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325 results for “Weddell Sea”
CTD profiles Peninsula Antarctica-Weddell Sea ECA-59 (January 2023)
<p>CTD profiles Peninsula Antarctica-Weddell Sea ECA-59</p> <p>This dataset includes CTD Castaway deployments at 20 locations along the Peninsula Antarctica-Weddell Sea within the framework of the Antarctic Maritime Campaign ECA-59, conducted by INACH on board the Betanzos Vessel. Data were collected between January 5, 2023 to January 13, 2023. Funded by Programa Areas Marinas Protegidas INACH (2403252)</p> <p>CTD Cast-away serial number (CC2139005)</p> <p>Row1=cruise ECA59</p> <p>Row2_Station type</p> <p>Row3_Date=day/month/year</p> <p>Row_4_Latitude (S)</p> <p>Row_5_Longitude (w)</p> <p>Row_6_ Pressure (Decibar)</p> <p>Row_7_Depth (m)</p> <p>Row_8_Temperature (°C)</p> <p>Row_9_Conductivity (Microsiems per centimeter)</p> <p>Row_10_Salinity (Practical Salinity Units, PSU)</p> <p>Row_11_Sound velocity (Meters per seconds)</p> <p>Row_12_Density (kg per m3)</p>
Weddell seal tracking data from the Weddell Sea (2011)
<p>This animation (.gif) comprises locations from 19 adult Weddell seals (<em>Leptonychotes weddellii</em>) instrumented in February 2011 with telemetry devices. These devices were Sea Mammal Research Unit Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Satellite Relay Data Loggers. These are animal-attached loggers that are manufactured and programmed by the Sea Mammal Research Unit Instrumentation Group at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. Ethical approval for this work was obtained from the University of St Andrews Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee, and from the corresponding committee at the British Antarctic Survey.</p> <p>This dataset is linked to the manuscript Photopoulou et al. 2020 "Sex-specific variation in the use of vertical habitat by a resident Antarctic top predator" Proceedings of the Royal Society B (http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1447) and a preprint on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.152009).</p> <p>The locations are the product of fitting a statistical model to the observed ARGOS location data, taking account of the error class. This animation does not show the originally observed locations. The model used was a continuous time state-space model implemented in the R package foieGras by Ian Jonsen and Toby Patterson (2019) foieGras: Fit Continuous-Time State-Space and Latent Variable Models for Filtering Argos Satellite (and Other) Telemetry Data and Estimating Movement Behaviour. R package version 0.4.01. <https://cran.r-project.org/package=foieGras></p> <p>The animation was created in R (R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/) using the moveVis package by Jakob Schwalb-Willmann (2019). moveVis: Movement Data Visualization. R package version 0.10.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=moveVis</p> <p>The background satellite image is generated by selecting the option [map_service = "mapbox"] in the moveVis function frames_spatial() that was used to generate the .gif file. This uses satellite maps from <a href="https://www.mapbox.com/maps/">https://www.mapbox.com/maps/</a></p> <p>Please note: the background satellite image is static and does not represent the sea ice conditions experienced by the seals in this dataset.</p>
Remote and Local Processes Controlling Decadal Sea Ice Variability in the Weddell Sea
<p>These datasets are based on the 270-yr simulation results of CTR and SAOWED experiments, which include annual average of atmospheric and ocean variables used to make figures in a paper by Morioka and Behera (2021).</p>
FESOM-REcoM model data: A regime shift on Weddell Sea continental shelves with local and remote physical-biogeochemical implications is avoidable in a 2°C scenario
<p>This data set includes the minimal data necessary to reproduce the findings of Nissen et al. (2023). Output of model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM1.4-REcoM2 is provided. In particular, besides information on the model grid, the data set includes annual mean water mass properties (temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, pH) and freshwater fluxes from sea ice and ice shelves and decadal averages of air-sea CO2 fluxes and deep-ocean carbon accumulation rates. Model results are provided from 1980-2100 for the four emission scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 (sorted from low emission to high emission).</p> <p>Please see README for more information on the individual files. </p> <p>Data set belongs to: </p> <p>Nissen, C., R. Timmermann, M. Hoppema, and J. Hauck, 2023: A regime shift on Weddell Sea continental shelves with local and remote physical-biogeochemical implications is avoidable in a 2°C scenario. <em>J. Climate</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1</a>, in press.</p>
Weddell seal diving data from the Weddell Sea (2011)
<p>These data comprise locations and dive metrics from 19 adult Weddell seals (<em>Leptonychotes weddellii</em>) instrumented in February 2011 with telemetry devices. These devices were Sea Mammal Research Unit Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Satellite Relay Data Loggers. These are animal-attached loggers that are manufactured and programmed by the Sea Mammal Research Unit Instrumentation Group at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. Ethical approval for this work was obtained from the University of St Andrews Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee, and from the corresponding committee at the British Antarctic Survey.</p> <p>This dataset is linked to the manuscript Photopoulou et al. 2020 "Sex-specific variation in the use of vertical habitat by a resident Antarctic top predator" Proceedings of the Royal Society B (http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1447) and a preprint on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.152009).</p> <p>The data are structured in long format, so that each row in the dataset represents an observation. The columns in the data are as follows.</p> <p>ID: This a factor variable identifying each individual seal. It has 19 levels.</p> <p>sex: This is a character variable identifying the sex of the seal, either "F" or "M" for female and male.</p> <p>source: This is a factor variable identifying the type of record. It has three levels "dv", "ho" and "sf" for dive, haulout and surface record respectively. </p> <p>start_date: This is a date variable (POSIXct) that gives the date and time of the beginning of an observation in UTC time.</p> <p>end_date: This is a date variable (POSIXct) that gives the date and time of the end of an observation in UTC time.</p> <p>local_start_date: This is a date variable (POSIXct) that gives the local date and time of the beginning of an observation at the geographic location of the seal.</p> <p>end_end_date: This is a date variable (POSIXct) that gives the local date and time of the end of an observation at the geographic location of the seal.</p> <p>fg_lon: This is a numeric variable and gives the longitude of the seal at the local end time of each record. This is the product of fitting a statistical model to the observed ARGOS location data, taking account of the error class. This is not the originally observed location. The model used was a continuous time state-space model implemented in the R package foieGras by Ian Jonsen and Toby Patterson (2019) foieGras: Fit Continuous-Time State-Space and Latent Variable Models for Filtering Argos Satellite (and Other) Telemetry Data and Estimating Movement Behaviour. R package version 0.4.01. <https://cran.r-project.org/package=foieGras></p> <p>fg_lat: This is a numeric variable and gives the latitude of the seal at the local end time of each record. This is the product of fitting a statistical model to the observed ARGOS location data, taking account of the error class. This is not the originally observed location. The model used was a continuous time state-space model implemented in the R package foieGras by Ian Jonsen and Toby Patterson (2019) as above in fg_lon.</p> <p>hour: This is a positive integer variable giving the hour of the day at the local end date.</p> <p>week: This is a positive integer variable giving week of the year at the UTC end date.</p> <p>DURATION: This is a positive integer variable that gives the duration of the record in seconds.</p> <p>MAX_DEP: This is a positive continuous variable that gives the maximum depth (m) visited during a record. This is only zero for haulout records.</p> <p>hunt_secs: This is a positive integer variable that gives the total number of seconds spent in hunting behaviour as calculated using methods developed by Heerah <em>et al.</em> (2019) Validation of dive foraging indices using archived and transmitted acceleration data: The case of the Weddell seal. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</em>, <em>7: </em>30 and in the supplementary material of Photopoulou <em>et al.</em> (2020) Sex-dependent variation in the use of vertical habitat by a resident Antarctic top predator. </p> <p>hunt_prop: This is a numeric variable ranging from 0 to 1. It represents the proportion of dive time spent hunting and is calculated as hunt_secs/DURATION for dive records only.</p> <p>hunt_avgdep: This is a positive continuous variable giving the mean depth (m) of hunting behaviour as calculated using methods described above.</p> <p>hunt_mindep: This is a positive continuous variable giving the minimum (shallowest) depth (m) of hunting behaviour, as calculated using methods described above.</p> <p>hunt_maxdep: This is a positive continuous variable giving the maximum (deepest) depth (m) of hunting behaviour, as calculated using methods described above.</p> <p>bathy: This is a negative continuous variable giving the depth (m) of the seal floor at the record's location based on the IBSCO bathymetry dataset Arndt <em>et al. </em>(2013) The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) Version 1.0—A new bathymetric compilation covering circum‐Antarctic waters. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>40</em>(12): 3111-3117 </p> <p>bathy_std: This is a numeric variable giving the standardised bathymetry value calculated as (bathy-mean(bathy))/sd(bathy).</p> <p>prop_bathy: This is a numeric variable ranging from 0 to 1, giving the proportion of bathymetry reached at the maximum dive depth, calculated as MAX_DEP/bathy.</p> <p>prop_hunt_bathy: This is a numeric variable ranging from 0 to 1, giving the proportion of bathymetry reached at the mean hunting depth, calculated as hunt_avgdep/bathy.</p> <p>dep4ctd: This is a discrete numeric variable diving the depth at which temperature and salinity were extracted from the CTD profile nearest in time to the location of the record. The CTD profile was interpolated at a 10m resolution.</p> <p>psal: This is a positive continuous variable giving the salinity (PSU) at the location of the record, at the depth given by dep4ctd. When there was no hunting, there is an NA.</p> <p>temp: This is a positive continuous variable giving the potential temperature (degrees Celsius) at the location of the record, at the depth given by dep4ctd. When there was no hunting, there is an NA.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 10 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 10. Maximum-likelihood tree of Weddell Sea gromiids (shaded boxes), Arabian Sea gromiids (Aranda da Silva et al., 2006), and Gromia oviformis from shallow-water localities (Burki et al., 2002), based on partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. The numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of bootstrap support,> 50%. Weddell Sea gromiids are grouped into three distinct clades (A, B, and C).
Figure 3 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 3. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of 'honeycomb membrane' layer. D, detail of (C).
Figure 4 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures.
Figure 1 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 1. Stations sampled in the Weddell Sea during the RV Polarstern cruise, leg ANT-XXII/3, from 22nd January to 6th April, 2006. Filled circles indicate sample stations for Gromia marmorea sp. nov. (133#2) at 1584-m depth, Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. (121#7) at ~2600-m depth, and Gromia melinus sp. nov. (81#8 and 80#9) at 3101- and 4392-m depth, respectively.
Figure 2 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens.
Figure 6 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 6. Gromia melinus sp. nov. A, reflected light photograph, station 80#9, at 3103-m depth. B, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of 'honeycomb membrane' layer at a 5000¥ magnification. C, TEM photograph at a 50 000¥ magnification. D, TEM photograph at a 100 000¥ magnification.
Figure 7 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 7. Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs, station 121#7, ~2600-m depth. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7402, agglutinated specimen. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7403, elongate oval specimen (the circle indicates the oral capsule). C, D, irregularly shaped specimen (the circles indicate the oral capsules).
Figure 9 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 9. Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. A–D, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs of the test wall, including the 'honeycomb membrane' layer (hm), station 121#7, ~2600-m depth.
Figure 5 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 5. Reflected-light photographs of Gromia melinus sp. nov. from station 80#9, at 3103-m depth (A–C), and station 81#9, at 4392-m depth (D); photographed in water. A, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7401, subtriangular morphotype. B, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7400, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, asymmetrically irregular morphotype. D, spherical morphotype with two oral capsules. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the polygonal pattern on the wall surface. F, SEM photograph of agglutinated clay particles on the surface of the specimen.
Figure 8 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 8. Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. A, reflected-light photograph, station 121#7, ~2600-m depth; photographed in water. B, C, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the agglutinated wall (the rectangle in C indicates the area shown in D). D, SEM photograph of the perforations on the test surface.
Beneath the Antarctic sea-ice: Fine-scale analysis of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) behaviour and predator-prey interactions, using micro-sonar data in Terre Adélie
<p>In this study, we tried to assess:<br>i) whether and how female Weddell seals feed (frequency, depth, duration) during lactation,<br>ii) what is their utilization of a limited foraging area (benthic or pelagic dives) as they are spatially constrained by the presence of their pup, and<br>iii) how can we characterize their foraging dives and the approach/catching phases using new tools providing a more detailed description of their behaviour.<br>Sonar tags were deployed on three breeding female Weddell seals in Terre Adélie (East Antarctica) in November 2019, to study animals' movements and dives at high resolution (3D acceleration, magnetometry, time and depth and GPS location), as well as information on prey and predator-prey interactions using acoustic data.</p>
Fig. 4 in A new species of Anobothrus (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), with notes on habitat characteristics and an updated key to the genus
Fig. 4. Anobothrus konstantini Säring & Bick sp. nov. A. Complete specimen with one outermost branchia, lateral view, arrow: dorsal ridge on segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), additional material (ZSRO-P2657). B. Long thoracic notochaeta, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). C. Short thoracic notochaeta, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). D. Long notochaeta of the modified segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), additional material (ZSRO-P2658). E. Short notochaeta of the modified segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), additional material (ZSRO-P2658). F. Dorsal view of the anterior end, paratype (ZSRO-P2662). G. Lateral view of thoracic uncinus, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). H. Frontal view of thoracic uncinus, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). I. Lateral view of abdominal uncinus, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). J. Frontal view of abdominal uncinus, additional material (ZSRO-P2658). K. Lateral view of three thoracic segments, arrow: dorsal ridge on segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7) with slightly elevated notopodia, additional material (ZSRO-P2656). L. Lateral view of last thoracic, two intermediate and first abdominal segments, paratype (ZSRO-P2663). Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–E = 100 µm; F, K = 200 µm; G–H = 10 µm; I–J = 5 µm; L = 50 µm.
Fig. 6 in A new species of Anobothrus (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), with notes on habitat characteristics and an updated key to the genus
Fig. 6. Anobothrus konstantini Säring & Bick sp. nov. SEM micrographs. A. Anterior end and thorax, dorsal view, arrows: segment 6 (thoracic chaetiger 5, thoracic unciniger 1) and segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), paratype (ZSRO-P2661). B. Pores in glandular band on segment 6 (TC 5, TU 1), dorsal view, paratype (ZSRO-P2661).C. Elevated ridge with cilia on segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), dorsal view, paratype (ZSRO-P2661). D. Posterior end with papillose pygidium, lateral view, paratype (ZSRO-P2663). E. Last thoracic, two intermediate and first abdominal segments, lateral view, paratype (ZSRO-P2663). F. 4 longer and 3 shorter notochaetae of notopodium on segment 15 (TC 14, TU 10), paratype (ZSRO-P2661). G. Margin of short notochaetae on segment 15 (TC 14, TU 10), paratype (ZSRO-P2661). H. Margin of long notochaetae on segment 15 (TC 14, TU 10), paratype (ZSRO-P2661). I. Modified notochaetae on segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), paratype (ZSRO-P2661). J. Abdominal uncini on abdominal segment 8, frontal view, paratype (ZSRO-P2663). K. Abdominal uncinus on abdominal segment 8, lateral view, paratype (ZSRO-P2663). Scale bars: A, E = 100 µm; B, I = 2 µm; C, D = 20 µm; F, H = 10 µm; G = 3 µm, J–K = 1 µm.
Fig. 5 in A new species of Anobothrus (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), with notes on habitat characteristics and an updated key to the genus
Fig. 5. Anobothrus konstantini Säring & Bick sp. nov., additional material (ZSRO-P2658). Micro-CT graphs, additional material. A. Anterior end with arrangement of branchiae, dorsal view. B. Anterior end with arrangement of branchiae, frontal view (note semicircular arrangement of paleae; arrows: small paleae on each side). C. Frontal view of anterior end, without branchiae or paleae (note: Ampharete-type prostomium). D. Anterior end, transverse section of branchiae, paleae and prostomium (note arrows: small paleae on each side). Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm.
Fig. 3 in A new species of Anobothrus (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), with notes on habitat characteristics and an updated key to the genus
Fig. 3. Anobothrus konstantini Säring & Bick sp. nov. Micrographs of ShirlastainA staining pattern. A. Complete specimen, lateral view with one outermost branchia, additional material (ZSRO-P2657). B. Notochaetae on segment 11 (TC 10), paratype (ZSRO-P2662). C. Modified notochaetae on segment 12 (TC 11, TC 7), paratype (ZSRO-P2660). D. Dorsal view of anterior end, arrow: glandular circular band on segment 6 (TC 5, TU 1), paratype (ZSRO-P2662). E. Lateral view, arrow: reduced neuropodium on segment 5 (TC 4), without uncini, paratype (ZSRO-P2662). F. Lateral view of anterior end, paratype (ZSRO-P2662). G. Lateral view of three thoracic segments, arrow: modified notopodium with dorsal ridge on segment 12 (TC 11, TU 7), paratype (ZSRO-P2662). Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 50 µm, C = 20 µm; D–E = 100 µm; F–G = 200 µm.
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