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4 results for “Volcanology”
Performance Criteria and Example Parameter Sets Comparing Different Variants of the Ensemble Kalman Filter as Applied to Volcanology
<p>This dataset contains the results of various Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) inversions in which synthetic GNSS and InSAR observations from an inflating magma system are assimilated into numerical models of rock deformation around a pressurized ellipsoidal magma reservoir. Each inversion uses a different variant of the EnKF, with changes to workflow meta-parameters such as the number of ensemble members or the particular update algorithm used. In particular, each filter variant is evaluated by comparing the final output model to the original synthetic model. The specific performance criteria used include (1) the root mean square error (RMSE) between the model predictions and the assimilated observations, as well as normalized misfit terms measuring the filter's ability to resolve (2) reservoir wall tensile stress, (3) easily-observable unique parameters such as reservoir position and aspect ratio, and (4) difficult-to-derive non-unique parameters such as the specific size and internal pressure of the reservoir. The assimilated data include two different scenarios, one in which inflation is caused by pressurization and another in which it is driven by a lateral reservoir expansion. Both datasets are tested with each EnKF variant. Finally, we include example matrices from within an EnKF update step to demonstrate inter-parameter correlations that develop during the assimilation and how they can be mitigated through randomization.</p>
Data for: High-Speed 3D Imaging of Multiphase Systems: Applying SCAPE Microscopy to Analogue Experiments in Volcanology and Earth Sciences
<p>Microscale processes in three-phase suspensions (mixtures of gas, liquids, and solids) can affect the macroscale behavior of the whole suspension. To visualize these small-scale processes at high speed and in 3D, we use a recently developed imaging system: Swept Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE) microscopy. This dataset contains 3D videos taken with SCAPE microscopy of experiments where different phases interact with each other. Each zipped folder contains raw data and processed data for a single experiment. "Case 1" experiments show CO2 bubbles growing on PMMA (acrylic) particles in sparkling water. The "Case 2" experiment shows water droplets suspended in canola oil and flowing through a porous medium made of packed PMMA particles. "Case 3" experiments show growth of injected air bubbles in particle suspensions (either glass beads in immersion oil, or PMMA particles in a refractive index matched liquid).</p> <p>All scaling parameters are provided in Table 1. "info.txt" files contain metadata for the processed hyperstacks.</p> <p>The experiments provided here are discussed in the following publication:<br> Oppenheimer, J.*, Patel, K.*, Lindoo, A., Hillman, E. M. C., and Lev, E.: High-Speed 3D Imaging of Multiphase Systems: Applying SCAPE Microscopy to Analogue Experiments in Volcanology and Earth Sciences. <em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.</em> (In press, 12/2020)</p> <p><br> </p>
Code for noise-based seismic velocity changes estimation with the Bezymianny volcano data set. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research.
<p>This file contains all the data and the python scripts used to estimate seismic velocity changes for the Bezymianny volcano (Klyuchevskoy volcano group). It also includes a guideline README.pdf with the description how to reproduce all the results presented in the paper <strong>Berezhnev Y., Belovezhets N., Shapiro N., Koulakov I. (2022), Temporal changes of seismic velocities below Bezymianny volcano prior to its explosive eruption on 20.12.2017, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</strong></p>
Data from: Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru, published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
<p>We used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations to study the thermal system of the Colca River basin in S Peru. We aimed to determine the geochemistry of thermal waters, identify fluid sources and their origin, estimate reservoir temperature, and discuss the regional tectonic and volcanic framework. Our findings presented in Tyc et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513) corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central region of the Colca River basin. This system exhibits contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical characteristics, variable isotope compositions, distinct reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates near thermal springs. The control of water chemistry in this area is closely linked to the activity of the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber and the presence of tectonic structures, which enable intricate interactions between meteoric waters, magmatic fluids, and gases.</p> <p>Here, we present datasets used in the article (Tyc et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513), including:</p> <p>- Physicochemical characteristics of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 1)</p> <p>- Chemical and isotopic composition of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 2) and those monitored by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 (Table 3)</p> <p>- Chosen molecular ratios discussed in Tyc et al., 2022 (Table 4)</p> <p>- Calculated reservoir temperature with the use of different Na/K geothermometers (Table 5)</p> <p>- Mineral phases in efflorescences precipitating at the water sampling sites (Table 6).</p> <p>Thirty-five sets of water samples were collected in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 using polyethylene bottles of high density (Table 1). Consequently, these were analyzed in the Water Analysis Laboratory at the University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland; Table 2). Water temperatures, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured in the field using portable pH meter CP-315 and conductivity meter CC-315, both with temperature sensors, with an accuracy of ±0.1 °C, ±0.01 pH, and ± 0.1% (up to 19.999 mS/cm) or ± 0.25% (above 20.00 mS/cm), respectively. Discharge of springs was estimated if possible (Table 1). Both cations and anions were analyzed by ion chromatography using Methron 850 Professional Ion Chromatograph with separate Metrosept C4–150 and A-supp 7–250 columns for cations and anions, respectively (Tables 2 and 4). Analysis of water analyses collected by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 was performed at the INGEMMET Chemical Laboratory in Lima with the use of ion chromatography (Dionex ICS 5000) for the determination of anions and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) – VARIAN for cations (Table 3). Isotopic analyses (δ<sup>2</sup>H, δ<sup>18</sup>O) of 17 water samples collected in 2017 were performed at the Stable Isotope Laboratory Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences (Table 2). The δ<sup>2</sup>H values of studied H<sub>2</sub>O were measured using the H-Device peripheral coupled to MAT 253 IRMS (Thermo Scientific) in a dual inlet system. For the determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O in H<sub>2</sub>O, an equilibration technique was used. The analysis used the GasBench II peripheral device (Thermo Scientific) coupled to MAT 253 IRMS with a continuous He flow. The AquaChem 4.0.284 software was used to evaluate the water samples' geochemical properties and calculate reservoir temperature for thermal waters (Table 5). Precipitates found at the water sampling sites were collected separately into plastic bags with strings and sealed boxes. These samples were subsequently analyzed at the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice. The qualitative chemical composition and mineral characteristics were examined using a Philips XL 30 ESEM/TMP scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS; EDAX type Sapphire). The phase composition of the precipitates was determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Philips PW 3710 diffractometer. The XRD data were analyzed and interpreted using the X'Pert HIGHScore Plus software (Table 6).</p>
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