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123 results for “Visual Acuity”
Sex differences in behavioural and anatomical estimates of visual acuity in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri
<p>Among fishes in the family Poeciliidae, signals such as colour patterns, ornaments, and courtship displays play important roles in mate choice and male-male competition. Despite this, visual capabilities in Poeciliids are understudied, in particular visual acuity, the ability to resolve detail. We used three methods to quantify visual acuity in male and female green swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri), a species in which body size and the length of the male's extended caudal fin ('sword') serve as assessment signals during mate choice and agonistic encounters. Topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) was similar in all individuals and characterized by areas of high cell densities located centro-temporally and nasally, as well as a weak horizontal streak. Based on the peak density of RGC in the centro-temporal area, anatomical acuity was estimated to be approximately 3 cycles/degree (cpd) in both sexes. However, a behavioural optomotor assay found significantly lower mean acuity in males (0.8 cpd) than females (3.0 cpd), which was not explained by differences in eye size between males and females. An additional behavioural assay, in which we trained individuals to discriminate striped gratings from grey stimuli of the same mean luminance, also showed lower acuity in males (1-2 cpd) than females (2-3 cpd). Thus, although retinal anatomy predicts identical acuity in males and females, two behavioural assays found higher acuity in females than males, a sexual dimorphism which is rare outside of invertebrates. Overall, our results have implications for understanding how Poeciliids perceive visual signals during mate choice and agonistic encounters.</p>
Habitat geometry rather than visual acuity limits the visibility of a ground-nesting bird's clutch to terrestrial predators
<p><span>The nests of ground-nesting birds rely heavily on camouflage for their survival, and predation risk, often linked to ecological changes from human activity, is a major source of mortality. </span>Numerous ground-nesting bird populations are in decline, so understanding the effects of camouflage on their nesting behaviour is of relevance to their conservation concern. Habitat three-dimensional (3D) geometry together with predator visual abilities, viewing distance, and viewing angle determine whether a nest is either visible, occluded or too far away to detect. While this link is intuitive, few studies have investigated how fine-scale geometry is likely to help defend nests from different predator guilds. We quantified nest visibility based on 3D occlusion, camouflage, and predator visual modelling in northern lapwing, <em>Vanellus vanellus</em>, on different land management regimes. <span>Lapwings selected local backgrounds that had a higher 3D complexity at a spatial scale greater than their entire clutches compared to local control sites. Importantly, our findings show that habitat geometry – rather than predator visual acuity – restricts nest visibility to terrestrial predators, and that their field habitats perceived by humans as open are functionally closed with respect to a terrestrial predator searching for nests on the ground. </span>Taken together with lapwings' careful nest site selection, our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat geometry for understanding the evolutionary ecology and management of conservation sites for ground-nesting birds.</p>
Measures and models of visual acuity in epipelagic and mesopelagic teleosts and elasmobranchs
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Sex differences in behavioural and anatomical estimates of visual acuity in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri
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Habitat geometry rather than visual acuity limits the visibility of a ground-nesting bird's clutch to terrestrial predators
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Quantifying visual acuity in Heliconius butterflies
<p><em>Heliconius</em> butterflies are well-known for their colourful wing patterns, which advertise distastefulness to potential predators and are used during mate choice. However, the relative importance of different aspects of these signals will depend on the visual abilities of <em>Heliconius</em> and their predators. Previous studies have investigated colour sensitivity and neural anatomy, but visual acuity (the ability to perceive detail) has not been studied in these butterflies. Here, we provide the first estimate of visual acuity in Heliconius: from a behavioural optomotor assay, we found that mean visual acuity = 0.49 cycles-per-degree (cpd), with higher acuity in males than females. We also examined eye morphology and report more ommatidia in male eyes. Finally, we estimated how visual acuity affects <em>Heliconius</em> visual perception compared to a potential avian predator. Whereas the bird predator maintained high resolving power, <em>Heliconius</em> lost the ability to resolve detail at greater distances, though colours may remain salient. These results will inform future studies of <em>Heliconius</em> wing pattern evolution, as well as other aspects in these highly visual butterflies, which have emerged as an important system in studies of adaptation and speciation.</p>
A new, fluorescence-based method for visualizing the pseudopupil and assessing optical acuity in the dark compound eyes of honeybees and other insects
<p>Images reported here are the raw Data set acquired to obtain Figure 6 in the manuscript Rigosi et al, “A new, fluorescence-based method for visualizing the pseudopupil and assessing optical acuity in the dark compound eyes of honeybees and other insects” accepted in Scientific Reports (DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00407-2).</p> <p>Please check the Methods section for a description of the analysis of the eye map obtained with these images.<br> Note that all the images are 16-bit.</p>
The Association of Dry Eye Disease with Functional Visual Acuity and Quality of Life
<p>Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic condition with increasing prevalence. Standard discriminative visual acuity is not reflective of real-world visual function as patients can achieve normal acuities by blinking. Methods: Participants recruited from a tertiary referral eye center were divided into 2 groups – severe DED (with significant, central staining) and comparison group with mild DED (absence of such staining). FVA in both groups were assessed using DryeyeKT mobile application and Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire to assess quality of life (QOL). Results: Among 78 participants (74.4% women), 30 (38.5%) had severe DED and 48 (61.5%) milder DED. In women, severe DED produced significantly worse FVA of 0.53 ± 0.20 vs. 0.73 ± 0.30 in comparison group (p = 0.0064). FVA decreased with increasing age, significant inverse correlation (r = -0.55). A poorer FVA =<0.6 was seen in older patients (68.2 years ± 7.68) vs. FVA > 0.6 in younger patients (58.9 years ± 10.7), p <0.05. When<strong> </strong>adjusting for age, FVA was still 0.107 lower in the severe DED group, p < 0.05. There was significant difficulty in performing specific daily activities in the severe DED group, after adjusting for age, gender and FVA. Conclusions: FVA is reduced in severe DED and older people. Severe DED significantly impacts certain QOL. However, no significant relationship was found between FVA and QOL. FVA is not the only reason for the compromise of health-related QOL in severe dry eye.</p>
New Visual Acuity and Crowding Tests for Better Detection of Amblyopia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03505606. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Recovery of Visual Acuity in People With Vestibular Deficits
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00411216. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Quantifying visual acuity in Heliconius butterflies
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Data from: Surf and Turf Vision: Patterns and predictors of visual acuity in compound eye evolution
<p><span><span>Eyes have the flexibility to evolve to meet the ecological demands of their users.</span><b><span> </span></b><span>Relative to camera-type eyes, the fundamental limits of optical diffraction in arthropod compound eyes restricts the ability to resolve fine detail (visual acuity) to much lower degrees. We tested the capacity of several ecological factors to predict arthropod visual acuity, while simultaneously controlling for shared phylogenetic history. In this study, we have generated the most comprehensive review of compound eye visual acuity measurements to date, containing </span></span><span><span>375 </span></span><span><span>species that span six of the major arthropod classes. An arthropod phylogeny, made custom to this database, was used to develop a phylogenetically-corrected generalized least squares (PGLS) linear model to evaluate four ecological factors predicted to underlie compound eye visual acuity: environmental light intensity, foraging strategy (predator vs. non-predator), horizontal structure of the visual scene, and environmental medium (air vs. water). To account for optical constraints on acuity related to animal size, body length was also included, though this did not show a significant effect in any of our models. Rather, the PGLS revealed that the strongest predictors of compound eye acuity are described by a combination of environmental medium, foraging strategy, and environmental light intensity.</span></span></p>
Evaluation of Near Visual Acuity With ODYSIGHT, a Smartphone Based Medical App in Comparison to a Standardized Method
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03457441. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Purpose is to Evaluate Visual Acuity for Distance, Intermediate and Near and Additionally Contrast Sensitivity at 25% and 10% of Illumination After Implantation of Trifocal IOL, Extended Range of
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07008768. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Preoperative Corneal Measurements Estimate the Corrected Distance Visual Acuity After Corneal Cross-linking
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06522789. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Action Video Games and Stroboscopic Glasses on Dynamic Visual Acuity.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05956938. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 8.
Visual Acuity After the Combined Binocular Implantation of +2.0 Diopters and +3.0 Diopters Oculentis Multifocal Intraocular Lenses.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02633228. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Covert-saccades, Dynamic Visual Acuity and Quality of Life
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02753179. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Relationship of Retinal and Visual Cortex Structure and Visual Acuity After Congenital Cataract Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04976608. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Evaluation of Visual Acuity in Myopic Cataract Patients Using Trifocal Intraocular Lens
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04927117. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.