spanning 2013-2018
We estimated land surface temperature from top of atmosphere brightness temperature provided by Landsat 8's band 10 (a thermal band). We collected these measurements first for Spartina alterniflora dominated marsh near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) eddy covariance flux tower. Measurements were collected from pixels along three east-west cross sections that spanned a marsh edge to interior gradient. We extracted Landsat 8 data for all available cloud-free low tide dates during August, September, January and February during the years 2013 to 2018 and associated these with marsh elevation information from a 1 m^2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM), created by Haldik et al 2013, also available from the GCE data catalog (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4c5187ef603f70cd0a77ece24ef0fed9). We rescaled the DEM to the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat 8 (30 x 30 m) where the rescaled elevation was the mean of the constituent DEM values. Ultimately, we used generalized additive models to relate land surface temperature to elevation, while accounting for variation from spatial proximity, transect and sample date. These models revealed that land surface temperature was negatively related to marsh elevation on the marsh platform. We then confirmed the generality of this pattern by rederiving these same relationships for three cross sections of Spartina alterniflora marsh at Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER for winter sampling dates only (data also included here). DEM data for VCR LTER are available at https://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/gisdata/LIDAR/USGS2015/. We used custom R functions that can convert Landsat 8 top of atmosphere brightness temperature or top of atmosphere radiance from band 10 data to land surface temperature, which are available at https://github.com/jloconnell/convert_top_of_atmosphere_thermal_to_land_surface_temperature. Currently, a provisional land surface temperature product is available on earthexplorer.usgs.gov, w
Quantifying the magnitude of storm events that have impacted the Virginia Coast Reserve (2009-2024) using the Cumulative Storm Impact Index (CSII)
This dataset contains a record of storm events along with quantified magnitudes that have impacted the Virginia Coast Reserve between 2009- 2024, minus 2010. We retrieved hourly water level data and monthly datums from the NOAA Tides and Currents database (tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov) for the tide station located in Wachapreague, VA (Station 8631044) to quantify the magnitude of storms using 1) the Storm Erosion Potential Index (SEPI; Zhang et al. 2001), and 2) the Cumulative Storm Impact Index (CSII; Fenster and Dominguez 2022). CSII incorporates the timing and magnitude of previous storms as a measure of cumulative impact, or "storminess". We identified storm events based on storm surge that exceeded two standard deviations (> 2SD) of the average surge and storm tide that exceeded the annual average Mean High Water (MHW) of a semi-diurnal tide (12 hours; SEPI). We then calculated the CSII for each storm as the sum of the SEPI and an exponentially decaying weighting factor (delta) from the previous storm's CSII that accounts for beach recovery that may have occurred between storm events. Here we use delta = 0.3 to best capture storm clustering during the 15 year period (Fenster and Dominguez 2022). Years missing >10% of data were excluded. For detailed methods on the data retrieval process, identifying storms, and quantifying storm magnitude, see Fenster and Dominguez (2022) and Dominguez et al. (2024). We identified a total of 208 storm events with an average of 14.3 events per year +/- 2.3 (SD) and an average annual CSII of 428.1 (m2hr) +/- 196.1 (SD).
Record of storm events and associated water levels for the Virginia Coast Reserve, 1980-2013
This empirical storm record for the Virginia Coast Reserve was created using a 34-year record of hourly wave hindcast data - including wave height (Hs) and wave period (Tp) - from the USACE's Wave Information Studies buoy offshore Hog Island in the Virginia Coast Reserve (Station 63183, 22 m water depth) and hourly records of water level from the nearest NOAA tide gauge (Station 8631044, Wachapreague, VA). The record includes wave and water level statistics for each event relevant for coastal modeling applications: storm start and end times, duration, total water level, still water level, as well as concurrent tidal amplitude, non-tidal residual, Hs, and Tp. The raw data is processed by first removing the 1 yr running median, which accounts for non-stationarity in wave and water level parameters due to inter-annual and decadal variability while maintaining seasonality. The median of the last 3 years is then applied to the entire time series such that the new time series is representative of the current climate. A year-by-year tidal analysis is performed to obtain the tidal amplitude and non-tidal residual. Lastly, water elevations are calculated following the run-up equations of Stockdon et al. (2006). Storm events are then extracted from the corrected time series by conditioning on Hs: events are identified as periods of 8 or more consecutive hours with deep-water significant wave heights greater than 2.1 m, which is the minimum monthly averaged wave height for periods in which waters levels exceeded the measured average dune toe elevation (1.9 m NAVD88) of barriers in the Virginia Coast Reserve. In total, we identify 282 independent sea-storm events over the 34-year record, resulting in an average of 8.3 events per year. See Reeves et al. (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092958) and supplementary information therein for complete details of the methodology.
End of Year Biomass in Marshes of the Virginia Coast Reserve 2021-
Primary productivity is one of the core areas of the LTER Network. The Marsh End-of-Year-Biomass (EOYB) dataset quantifies annual net primary productivity through aboveground plant harvest at peak biomass. The dataset will help to detect changes in marsh zonation, marsh transgression, community assembly, and primary productivity in each of four vegetation zones that span the tidal marsh ecosystem. In six permanent plots (1.5m x 1.5m) in each of the four zones (creek bank, low marsh, high marsh, and transition zone), all aboveground biomass and standing dead biomass in a 0.25m x 0.25m subplot is harvested each year. Biomass is sorted to species and categorized as alive or dead, dried at 60C for 3 days, and dry weight is recorded. End-of-Year biomass data is collected at salt marshes located in Norhtampton Co., VA. Older data (1999-2021), using a different sampling protocol, may be found in dataset VCR09159 (knb-lter-vcr.167).
LIDAR Derived Dune-Crest Elevation Values and Shrub Prediction Morphometrics for the Virginia Coast Reserve Barrier Islands: 2010 - 2017
This dataset includes LIDAR derived dune-crest elevation values for the VCR for 2010-2017. Dune-crest elevation values were sampled every 100 m from Smith to Cedar islands. The ArcGis Pro file includes the location of dune-crest transects. Additionally, this dataset includes island characteristics related to predicting shrub presence or absence for 2010, 2016, and 2017.
Parramore Island of the Virginia Coast Reserve Permanent Plot Resurvey: Tree notes 1996
First 3-5 year resurvey of permanent monitoring plots using essentially the same protocol as the intial survey of 1992-1993 except that: 1.) standing biomass of the herbaceous groundcover was added (including for new lower salt marsh plots) using clip plots at the subplot locations; and 2.) an estimate of landcover/habitat class aggregation was conducted surrounding each plot center out to 60m in the four cardinal directions. Extends baseline data useful for estimating landscape-scale vegetative productivity, mortality, and turnover; for establishing pre-disturbance conditions in the case of later stand- or island-wide disturbance; and for assisting in the ground-truthing of landcover and habitat classification using aerial or satellite remote-sensing imagry.
Parramore Island of the Virginia Coast Reserve Permanent Plot Resurvey: Tree data 1997
This dataset includes both the original 1993 and the resurveyed 1996 data. It includes a number of corrections to the original data, and as such it SUPPLANTS and should be used in place of the older "VCR97011 : Tree Data" dataset.
Parramore Island of the Virginia Coast Reserve Permanent Plot Resurvey: Session data 1996
First 3-5 year resurvey of permanent monitoring plots using essentially the same protocol as the intial survey of 1992-1993 except that: 1.) standing biomass of the herbaceous groundcover was added (including for new lower salt marsh plots) using clip plots at the subplot locations; and 2.) an estimate of landcover/habitat class aggregation was conducted surrounding each plot center out to 60m in the four cardinal directions. Extends baseline data useful for estimating landscape-scale vegetative productivity, mortality, and turnover; for establishing pre-disturbance conditions in the case of later stand- or island-wide disturbance; and for assisting in the ground-truthing of landcover and habitat classification using aerial or satellite remote-sensing imagry.
Parramore Island of the Virginia Coast Reserve Permanent Plot Resurvey: Plot data 1996
First 3-5 year resurvey of permanent monitoring plots using essentially the same protocol as the intial survey of 1992-1993 except that: 1.) standing biomass of the herbaceous groundcover was added (including for new lower salt marsh plots) using clip plots at the subplot locations; and 2.) an estimate of landcover/habitat class aggregation was conducted surrounding each plot center out to 60m in the four cardinal directions. Extends baseline data useful for estimating landscape-scale vegetative productivity, mortality, and turnover; for establishing pre-disturbance conditions in the case of later stand- or island-wide disturbance; and for assisting in the ground-truthing of landcover and habitat classification using aerial or satellite remote-sensing imagry.
Parramore Island of the Virginia Coast Reserve Permanent Plot Baseline Data : Plot Coordinates 1992-1993
This contains coordinates (UTM zone 18N, NAD27) for permanent vegetation plots on Parramore Island. Plots were established using a uniform random number generator to generate random coordinates. One hundred of the random points that fell on the upland portion of Parramore Island (based on the McCaffrey vegetation maps) were selected as plot centers.
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