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55 results for “Water Use Efficiency”
Data for "How Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability Change Water Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Savanna Ecosystem"
<p>These are flux and meteorological data for the measurement sites ES-LMa (CT; control treatment), ES-LM1 (NT; nitrogen treatment), and ES-LM2 (nitrogen + phosphorus treatment) for the period from 2014-03-20 to 2020-02-01.</p> <p>These data were used for the manuscript:</p> <p>El-Madany, et al. (2021) "How Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability Change Water Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Savanna Ecosystem" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeoscience.</p>
Instrinsic water use efficiency of Ponderosa Pine of the southwestern U.S.
Tree rings were collected from 17 populations of ponderosa pine forests across the southwestern U.S. Carbon isotope of early wood and latewood were then analyzed for each annual ring, from 1960-2017. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gs) chronologies were calculated with adjusted latewood chronologies as used in Strange et al. (2023) Global Change Biology. Details regarding the process of calculating adjusted latewood chronologies can be found in the methods section of Strange et al. (2023) Global Change Biology.
The North American Monsoon Climate System and its influence on Ponderosa pine water use and water use efficiency
All data in this package are presented as used in Strange et al. (2023). Earlywood (EW) and Latewood (LW) isotope chronologies are presented in the delta (d) notation relative to Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) standards. Further details regarding data collection, processing, α-cellulose extraction, etc. can be found in the Global Change Biology manuscript associated with these data.
Standardized Dataset of the Ecosystem's Water Use Efficiency, Gross Primary Productivity and the Evapotranspiration Deficit Index for 1982–2017 over the Middle East
<p>This data aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal variability of Standardized Actual Evapotranspiration (sAET), Gross Primary Productivity (sGPP) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) anomalies series, and the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI). The Middle East (ME), was selected as a case study to monitoring drought events as one of the major natural disasters for the ecosystem. To this end, the yearly gross primary production of GLASS, GIMMS, FloxCom, and VPM datasets for the study area spanning 1982–2017 was used to develop the sGPPR data. On the other hand, the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM-version (v3.3a)), which estimated the several components of terrestrial evaporation (annual actual and potential evaporation (AET, PET)) was used for the same period this aimed to detect the variability of the SEDI.<br> This version of the yearly GLASS-sGPPR dataset (1982–2017) is available for the ME at 0.05° spatial resolution, as the original data of the GPP-GLASS products, While, sGPPR dataset of GIMMS, FloxCom, and VPM are also at annual temporal resolution, and at 0.5 degree spatial resolution spanning 1982–2016 for GIMMS, FloxCom, and 2000-2016 for VPM (Excel wrokbook .xlsx). The SEDI data are also available at 0.25 degree spatial resolution for 1980–2018 ( Raster files (TIFF)). For more details about Standardization of the GPP and evapotranspiration deficit data see: <strong>Alsafadi, K., Al-Ansari, N., Mokhtar, A., Mohammed, S., Elbeltagi, A., Sammen, S. S., & Bi, S. (2021). An evapotranspiration deficit-based drought index to detect variability of terrestrial carbon productivity in the Middle East. <em>Environmental Research Letters</em>. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4765">10.1088/1748-9326/ac4765</a></strong></p>
Dataset for "Meteorological drivers of vineyard water vapour loss and water use efficiency during dry days" [corrected version]
<p>Dataset for "Meteorological drivers of vineyard water vapour loss and water use efficiency during dry days".</p>
Data from: Salicaceae endophyte inoculation alters stomatal patterning and improves the intrinsic water-use efficiency of Populus trichocarpa after a water-deficit
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Greening and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) during a period of high frequency of droughts in the Brazilian Semi-arid
<p>DATA DESCRIPTION</p><p>E = evaporation (mm)</p><p>Et = transpiration (mm)</p><p>GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) (kg C/m<strong>2 </strong>d-1)</p><p>LAI (Leaf Area Index) (m2 leaf m-2)</p><p>PR (Precipitation) (mm)</p><p>WUE (Water Use Efficiency) (kg C/m<strong>2 </strong>d-1 mm-1)</p><p>Areas of study</p><p>CAR = Cariri</p><p>GLO =Gloria</p><p>MAD Madre de Deus</p><p>P7C = Parque 7 Cidades</p><p>PETRO = Petrolina</p><p>TAL = Serra Talhada</p><p>TRI = Triunfo</p><p>XINGO = Xingo</p><p>D = dry season</p><p>R = rainy season</p><p>Months initial</p><p> </p>
Pushing the limits of C3 intrinsic water use efficiency in Mediterranean semiarid steppes: responses of a drought-avoider perennial grass to climate aridification
<ol> <li>Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) reflects the trade-off between photosynthetic carbon gain and water loss through stomatal conductance and is key for understanding dryland plant responses to climate change. <em>Stipa tenacissima</em> is a perennial tussock C<sub>3</sub> grass with an opportunistic, drought-avoiding water use strategy that dominates arid and semiarid steppes across the western Mediterranean region. However, its ecophysiological responses to aridification and woody shrub encroachment, a major land-use change in drylands worldwide, are not well understood.</li> <li>We investigated the variations in leaf stable isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N), nutrient concentrations (N, P, K), and culm water content and isotopic composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>2</sup>H) of paired pure-grass and shrub-encroached <em>S. tenacissima</em> steppes along a 350 km aridity gradient in Spain (10 sites, 160 individuals). </li> <li>Culm water isotopes revealed that <em>S. tenacissima</em> is a shallow-rooted grass that depends heavily on recent rainwater for water uptake, which may render it vulnerable to increasingly irregular rainfall combined with faster topsoil drying under climate warming and aridification. With increasing aridity, <em>S. tenacissima</em> enhanced leaf-level WUEi through more stringent stomatal regulation of plant water flux and carbon assimilation (higher δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O), reaching exceptionally high δ<sup>13</sup>C values (-23 to -21‰) at the most arid steppes. Foliar N concentration was remarkably low across sites regardless of woody shrub encroachment, evidencing severe water and N co-limitation of photosynthesis and productivity. Shrub encroachment decreased leaf P and K but did not affect <em>S. tenacissima</em> water status. Perennial grass cover decreased markedly with both declining winter rainfall and shrub encroachment suggesting population- rather than individual-level responses of <em>S. tenacissima</em> to these changes.</li> <li>The fundamental physiological constraints of photosynthetic C<sub>3</sub> metabolism combined with low foliar N content may hamper the ability of <em>S. tenacissima</em> and other drought-avoider species with shallow roots to achieve further adaptive improvements in WUEi under increasing climatic stress. A drought-avoiding water use strategy based on early stomatal closure and photosynthesis suppression during prolonged rainless periods may thus compromise the capacity of <em>S. tenacissima</em> steppes to maintain perennial grass cover, sustain productivity and cope with ongoing climate aridification at the drier parts of their current distribution. </li> </ol>
Lianas and trees exhibit divergent intrinsic water-use efficiency along elevational gradients in South American and African tropical forests
<p>Elevational gradients provide excellent opportunities to explore long-term morphological and physiological responses of plants to environmental change. We determined the difference in the elevational pattern of foliar carbon isotope composition (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) between lianas and trees, and assessed whether this difference arises from changes in photosynthesis or stomatal conductance. We also explored the pattern of nutrient limitations with the elevation of these two growth forms. We conducted inventories of lianas and trees using standardized techniques along elevational gradients in Ecuador and Rwanda. We determined the values of several foliar traits including <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and chemical traits in dominant liana and tree species. We set up Bayesian linear mixed-effect models to quantify the effects of elevation and these two growth forms, and the difference of the effect of elevation between the two growth forms on each of the foliar traits. We found consistent growth form specific divergences in foliar<i> δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) responses to elevation. While we noted a meaningful increase in foliar <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and C:N with elevation for trees, lianas did not exhibit such a trend. Foliar <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and C:N remained relatively constant for lianas along the transects. The physiological processes at the basis of foliar carbon isotope fractionation shift differently in lianas and trees along elevation. Lianas operate at relatively constant intrinsic water- and nitrogen- use efficiencies with elevation as opposed to trees. Altogether, the study suggests the existence of a functional divergence of water and nutrient use strategies between lianas and trees along tropical elevational transects.</p>
Functionally dissimilar neighbors improve tree water use efficiency through increases in leaf phosphorus concentration
<p><span>Water use efficiency (WUE) is central to the global cycles of water and carbon.</span> However, whether increasing tree diversity in plantation can increase WUE remain poorly understood. Here, we conduct a forest biodiversity experiment with 32 tree species spread in 14 ha in subtropical China to assess the effects of neighboring tree diversity on foliar WUE of <em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em>, a widespread tree plantation species in China. We measure foliar <span>δ<sup>13</sup>C as the proxies of changes in intrinsic WUE. Folia P concentrations of focal trees increase with trait dissimilarities between focal trees and neighbors, and the increased foliar P concentrations improve foliar WUE of focal trees. This neighborhood complementarity effect on WUE is stronger under more shaded neighborhood. However, neighborhood biodiversity did not significantly affect foliar δ<sup>18</sup>O, a surrogate for stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that tree biodiversity increases WUE through the complementary usages of soil P between neighboring tree species.</span></p>
Data from: Overestimated gains in water-use efficiency by global forests
<p><span>Increases in terrestrial water use efficiency (WUE) have been reported in many studies, pointing to potential changes in physiological forcing of global carbon and hydrological cycles. However, gains in WUE are of uncertain magnitude over longer (i.e. >10 years) periods of time largely owing to difficulties in accounting for structural and physiological acclimation. <sup>13</sup>C signatures (i.e., δ<sup>13</sup>C) of plant organic matter have long been used to estimate WUE at temporal scales ranging from days to centuries. Mesophyll conductance is a key uncertainty in estimated WUE owing to its influence on diffusion of CO<sub>2</sub> to sites of carboxylation. Here we apply new knowledge of mesophyll conductance to 464 δ<sup>13</sup>C chronologies in tree-rings of 143 species spanning global biomes. Adjusted for mesophyll conductance, gains in WUE during the 20th century (0.15 ppm y<sup>-1</sup>) were considerably smaller than those estimated from conventional modelling (0.26 ppm y<sup>-1</sup>). Across the globe, mean sensitivity of WUE to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> was 0.15 ppm ppm<sup>-1</sup>. Ratios of internal-to-atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (on a mole fraction basis; <em>c</em><sub>i</sub>/<em>c</em><sub>a</sub>) in leaves were mostly constant over time but differed among biomes and plant taxa – highlighting the significance of both plant structure and physiology. Together with synchronized responses in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, our results suggest that ratios of chloroplastic-to-atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (<em>c</em><sub>c</sub>/<em>c</em><sub>a</sub>) are constrained over time</span><span>. We conclude that forest WUE may have not increased as much as previously suggested and that projections of future climate forcing via CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization may need to be adjusted accordingly</span><span>. </span></p>
Both diversity and functional composition affect productivity and water use efficiency in experimental temperate grasslands
<p>Many experiments have shown that biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning and stability and that this relationship varies with resource availability. However, we still have a poor understanding of the underlying physiological and ecological mechanisms driving diversity effects and how they may interact with soil nutrient availability.</p> <p>We collected data in a grassland experiment factorially manipulating fertilization, species richness, functional composition (slow-growing <i>vs</i>. fast-growing species), and functional diversity in resource economic traits. We measured aboveground productivity, nitrogen (N) uptake, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency by combining a <sup>15</sup>N labelling approach with productivity, gas exchange, and stable isotope measurements in three years differing in rainfall.</p> <p>We found that sown species richness increased aboveground productivity, N uptake and photosynthesis, suggesting that species richness is the most important driver of ecosystem productivity and nutrient cycling. Similarly, photosynthesis was affected by functional composition but not by functional diversity. Water use efficiency was reduced by sown species richness for communities dominated by slow growing species but not for communities dominated by fast growing species. Fertilization increased productivity, N uptake and water use efficiency. The positive effects of high species richness on ecosystem functions were independent of fertility levels.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Our results provide evidence that high species richness in temperate grasslands could enhance productivity and reduce the negative impacts of drought events. Multiple factors and community characteristics are important in driving enhanced ecosystem functioning in biodiverse grasslands and seem to affect functioning and stability through different mechanisms.</p>
Both diversity and functional composition affect productivity and water use efficiency in experimental temperate grasslands
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Balancing water yield and water use efficiency between planted and natural forests: A global analysis
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Higher phosphorus and water use efficiencies and leaf stoichiometry contribute to legume success in drylands
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Functionally dissimilar neighbors improve tree water use efficiency through increases in leaf phosphorus concentration
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Data from:Quantitative wood anatomical characteristics, basal area increments (BAI) and tree-ring derived intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for three coniferous tree species in Central Spain
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Data from: Overestimated gains in water-use efficiency by global forests
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Data from: Land-use legacies influence tree water-use efficiency and nitrogen dynamics in recently established European forests
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The combination of high leaf hydraulic safety and water use efficiency allows alpine shrubs to adapt to high-altitude habitats
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.