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45 results for “Visual selection”
Hand-selective visual regions represent how to grasp 3D tools for use: brain decoding during real actions
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Data from: Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance
<p>Trial datasets and timeseries datasets associated with the experiment reported in the manuscript "Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance", by Babak Chawoush, Dejan Draschkow & Freek van Ede</p>
StorAge Selection theory: a visual introduction
<p>This short video provides an introduction to the theory of StorAge Selection, or SAS. SAS is used to simulate material transport through complex systems, like rain water through a watershed and into a stream.</p> <p>The animations in this video were produced using mesas.py: https://github.com/charman2/mesas/</p>
pVACview: an interactive visualization tool for efficient neoantigen prioritization and selection (Supp data)
<p>Supplemental tables for article: <strong>pVACview: an interactive visualization tool for efficient neoantigen prioritization and selection </strong></p>
Figure 3. (Top): Illustration of the therapy selection main menu. This enables the user to select one of three options for the therapy. Stimuli sequence selectors; (Bottom): (a) Short distance – complete visual field; (b) Short distance – macular; (c) Middle-long distance.-Design of a Novel Servo-motorized Laser Device for Visual Pathways Diseases Therapy
<p>distance therapies for the prescribed time suggested by the ophthalmologist.<br> Note that the complete visual field therapy stimulates different parts in the entire visual field<br> whereas macular therapy stimulate only a small part of the visual field, only the first 10° of vision<br> range. In contrast, middle-long distance therapies are not developed inside the device; instead the<br> patient must sit watching a wall, where the stimuli will be presented. Figure 3 (Bottom) shows the<br> sequence selectors for the three different cases. The therapist will choose a desired number of<br> sequences according to the results of the examination to each patient; hence it is completely patient<br> dependent.<br> Once the therapist finishes the particular design of the stimuli sequence, the software<br> automatically displays a window where he can save the customized patient-specific details for future<br> use as a text file.</p>
Data for: Outcomes of multifarious selection on the evolution of visual signals
<p><span>Multifarious sources of selection shape visual signals and can produce phenotypic divergence. Theory predicts variance in warning signals should be minimal due to purifying selection, yet polymorphism is abundant. While in some instances divergent signals can evolve into discrete morphs, continuously variable phenotypes are also encountered in natural populations. Notwithstanding, we currently have an incomplete understanding of how combinations of selection shape fitness landscapes, particularly those which produce polymorphism. We modeled how combinations of natural and sexual selection act on aposematic traits within a single population to gain insights into what combinations of selection favor the evolution and maintenance of phenotypic variation. With a rich foundation of studies on selection and phenotypic divergence, we reference the poison frog genus <em>Oophaga</em> to model signal evolution. </span><span>Multifarious selection on aposematic traits created the topology of our model's fitness landscape by approximating different scenarios found in natural populations. </span><span>Combined, the model produced all types of phenotypic variation found in frog populations, namely monomorphism, continuous variation, and discrete polymorphism. </span><span>Our results afford advances into how multifarious selection shapes phenotypic divergence, which, along with additional modelling enhancements, will allow us to further our understanding of visual signal evolution.</span></p>
Supplementary data for: Selection on visual opsin genes in diurnal Neotropical frogs and loss of the SWS2 opsin in poison frogs
<p><span></span></p> <p><span></span></p> <p>Amphibians are ideal for studying visual system evolution because their biphasic (aquatic and terrestrial) life history and ecological diversity expose them to a broad range of visual conditions. Here we evaluate signatures of selection on visual opsin genes across Neotropical anurans and focus on three diurnal clades that are well-known for the concurrence of conspicuous colors and chemical defense (i.e., aposematism): poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), Harlequin toads (Bufonidae: <em>Atelopus</em>), and pumpkin toadlets (Brachycephalidae: <em>Brachycephalus</em>). We found evidence of positive selection on 44 amino acid sites in LWS, SWS1, SWS2, and RH1 opsin genes, of which one in LWS and two in RH1 have been previously identified as spectral tuning sites in other vertebrates. Given that anurans have mostly nocturnal habits, the patterns of selection revealed new sites that might be important in spectral tuning for frogs, potentially for adaptation to diurnal habits and for color-based intraspecific communication. Furthermore, we provide evidence that SWS2, normally expressed in rod cells in frogs and some salamanders, has likely been lost in the ancestor of Dendrobatidae, suggesting that under low-light levels, dendrobatids have inferior wavelength discrimination compared to other frogs. This loss might follow the origin of diurnal activity in dendrobatids and could have implications for their chemical ecology, biodiversity, and behavior. Our analyses show that assessments of opsin diversification in understudied groups could expand our understanding of the role of sensory system evolution in ecological adaptation.</p>
Data for: Outcomes of multifarious selection on the evolution of visual signals
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Supplementary data for: Selection on visual opsin genes in diurnal Neotropical frogs and loss of the SWS2 opsin in poison frogs
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Decision-related activity and movement selection in primate visual cortex
<p>Fluctuations in the activity of sensory neurons often predict perceptual decisions. This connection can be quantified with a metric called choice probability (CP), and there has been a longstanding debate about whether CP reflects a causal influence on decisions, or an echo of decision-making activity elsewhere in the brain. Here we show that CP can actually reflect a third variable, namely the movement used to indicate the decision. In a standard visual motion discrimination task, neurons in the middle temporal (MT) area of the primate visual cortex responded more strongly during trials in which the animals executed a saccade toward their receptive fields, and less strongly for saccades directed away from the receptive fields. The resulting trial-to-trial variability accounted for much of the CP observed across the neuronal population, and it arose through training. The learned association between MT activity and oculomotor selection was causal, as pharmacological inactivation of MT neurons biased behavioral responses away from the corresponding receptive field locations. These results demonstrate that training on a task with fixed sensorimotor contingencies introduces movement-related activity in sensory brain regions, and that this plasticity can shape the neural circuitry of perceptual decision-making.</p>
SoK: Taxonomy of Attacks on Open-Source Software Supply Chains - Visualization Tool Screenshots & Selected Papers
<p>This artifact complements the paper "SoK: Taxonomy of Attacks on Open-Source Software Supply Chains", submitted at IEEE S&P 2023.</p> <p>The papers selected during the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) are presented in the CSV file.</p> <p>This screenshots display the main features of the visualization tool that allows to explore the taxonomy of attacks on OSS supply chains, as well as the related safeguards and the selected references.</p>
Data for: The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
<p>Predators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution, particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mathematical model of predator vision to test a longstanding hypothesis about the mechanistic basis of selective predation in a <em>Daphnia</em>-microparasite system, which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Bluegill sunfish feed selectively on <em>Daphnia</em> infected by a variety of parasites, particularly in water uncolored by dissolved organic carbon. The leading hypothesis for selective predation in this system is that infection-induced changes in the transparency of <em>Daphnia</em> render them more visible to bluegill. Rigorously evaluating this hypothesis requires that we quantify the effect of infection on the visibility of prey from the predator's perspective, rather than our own. Using a model of the bluegill visual system, we show that three common parasites, <em>Metschnikowia bicuspidata</em>, <em>Pasteuria ramosa</em> and <em>Spirobacillus cienkowskii</em>, decrease the transparency of <em>Daphnia</em>, rendering infected <em>Daphnia</em> darker against a background of downwelling light. As a result of this increased brightness contrast, bluegill can see infected <em>Daphnia</em> at greater distances than uninfected <em>Daphnia</em> - between 19-33% further, depending on the parasite. <em>Pasteuria</em> and <em>Spirobacillus</em> also increase the chromatic contrast of <em>Daphnia</em>. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that selective predation by fish on infected <em>Daphnia</em> could result from the effects of infection on <em>Daphnia</em>'s visibility. However, contrary to expectations, the visibility of <em>Daphnia</em> was not strongly impacted by water color in our model. Our work demonstrates that models of animal visual systems can be useful in understanding ecological interactions that impact disease transmission.</p>
Investigating the Impact of Visual Stimuli on the Auditory Selective Attention in a VR Classroom
<h2>General</h2> <p>The audio-visual Auditory Selective Attention - visual Priming (avASAvisPrim) project serves to investigate the impact of visual stimuli on auditory selective attention switch in a close-to-real-life classroom setting. This dataset consists of a Unity project and Matlab code used to collect data as well as the collected data and R scripts used for evaluation.</p> <p><strong>The dataset contains:</strong></p> <p> Unity project for audiovisual display and the experiment structure<br> Matlab code for experiment preparation and HpFT measurement<br> Data collected in the experiment (experiment performance)<br> R code for data evaluation</p> <h2>Experiment preparation using Matlab</h2> <p>The code and software used to prepare the experiment is provided in the folder "matlab_avASAvisPrim".</p> <p>The Matlab code used to prepare the trials for each participant as well as to measure the HpTFs. For the HpTF measurements, the ITA Toolbox for Matlab was used and is provided (https://git.rwth-aachen.de/ita/toolbox). A developmental version of Virtual acoustics (VA) 2021a (https://www.virtualacoustics.org/VA/overview/) is provided.</p> <p><strong>Software requirements:</strong></p> <p> Matlab 2020a or higher<br> ITA Toolbox for Matlab installed</p> <h2><br>Experiment conduction in Unity</h2> <p>The Unity project is provided in the folder "unity_avASAvisPrim".</p> <p>Therefore, a virtual classroom with some basic furniture is provided. The used models, prefabs and plugins can be found in the Assets folder.</p> <p>The acoustic stimuli for the task are taken from Loh and Fels 2023 "ChildASA dataset: Speech and Noise Material fpr Child-appropriate Paradigms on Auditory Selective Attention" https://doi.org/10.18154/RWTH-2023-00740. </p> <p>This Unity project was intended for the use in virtual reality using an HMD and respective controllers for input. However, it can also be used on a desktop pc. The mode can be changed using the "VRMode" toggle as described below.<br>The audio reproduction is realized using the Unity plugin for Virtual Acoustics (VA, http://www.virtualacoustics.org/ and https://git.rwth-aachen.de/ita/vaunity_package).</p> <p><strong>Software requirements:</strong></p> <p> Unity 2019.4.21.f1.<br> SteamVR 1.19.7<br> Virtual Acoustics v2021a, VAUnity: https://git.rwth-aachen.de/ita/VAUnity</p> <h2><br>Data evaluation</h2> <p>The collected data is provided in the folder "dataEvaluation_avASAvisPrim". This folder contains three types of data: the raw data collected in the experiment (reaction times and error rates). R code for the evaluation of the head tracking data and the questionnaires is provided.</p>
An experimental test of information use by North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa): external habitat cues, not social visual cues, influence initial nest-site selection
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Decision-related activity and movement selection in primate visual cortex
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Data for: The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
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Data from: Top-down selection of visual working memory contents is supported by alpha-band phase-synchronized oscillatory networks
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Dual-feature selectivity enables bidirectional coding in visual cortical neurons
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Data from: Control of adaptive action selection by secondary motor cortex during flexible visual categorization
<p>Adaptive action selection during stimulus categorization is an important feature of flexible behavior. To examine neural mechanism underlying this process, we trained mice to categorize the spatial frequencies of visual stimuli according to a boundary that changed between blocks of trials in a session. Using a model with a dynamic decision criterion, we found that sensory history was important for adaptive action selection after the switch of boundary. Bilateral inactivation of the secondary motor cortex (M2) impaired adaptive action selection by reducing the behavioral influence of sensory history. Electrophysiological recordings showed that M2 neurons carried more information about upcoming choice and previous sensory stimuli when sensorimotor association was being remapped than when it was stable. Thus, M2 causally contributes to flexible action selection during stimulus categorization, with the representations of upcoming choice and sensory history regulated by the demand to remap stimulus-action association.</p>
Spatial point pattern analysis of traces (SPPAT): an approach for visualizing and quantifying site-selectivity patterns of drilling predators
<p>Site-selectivity analysis in drilling predation may provide useful behavioral information of a predator interacting with its prey. However, traditional approaches exclude some spatial information (i.e., oversimplified trace position) and are dependent on the scale of analysis (e.g., arbitrary grid system used to divide the prey skeleton into sectors). Here we introduce the spatial point pattern analysis of traces (<i>SPPAT</i>), an approach for visualizing and quantifying the distribution of traces on shelled invertebrate prey, which includes improved collection of spatial information inherent to drillhole location (morphometric-based estimation), improved visualization of spatial trends (Kernel density and hotspot mapping), and distance-based statistics for hypothesis testing (<i>K</i>-, <i>L</i>-, and pair correlation functions). We illustrate the <i>SPPAT</i> approach through case studies of fossil samples, modern beach-collected samples, and laboratory feeding trials of naticid gastropod predation on bivalve prey. Overall results show that Kernel density and hotspot maps enable visualization of subtle variations in regions of the shell with higher density of predation traces, which can be combined with the maximum clustering distance metric to generate hypotheses on predatory behavior and anti-predatory responses of prey across time and geographic space. Distance-based statistics also capture the major features in the distribution of traces across the prey skeleton, including aggregated and segregated clusters, likely associated with different combinations of two modes of drilling predation, edge- and wall-drilling. The <i>SPPAT </i>approach is transferrable to other paleoecologic and taphonomic data such as encrustation and bioerosion, allowing for standardized investigation of a wide range of biotic interactions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.