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7 results for “Wilson's warbler”
Data from: Differential migratory timing of western populations of Wilson's Warblers revealed by mitochondrial DNA and stable isotopes
Molecular markers and stable isotopes have provided important insights into the migratory connectivity of small landbirds. Research integrating these two methods has primarily focused on linking breeding and wintering sites, rather than focusing on timing of migratory movement of different breeding populations. We used mitochondrial DNA and isotopic markers to infer the timing of various breeding populations of migrating Wilson's Warblers (Cardellina pusilla) moving through a migratory stopover site, demonstrating the value of multiple sources of information in estimating the origin of migrants. Using mixed-stock analysis, we found that early spring migrants sampled in southwestern Arizona were dominated by warblers migrating to the West Coast of the contiguous United States, whereas later migrants included a large pulse of birds migrating to Alaska and western Canadian provinces. Stable hydrogen isotope data from individual birds showed the same timing pattern as genetic data. Had we used stable isotopes alone, we would not have been able to infer whether birds later in the migration season were most likely migrating to Alaska or the Interior West, given the large overlap in isotope values between those regions. The lack of mitochondrial group 2, common in the Interior West, in late-season migrants strongly suggests that these birds were migrating to breeding areas in Alaska or other northern regions. Studies that reveal the timing of migration of different breeding populations through stopover sites lay the foundation for more in-depth examination of seasonal interactions between migration and the stationary phases of the annual cycle.
Data from: Genetic variation and seasonal migratory connectivity in Wilson's warblers (Wilsonia pusilla): species-level differences in nuclear DNA between western and eastern populations
There is growing interest in understanding patterns of seasonal migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering sites, both because differences in migratory behavior can be associated with population differentiation and because knowledge of migratory connectivity is essential for understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of migratory species. We present the first broad survey of geographic variation in the nuclear genome of breeding and wintering Wilson's warblers (Wilsonia pusilla), which have previously served as a research system for the study of whether genetic markers and isotopes can reveal patterns of migratory connectivity. Using 153 samples surveyed at up to 257 variable amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, we show that Wilson's warblers consist of highly distinct western and eastern breeding groups, with all winter samples grouping with the western breeding group. Within the west there is weak geographic differentiation, at a level insufficient for use in assignment of wintering samples to specific areas. The distinctiveness of western and eastern genetic groups, with no known intermediates, strongly suggests that these two groups are cryptic species. Analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation shows that the estimated coalescence time between western and eastern clades is roughly 2.3 million years ago, a surprisingly old time of divergence that is more typical of distinct species than of subspecies. Given their morphological similarity but strong genetic differences, western and eastern Wilson's warblers present a likely case of association between divergence in migratory behavior and the process of speciation.
Data from: Differential migratory timing of western populations of Wilson’s Warblers revealed by mitochondrial DNA and stable isotopes
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Dates and numbers of migratory return of territorial and non-territorial male and female Wilson's Warblers
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Data from: Genetic variation and seasonal migratory connectivity in Wilson’s warblers (Wilsonia pusilla): species-level differences in nuclear DNA between western and eastern populations
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Wilson Warbler molting and plumage observations
<p>I made observations of a central California population of Wilson's Warbler, <em>Cardellina pusilla, </em>on or after 1 July over ten breeding seasons. I sighted males in definitive prebasic molt as early as 4 July (in 2007) and as late as 1 September (in 1999). I determined that most territorial males at my study site molted on their breeding territories, and individual molt lasted a maximum of 46 days. Following prebasic molt, territorial males engaged in subdued "post-molt singing," which appeared to last no more than seven days in most males, and which I first heard on 13 August (in 1004), and last heard on 6 September (in 1999). I sighted no female in definitive prebasic molt, nor fresh basic plumage, during the study. Of 13 females sighted on or after 21 July, I confirmed that 11 were in late breeding season uniparental brood care, and I could not rule out late brood care for the other two. Most, and possibly all, females not engaged in late season uniparental brood care appear to have vacated their breeding territories before 21 July, as I saw just two possible after that date. This apparent early departure of the majority of resident females from their breeding grounds was much earlier than the departures of resident males, the last of which I sighted on 10 September (in 1999). Early-departing females presumably underwent prebasic molt after 21 July, and at locations not known. Remaining late-nesting females must have molted much later than did resident males, and also likely later than early-departing resident females, and at unknown locations. I last sighted two uniparental brood-tending females, still in worn plumage, on 26 and 29 August respectively, whereas some males had completed prebasic molt as early as 13 August. Two unique findings of this study are a male/female difference in location of prebasic molt, and a likely dichotomy of prebasic molt timing between females which leave their breeding territories relatively early, and those which remain on their territories in uniparental brood care. Another finding, that most, and perhaps all, territorial male Wilson's Warblers engaged in brief post-molt singing following prebasic molt, is a largely unrecognized behavior, but one previously reported in several other passerine species. Post-molt singing may be a reliable indicator that prebasic molt is complete.</p>
Wilson Warbler molting and plumage observations
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