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555 results for “Woody”
Coarse Woody Debris in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2005
The woody detritus survey is designed to measure coarse woody detritus that includes snags, logs, and stumps, and to estimate fine woody detritus which includes smaller pieces of downed wood. To capture both standing and downed wood, we based our survey around two main types of methods, the line intercept method and the fixed radius plot method. Surveys have been completed for 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2021.
Leaf and Flower Phenology of Woody Plant Species at Harvard Forest and Southern Quebec 2015
Accurate predictions of spring plant phenology with climate change are critical for projections of growing seasons, plant communities and a number of ecosystem services, including carbon storage. Progress towards prediction, however, has been slow because the major cues known to drive phenology – temperature (including winter chilling and spring forcing) and photoperiod – generally covary in nature and may interact, making accurate predictions of plant responses to climate change complex and nonlinear. Alternatively, recent work suggests many species may be dominated by one cue, which would make predictions much simpler. Here, we manipulated all three cues across 28 woody species from two North American forests. Study sites were Harvard Forest and St. Hipplolyte, Quebec. Species were selected for this study based on their prevalence at the study sites; 28 species are included in this study. At each site, multiple cuttings of six or more representative individuals were collected. In total, we tracked the phenology of 2,137 cuttings from 275 individual source plants. All species responded to all cues examined. Chilling exerted a strong effect, especially on budburst (-15.8 d), with responses to forcing and photoperiod greatest for leafout (-19.1 and -11.2 d, respectively). Interactions between chilling and forcing suggest that each cue may compensate somewhat for the other. Cues varied across species, leading to staggered leafout within each community and supporting the idea that phenology is a critical aspect of species’ temporal niches. Our results suggest that predicting the spring phenology of communities will be difficult, as all species we studied could have complex, nonlinear responses to future warming.
Mangrove Coast Collaborative Project, Post-hurricane Maria mangrove forest coarse woody debris data, Jobos Bay NERR, March 2022 - August 2022
This dataset describes the quality and size of coarse woody debris (downed woody debris > 7.5 cm in diameter) for each mangrove forest plot in Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) assessed approximately 5 years after disturbance from Hurricane Maria (2017). Data was collected along three 20 m transects beginning at each plot center point and heading toward a randomly-selected azimuth. This dataset is associated with the Mangrove Coast Collaborative project (2020 - 2024).
Mangrove Coast Collaborative Project, Post-hurricane mangrove forest coarse woody debris data, Rookery Bay NERR, February 2022 - March 2023
This dataset describes the quality and size of coarse woody debris (downed woody debris > 7.5 cm in diameter) for each mangrove forest plot in Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) assessed approximately 5 years after disturbance from Hurricane Irma (2017) and concurrent with Hurricane Ian (2022). Data was collected along three 20 m transects beginning at each plot center point and heading toward a randomly-selected azimuth. This dataset is associated with the Mangrove Coast Collaborative project (2020 - 2024).
Mangrove Coast Collaborative Project, Post-hurricane mangrove forest downed woody debris data, Rookery Bay NERR, February 2022 - March 2023
This dataset describes the quantity and size distribution of downed woody debris for each mangrove forest plot in Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) assessed approximately 5 years after disturbance from Hurricane Irma (2017) and concurrent with Hurricane Ian (2022). Data was collected along three 20 m transects beginning at each plot center point and heading toward a randomly-selected azimuth. This dataset is associated with the Mangrove Coast Collaborative project (2020 - 2024).
Mangrove Coast Collaborative Project, Post-hurricane Maria mangrove forest downed woody debris data, Jobos Bay NERR, March 2022 - August 2022
This dataset describes the quantity and size distribution of downed woody debris for each mangrove forest plot in Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) assessed approximately 5 years after disturbance from Hurricane Maria (2017). Data was collected along three 20 m transects beginning at each plot center point and heading toward a randomly-selected azimuth. This dataset is associated with the Mangrove Coast Collaborative project (2020 - 2024).
Woody vegetation composition and structure at long-term monitoring plots on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite, Kruger National Park, South Africa (2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2012 from long-term ecological monitoring plots located on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The study region is characterized by granitic soils, broad-leaved savanna vegetation, and a long history of fire, herbivory, and climate-driven ecological dynamics. Vegetation surveys were conducted in sixteen 0.25-ha sampling plots to quantify woody species composition, stem density, and size structure. Additional measurements of vegetation structure were collected, including grass biomass, canopy cover, canopy height, and canopy diversity, providing a broader assessment of both woody and herbaceous layers. These data establish an important baseline for monitoring ecological change, evaluating woody vegetation dynamics under variable fire and herbivore regimes, and supporting ongoing research on savanna ecosystem functioning within the Kruger National Park.
Riparian Woody Vegetation Composition and Structure in Long-Term Monitoring Plots Along the Sabie River, Kruger National Park (2011-2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2009 and 2010 from 15 long-term riparian monitoring plots located along the Sabie River in the southern region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The Sabie River is the park’s most perennial river system and supports diverse riparian plant communities influenced by hydrological variability, flooding dynamics, sediment deposition, herbivory, and climate-driven disturbance. Within each monitoring plot, field teams recorded woody species identity, stem density, plant height, and stem diameter. Additional structural and condition indicators were collected, including canopy breakage, evidence of bark stripping, resprouting status, and whether individuals were toppled or alive at the time of sampling. These structural attributes provide detailed assessments of disturbance impacts and vegetation condition within riparian zones. Data collection followed the same standardized protocols as the Southern Granites long-term vegetation monitoring program, allowing for cross-site comparisons between upland savanna and riparian systems. This dataset provides a baseline for evaluating long-term ecological change in riparian woody plant communities and supports ongoing research on the ecological functioning and resilience of river corridors in Kruger National Park.
Forest tree, woody debris, root ingrowth, soil respiration and characterization data from long-term research plots for LTREB at the University of Michigan Biological Station
The NSF-funded project "LTREB: Drivers of temperate forest carbon storage from canopy closure through successional time" (2014-2024) supports research to meet the following goals: 1) elucidate mechanisms responsible for changes in C storage over decades to centuries; 2) link processes leading to persistence and resilience of forest C storage following disturbance; 3) quantify the effects of potential drivers such as forest structure, N availability, climate change, and atmospheric deposition on decadal and longer-term trajectories of C storage. Field activities for this research are conducted at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) on a pair of chronosequences and several old reference forests. Synthesis activities utilize data collected from these field sites in support of the LTREB project, as well as data synthesized from other sources (e.g., long-term UMBS plot data, AmeriFlux data, FIA data) all intended to address the core questions of the LTREB project. This dataset has been compiled and expanded over a series of versions, with new data types and observations appended periodically. Presently, the dataset includes observations from tree inventory censuses, woody debris sampling, fine root ingrowth cores, soil respiration measurements, and two sets of soil collections aimed at quantifying a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.
Tree Growth and Coarse Woody Debris in Regenerating Forests at Harvard Forest since 2008
This project is a field-based study to measure sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in a regenerating New England forest. This study established long-term biometric plots suitable for measuring changes in carbon storage through time in three forest stands: an early-20th-century conifer plantation, a naturally regenerating former conifer plantation harvested in the 1990s, and a conifer plantation scheduled for harvest next winter. The first three years of this project determined the initial carbon budget of these forest stands, measured carbon fluxes into and out of these stands, and laid the groundwork for future investigations. Subsequent years will investigate larger-scale questions, such as how successional patterns affect carbon sequestration, and how these patterns change with stand age. The work also addresses how forestry practices influence carbon sequestration, and provide guidance for how forest management could enhance terrestrial carbon uptake in the future.
Coarse Woody Debris in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010
The woody debris survey was designed to quantify the baseline amount of woody debris within the clearcut site, including coarse and fine woody debris and stumps. Coarse woody debris and stumps were measured using the plot method, while fine woody debris was measured using the line intercept method. Our woody debris survey methods are detailed below. An initial or baseline survey was completed in 2010.
Respiration of Coarse Woody Debris in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest in 2011
This study explored the effects of log position and microclimate variability on the rates of coarse woody debris (CWD) respiration. The rates of respiration of downed Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs were repeatedly measured in-situ using an LI-6200 gas analyzer. Treatments included native logs in the clearcut site, native logs in a neighboring mature spruce stand, and logs transferred from the clearcut site to the mature spruce stand.
Phenology of Woody Species at Harvard Forest since 1990
Starting in the spring of 1990 we have observed the timing of woody vegetation development during the growing season. For the first twelve years (1990-2001) we observed bud break (50% leaf emergence) and leaf development (75% final size) on two to five permanently tagged individuals of 33 woody species at 3-7 day intervals from April through June. All individuals are located within 1.5 km of the Harvard Forest headquarters at elevations between 335 and 365 m, in habitats ranging from closed forest, through forest-swamp margins, to dry, open fields. For most species both overstory and understory individuals are represented. Bud break is defined as when 50% of the buds on the individual have recognizable leaves emerging from them. Leaf development (75%) is defined as when at least 75% of the leaves on the individual have reached 75% of their final (mature) size. This point is used rather than "fully developed" because the leaves are functional but still developing rapidly during this period, which permits better estimation of a date between observations. Flowering and fruit development are also recorded if they occurred during the observation period. Through 2001 these observations documented substantial (up to three weeks difference) inter-annual variation in the timing of leaf emergence (50%) and leaf development (75% final size), but good relative consistency among species and among individuals within species during these twelve years. Therefore, starting in 2002 we maintained the same observation protocol, but reduced the number of species observed to nine, including striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum), red maple (A. rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), beech (Fagus grandifolia), white ash (Fraxinus americana), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), white oak (Q. alba) and red oak (Q. rubra). This subset of important, representative species allows us to continue to characterize leaf development each spring, and document inter-annu
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Coarse Woody Debris Logs
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important, but often neglected, component of lake ecosystems. It is ecologically valuable because it creates littoral habitat complexity but it is susceptible to manipulation by riparian process, in particular removal by property owners. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial scales at which human and environmental factors contribute to coarse woody debris input and output dynamics. Coarse woody debris, boat docks, and riparian trees (with the potential of becoming CWD) around the five lakes of the NTL-LTER site (Trout Lake, Allequash Lake (north basin), Sparkling Lake, Crystal Lake, and Big Muskellunge Lake) were measured in 1996 and 1997. CWD was defined as logs: greater than 2 m length, greater than 15 cm diameter, mostly submersed in lake, less than 25 m from shore, and less than 2 m water depth. Locations were determined as average of greater than 30 dGPS positions. Numbered aluminum tags were attached to each log to facilitate the long-term study of CWD. Return visits to Sparkling and Trout Lakes in 1997 found some tags had been removed by ice or vandals. Heavier tags were attached to these logs. The 1997 re-survey and tag check was not complete.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Coarse Woody Debris Trees
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important, but often neglected, component of lake ecosystems. It is ecologically valuable because it creates littoral habitat complexity but it is susceptible to manipulation by riparian process, in particular removal by property owners. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial scales at which human and environmental factors contribute to coarse woody debris input and output dynamics. Coarse woody debris, boat docks, and riparian trees (with the potential of becoming CWD) around the five lakes of the NTL-LTER site (Trout Lake, Allequash Lake (north basin), Sparkling Lake, Crystal Lake, and Big Muskellunge Lake) were measured in 1996 and 1997. Riparian trees with the potential of becoming CWD were measured in Feb. 1997. Locations were determined by differential GPS (greater than 10 points per tree) and diameters were measured as diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) using a "cruising stick" according to the Scribner 78 scale (Philip 1994). Substantial snow cover made nominal "breast height" approximately 200 cm. The entire shores of Crystal and Sparkling Lakes were sampled. Shorelines on the other lakes were selected to represent developed and undeveloped conditions. Approximately 31 percent% (19/61 km) of the total shoreline of the five lakes was surveyed.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Coarse Woody Debris Shoreline Development Index
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important, but often neglected, component of lake ecosystems. It is ecologically valuable because it creates littoral habitat complexity but it is susceptible to manipulation by riparian process, in particular removal by property owners. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial scales at which human and environmental factors contribute to coarse woody debris input and output dynamics. Coarse woody debris, boat docks, and riparian trees (with the potential of becoming CWD) around the five lakes of the NTL-LTER site (Trout Lake, Allequash Lake (north basin), Sparkling Lake, Crystal Lake, and Big Muskellunge Lake) were measured in 1996 and 1997. Shorelines were characterized using a qualitative shoreline development index (SDI). The index included: (1) developed and devoid of riparian trees (i.e. lawn, boat launch), (2) few widely spaced trees, (3) some riparian trees and some understory, (4) substantial forest cover, and (5) undeveloped and heavily forested. All 5 lakes were surveyed in June/July 1996. Endpoint positions were determined by greater than 30 dGPS points. Shoreline data were subsequently divided into 10 m segments.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Coarse Woody Debris Docks
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important, but often neglected, component of lake ecosystems. It is ecologically valuable because it creates littoral habitat complexity but it is susceptible to manipulation by riparian process, in particular removal by property owners. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial scales at which human and environmental factors contribute to coarse woody debris input and output dynamics. Coarse woody debris, boat docks, and riparian trees (with the potential of becoming CWD) around the five lakes of the NTL-LTER site (Trout Lake, Allequash Lake (north basin), Sparkling Lake, Crystal Lake, and Big Muskellunge Lake) were measured in 1996 and 1997. Boat docks were located on all 5 lakes. Docks were verified in 1997 using digital orthophotos. GPS positions were adjusted to coincide with the photos. Many of the docks were photographed with a digital camera.
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Coarse Woody Habitat Data 2001 - 2009
These data were collected to test for changes in the population dynamics and the food webs of the fish populations of Little Rock and Camp lakes, Vilas County, WI, USA. Little Rock Lake was the site of a whole-lake removal of coarse woody habitat in 2002 and Camp Lake was the site of a whole-lake coarse woody habitat addition in 2004. Sampling began in May of 2001 and ended in August of 2006. Some sampling was repeated from 2007 to 2009. Number of sites: 4. Two lakes with reference and treatment basin in each lake.
WRV01 Riparian woody removal vegetation survey on watershed N2B at Konza Prairie
Woody vegetation within 30m of the stream channel was removed along the riparian corridor of watershed N2B in winter 2010. Thereafter, woody vegetation was recut every second or third year until 2020. Vegetation surveys were conducted before and after the initial removal (2010 and 2011) and again 10 years after the initial cutting (2020).
WPE02 Shrub stem data to quantify woody encroachment in Konza watersheds from 2020, 2022, and 2023
Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is one of the most widespread and acute threats affecting grasslands worldwide. Nature-based solutions to reversing WPE in mesic grasslands have proven largely ineffective, with decades of frequent prescribed fire failing to reverse WPE in some instances. One solution is to conduct more extreme fires compared to traditional prescribed fire. However, most tests of this idea have occurred at small scales, a mismatch with the need for landscape-scale land management. We considered two catchments, each with long-term destocking of grazers to increase fuel loads, one which accidentally burned under dry windy conditions that produced an extreme fire, while one burned under prescribed fire conditions. The extreme fire caused a sharp decline in woody cover without corresponding negative externalities such as decreases in grass cover or biodiversity. However, after three years, the woody community completely recoverd with a 23% increase in woody cover from the first to third year post-fire. The prescribed fire catchment saw minor decreases in woody plant dominance that rebounded quickly to pre-fire values. Our results suggest that reversing encroachment will likely require a long-term approach, along with applying a combination of pressures that reduce woody abundance and promote fuel loads to intensify fire.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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