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169 results for “Wallacea”
Data from: Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world's largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
<p><b>Aim: </b>Islands provide opportunities for isolation and speciation. Many landmasses in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) are oceanic islands, and founder-event speciation is expected to be the predominant form of speciation of volant taxa on these islands. We studied the biogeographic history of flying foxes, a group with many endemic species and a predilection for islands, to test this hypothesis and infer the biogeographic origin of the group.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Australasia, Indo-Australian Archipelago, Madagascar, Pacific Islands</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b><i>Pteropus</i> (Pteropodidae)</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>To infer the biogeographic history of <i>Pteropus</i>, we sequenced up to 6169 bp of genetic data from 10 markers and reconstructed a multilocus species tree of 34 currently recognized <i>Pteropus</i> species and subspecies with 3 <i>Acerodon</i> outgroups using <span>BEAST</span> and subsequently estimated ancestral areas using models implemented in <span>BioGeoBEARS</span>.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Species-level resolution was occasionally low because of slow rates of molecular evolution and/or recent divergences. Older divergences, however, were more strongly supported and allow the evolutionary history of the group to be inferred. The genus diverged in Wallacea from its common ancestor with <i>Acerodon</i>; founder-event speciation out of Wallacea was a common inference. <i>Pteropus </i>species in Micronesia and the western Indian Ocean were also inferred to result from founder-event speciation.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>Dispersal between regions of the IAA and the islands found therein fostered diversification of <i>Pteropus </i>throughout the IAA and beyond. Dispersal in <i>Pteropus</i> is far higher than in most other volant taxa studied to date, highlighting the importance of inter-island movement in the biogeographic history of this large clade of large bats.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/ee7b1d15-b0aa-4960-92f5-e2b8ccd5409e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/ee7b1d15-b0aa-4960-92f5-e2b8ccd5409e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/ee7b1d15-b0aa-4960-92f5-e2b8ccd5409e">https://gbif.org/dataset/ee7b1d15-b0aa-4960-92f5-e2b8ccd5409e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figs 1–7. 1 in Wallacea, Pistosia and Neodownesia: three distinct genera and their tribal placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
Figs 1–7. 1 – Neodownesia mediovittata (Gestro, 1920) (Laos: Ban Song Cha, J, 8.7 mm); 2 – N. rubra Gressitt, 1953 (holotype, J, 6.5 mm); 3 – N. sita (Maulik, 1919) (Thailand: Soppong, ♀, 9.0 mm); 4 – Wallacea apicalis Gestro, 1896 (Indonesia: Mentawai Is.: Siberut, 5.3 mm); 5 – Pistosia terminalis (Baly, 1869) (holotype, 9.5 mm, © Natural History Museum, London); 6 – P. maculata (syntype, 12.0 mm, © Museum für Tierkunde, Berlin); 7 – P. testacea (Fabricius, 1801) (Indonesia: Sulawesi: Ahua Creek, 11.1 mm).
Data from: Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world’s largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
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Data from: Leap-frog dispersal and mitochondrial introgression: phylogenomics and biogeography of Limnonectes fanged frogs in the Lesser Sundas Archipelago of Wallacea
Aim: The Lesser Sunda Islands are situated between the Sunda and Sahul Shelves, with a linear arrangement that has functioned as a two-way filter for taxa dispersing between the Asian and Australo-Papuan biogeographic realms. Distributional patterns of many terrestrial vertebrates suggest a stepping-stone model of island colonization. Here we investigate the timing and sequence of island colonization in Asian-origin fanged frogs from the volcanic Sunda Arc islands with the goal of testing the stepping-stone model of island colonization. Location: The Indonesian islands of Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Lembata. Taxon: Limnonectes dammermani and L. kadarsani (Family: Dicroglossidae) Methods: Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from 153 frogs to identify major lineages and to select samples for an exon-capture experiment. We designed probes to capture sequence data from 974 exonic loci (1,235,981 bp) from 48 frogs including the outgroup species, L. microdiscus. The resulting data were analyzed using phylogenetic, population genetic, and biogeographical model testing methods. Results: The mtDNA phylogeny finds L. kadarsani paraphyletic with respect to L. dammermani, with a pectinate topology consistent with the stepping-stone model. Phylogenomic analyses of 974 exons recovered the two species as monophyletic sister taxa that diverged ~7.6 Ma with no detectable contemporary gene flow, suggesting introgression of the L. dammermani mitochondrion into L. kadarsani on Lombok resulting from an isolated ancient hybridization event ~4 Ma. Within L. kadarsani, the Lombok lineage diverged first while the Sumbawa and Lembata lineages are nested within a Flores assemblage composed of two parapatrically distributed lineages meeting in central Flores. Biogeographical model comparison found strict stepping-stone dispersal to be less likely than models involving leap-frog dispersal events. Main conclusions: These results suggest that the currently accepted stepping-stone model of island colonization might not best explain the current patterns of diversity in the archipelago. The high degree of genetic structure, large divergence times, and absent or low levels of migration between lineages suggests that L. kadarsani represents five distinct species.
Figure 54. Four unidentified Cosmophasis species. 1 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 54. Four unidentified Cosmophasis species. 1, Cosmophasis sp. A with a Green Tree Ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) from Pulau Penem in the Fam Islands, just west of Waigeo. 2, Female Cosmophasis sp. B from Sidangoli, Halamhera Island (9.5 mm?). 3, Penultimate male Cosmophasis sp. B from Ternate Island (10.0 mm?). Adults have similar colouration. 4, Adult male Cosmophasis sp. C from Manokwari, West Papua (17.0 mm?). 5-7, Adult male Cosmophasis species D. from Lembeh Island. Photo credits: 1, © Leoš Smutný, used with permission (Smutný 2020); 2-4, © David Knowles, used with permission; 5-7, © Dan Schofield, used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Scofield 2020a, 2020b, 2020c).
Figure 52 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 52. Adult female Cosmophasis waeri sp.nov. from Banda Besar, in alcohol. 3, Ventral view of anterior prosoma with chelicerae in retracted position. 4, Ventral view of anterior prosoma with chelicerae in extended position. Note the single large tooth to the front, and to the rear, of each fang, in a medial position. 5-9, Ventral views of the epigynum. The convexity of the surface of the epigynum is best seen in (5) and (9).
Figure 49 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 49. Immature Cosmophasis valeriae from Bali. Both males and females have the colours of an adult
Figure 46 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 46. Detailed views of the scales of an adult male Cosmophasis valeriae from Bali. 1, Dorsal view of eye region showing alternating bands of light blue and violet-gold iridescent scales. These scales are lanceolate and wavy. 2-4, Details from (1). 5-6, Two views of the scales covering the dorsal opisthosoma. Isolated tracts of blue, lanceolate, iridescent scales are surrounded by a dense array of black, round, and semi-transparent overlapping scales.
Figure 43 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 43 (continued from previous page). Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 7-10, Tengah Estate. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission.
Figure 44 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 44. Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. Photographs © Kwan Han (www.NatureLoveYou.sg), used with permission.
Figure 53 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 53. Sites corresponding to photographic records of Cosmophasis in northeastern Indonesia, with drawings of the dorsal prosoma and opisthosoma of adult males. Background map and data from OpenStreetMap and the OpenStreetMap Foundation, © OpenStreetMap contributors.
Figure 43 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 43 (continued on next page). Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Pasir Ris Park. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission.
Figure 45. Immature Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-2, Penultimate male from Sugei Buloh Wetland Reserve. 3-6 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 45. Immature Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-2, Penultimate male from Sugei Buloh Wetland Reserve. 3-6, Immature or penultimate female. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission.
Figure 42. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 42. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West. 5-7, Mandai Track. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission.
Figure 50 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 50. Male (1-7) and female (8-15) Cosmophasis viridifasciata from Ambon. 1-5, Photographs of a male specimen (Maevia viridifasciata) collected by Odorado Beccari, now in the Thorell collection at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova. 4-5, Ventral and dorsolateral views of left pedipalp. Note the origin of the embolus in a position near 320°. 6-7, Drawings of a left pedipalp based on a specimen from Ambon in the Simon collection, now in the MNHN, Paris (Prószyński 1984). 8-9, Ventral (8) and dorsal (9) views of dissected female epigynum based on a specimen from Ambon in the Simon collection, now in the MNHN, Paris (Prószyński 1984). 10-15, Ventral view of epigynum (10) and other views of a female specimen (Maevia viridifasciata) collected by Beccari, now in the Thorell collection at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova (CL 2.70, CW 2.15, AEW 1.80, PEW 1.80, EFL 1.08, CH 1.55, AL 3.60, AW 1.55). Thorell's collection includes a number of males, females, and immatures of this species. Image credits: 1-5, 10-15, copyright © Joanne Gardzińska, used with permission; 6-7, copyright © Jerzy Prószyński, used with permission. Images shown here can also be accessed in published or posted catalogs (Prószyński 2016, 2020; Metzner 2021).
Figure 41 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 41. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Ubud, Bali. Photographs © Norm Farmer (normfarmerimages), used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Farmer 2018a, 2018b, 2018c).
Figure 26. Four adult female Cosmophasis lami. 1-2 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 26. Four adult female Cosmophasis lami. 1-2, Port Moresby, Papua. 3-4, Singapore. 5, Simpang Ampat, Malaysia. 6-9, Home Fitness Corner, Singapore. Photo credits: 1-2, © Wayne P. Maddison, used under a CC BY 3.0 license; 3-4, © Marcus Ng, used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Ng 2021a, 2021b); 5, © Richard Ong, used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Ong 2019); 6-9, © Nicky Bay, used with permission.
Figure 28 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 28 (continued from previous page). Male Cosmophasis micarioides from Queensland. 7-9, Adult male from Cairns. Photographs (7-9) by James Bailey, used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Bailey 2018d, 2018e, 2018f).
Figure 31 in Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 31 (continued from previous page). Adult female Cosmophasis squamata from Banda Besar (HC-BB1f).
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