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9 results for “Water vascular system”
Figure 3 in The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system
Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets.
Figure 2 in The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system
Figure 2. Stratigraphic section of the Mesones Group in Purujosa village (type horizon marked by a schematic diagram of Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov.). Abbreviations: Caesar, Caesaraugustian; VD., Valdemiedes Formation.
Figure 5 in The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system
Figure 5. Schematic diagram comparing the number/ symmetry of anterior food grooves in cinctans and a ctenocystoid. M and m indicate the positions of marginal plates and the mouth, respectively.
Figure 4 in The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system
Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, 'virtual' reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate.
Data from: An edrioasteroid from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte of England reveals the nature of the water vascular system in an extinct echinoderm
Echinoderms are unique in having a water vascular system with tube feet, which perform a variety of functions in living forms. Here, we report the first example of preserved tube feet in an extinct group of echinoderms. The material, from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, UK, is assigned to a new genus and species of rhenopyrgid edrioasteroid, Heropyrgus disterminus. The tube feet attach to the inner surface of compound interradial plates and form two sets, an upper and a lower, an arrangement never reported previously in an extant or extinct echinoderm. Cover plates are absent and floor plates are separated creating a large permanent entrance to the interior of the oral area. The tube feet may have captured food particles that entered the oral area and/or enhanced respiration. The pentameral symmetry of the oral surface transitions to eight columns in which the plates are vertically offset resulting in a spiral appearance. This change in symmetry may reflect flexibility in the evolutionary development of the axial and extraxial zones in early echinoderm evolution.
Data from: Water vascular system architecture in an Ordovician ophiuroid
Understanding the water vascular system (WVS) in early fossil echinoderms is critical to elucidating the evolution of this system in extant forms. Here we present the first report of the internal morphology of the water vascular system of a stem ophiuroid. The radial canals are internal to the arm, but protected dorsally by a plate separate to the ambulacrals. The canals zig-zag with no evidence of constrictions, corresponding to sphincters, which control pairs of tube feet in extant ophiuroids. The morphology suggests that the unpaired tube feet must have operated individually, and relied on the elasticity of the radial canals, lateral valves and tube foot musculature alone for extension and retraction. This arrangement differs radically from that in extant ophiuroids, revealing a previously unknown Palaeozoic configuration.
Data from: Water vascular system architecture in an Ordovician ophiuroid
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Data from: An edrioasteroid from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte of England reveals the nature of the water vascular system in an extinct echinoderm
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 1. A, B in The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system
Figure 1. A, B, the geographic and geological setting of the Iberian Chains (north-east Spain), showing the type locality (indicated by a star), and surrounding areas. Modified from Gozalo & Liñán (1988).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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