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9 results for “Water allocation”
Global monthly sectoral water withdrawal and allocation datasets (QUAlloc, water use and allocation model) at 10 km spatial resolution
<p>Output data of water withdrawals and water allocation per water source from the sectoral water use and allocation model (QUAlloc).</p> <p>Dataset properties:</p> <ul> <li>spatial resolution: 10 km (global-scale)</li> <li>temporal resolution: monthly time-step</li> <li>period: 1980 - 2019</li> <li>units: m3/month</li> </ul> <p>Output datasets:<br> <data_type>_<sector_name>_allocated_to_<source_type>_monthlyTot_1980_2019.nc</p> <ul> <li><data_type><br> <ul> <li>"withdrawal": refers to the water that is withdrawn at a water source level to satisfy the demands within an allocation zone</li> <li>"demand": refers to the withdrawn water that is supplied to each location (cell) where there are demands to satisfy</li> </ul> </li> <li><sector_name> <ul> <li>"domestic"</li> <li>"irrigation"</li> <li>"livestock"</li> <li>"manufacture"</li> <li>"thermoelectric"</li> </ul> </li> <li><source_type> <ul> <li>"renewable_surfacewater": refers to water obtained from the surface water system components (e.g., direct runoff, base flow, interflow, etc.)</li> <li>"renewable_groundwater": refers to water obtained from aquifers that are recharged by percolation from the upper soil layers</li> <li>"nonrenewable_groundwater": refers to water obtained from aquifers not replenished on a human time scale</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The sectoral water use and allocation model used, QUAlloc, can be found at: https://github.com/SustainableWaterSystems/QUAlloc.</p>
Time Allocation for Disinfecting 50 L of Water Over a Traditional Fire vs the InStove Water Purifier in Mbale, Uganda
<p>A chronological time-allocation comparison of tasks performed while disinfecting 50 L of water over a traditional open fire vs the InStove Water Purifier</p>
Input data and scenarios outputs of the Water Resources Research paper "Optimal economic spatial and temporal allocation of green and grey investment to address water security threats : Case Study - Velhas River Basin, Brazil"
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Surface water supply allocation, crop, and disadvantaged community data for the San Joaquin Valley, CA, 2016
<p>Societies globally are struggling to meet freshwater demands while agencies attempt to address water access inequities under a rapidly changing climate and growing population. An understanding of dynamic interactions between people and water, known as sociohydrology, regionally could provide approaches to addressing local water mismanagement and water access inequity. In semi-arid California, local water agencies, primarily agricultural irrigation districts, are at the intersection of rethinking approaches to balance freshwater demands. More than 150 years of complex water governance and management have defined San Joaquin Valley irrigation districts and the region's water access inequities and sociohydrologic instability.</p> <p>Data in this dataset supported analysis of water governance, specifically including surface water and groundwater dependence within and outside of irrigation districts. Additional data includes disadvantaged community designation, allowing for assessment of inequities between water users and the relationship to broader societal inequities.</p>
Surface water supply allocation, crop, and disadvantaged community data for the San Joaquin Valley, CA, 2016
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Data from: Whole-plant metabolic allocation under water stress
Trade-offs between plant growth and defense depend on environmental resource availability. Plants are predicted to prioritize growth when environmental resources are abundant and defense when environmental resources are scarce. Nevertheless, such predictions lack a whole-plant perspective-they do not account for potential differences in plant allocation above- and belowground. Such accounting is important because leaves and roots, though both critical to plant survival and fitness, differ in their resource-uptake roles and, often, in their vulnerability to herbivores. Here we aimed to determine how water availability affects plant allocation to multiple metabolic components of growth and defense in both leaves and roots. To do this, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from experimental studies in the literature. We assessed plant metabolic responses to experimentally reduced water availability, including changes in growth, nutrients, physical defenses, primary metabolites, hormones, and other secondary metabolites. Both above- and belowground, reduced water availability reduced plant biomass but increased the concentrations of primary metabolites and hormones. Importantly, however, reduced water had opposite effects in different organs on the concentrations of other secondary metabolites: reduced water increased carbon-based secondary metabolites in leaves but reduced them in roots. In addition, plants suffering from co-occurring drought and herbivory stresses exhibited dampened metabolic responses, suggesting a metabolic cost of multiple stresses. Our study highlights the needs for additional empirical studies of whole-plant metabolic responses under multiple stresses and for refinement of existing plant growth-defense theory in the context of whole plants.
Data from: Density-dependent, central-place foraging in a grazing herbivore: competition and trade-offs in time allocation near water
Optimal foraging theory addresses one of the core challenges of ecology: predicting the distribution and abundance of species. Tests of hypotheses of optimal foraging, however, often focus on a single conceptual model rather than drawing upon the collective body of theory, precluding generalization. Here we demonstrate links between two established theoretical frameworks predicting animal movements and resource use: central-place foraging and density-dependent habitat selection. Our goal is to better understand how the nature of critical, centrally placed resources like water (or minerals, breathing holes, breeding sites, etc.) might govern selection for food (energy) resources obtained elsewhere – a common situation for animals living in natural conditions. We empirically test our predictions using movement data from a large herbivore distributed along a gradient of water availability (feral horses, Sable Island, Canada, 2008–2013). Horses occupying western Sable Island obtain freshwater at ponds while in the east horses must drink at self-excavated wells (holes). We studied the implications of differential access to water (time needed for a horse to obtain water) on selection for vegetation associations. Consistent with predictions of density-dependent habitat selection, horses were reduced to using poorer-quality habitat (heathland) more than expected close to water (where densities were relatively high), but were free to select for higher-quality grasslands farther from water. Importantly, central-place foraging was clearly influenced by the type of water-source used (ponds vs. holes, the latter with greater time constraints on access). Horses with more freedom to travel (those using ponds) selected for grasslands at greater distances and continued to select grasslands at higher densities, whereas horses using water holes showed very strong density-dependence in how habitat could be selected. Knowledge of more than one theoretical framework may be required to explain observed variation in foraging behavior of animals where multiple constraints simultaneously influence resource selection.
Data from: Whole-plant metabolic allocation under water stress
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Data from: Density-dependent, central-place foraging in a grazing herbivore: competition and trade-offs in time allocation near water
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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OpenNeuro
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