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41 results for “Xenia”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f">https://gbif.org/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Physiology of the widespread pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata is affected by food sources, but not by water flow
<p>Coral energy and nutrient acquisition strategies are complex and sensitive to environmental conditions such as water flow. While high water flow can enhance feeding in hard corals, knowledge about the effects of water flow on the feeding of soft corals, particularly those pulsating, is still limited. In this study, we thus investigated the effects of feeding and water flow on the physiology of the pulsating soft coral <em>Xenia</em> <em>umbellata</em>. We crossed three feeding treatments i) no feeding, ii) particulate organic matter [POM] as phytoplankton, and iii) dissolved organic carbon [DOC] as glucose, with four water volume exchange rates (200, 350, 500 and 650 Lh<sup>-1</sup>) over 15 days. Various ecophysiological parameters were assessed including pulsation rate, growth rate, isotopic and elemental ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) as well as photo-physiological parameters of the Symbiodiniaceae (cell density, chlorophyll-<em>a</em> and mitotic index). Water flow had no significant effect but feeding had a substantial impact on the physiology of the <em>X. umbellata </em>holobiont. In the absence of food, corals exhibited significantly lower pulsation rates, lower Symbiodiniaceae cell density, and lower mitotic indices compared to the fed treatments, yet significantly higher chlorophyll-<em>a</em> per cell and total N content. Differences were also observed between the two feeding treatments, with significantly higher pulsation rates and lower chlorophyll-a per cell in the DOC treatment, but higher C and N content in the POM treatment. Our findings suggest that the <em>X. umbellata</em> holobiont can be viable under different trophic strategies, though favouring mixotrophy. Additionally, the physiology of the <em>X. umbellata</em> may be regulated through its own pulsating behaviour without any positive nor negative effects from different water flow. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of soft coral ecology, particularly regarding the competitive success and widespread distribution of <em>X. umbellata</em>.</p>
Physiology of the widespread pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata is affected by food sources, but not by water flow
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Funerary stele of Xenias
Funerary stele of Xenias, 3rd century BC J. - C., Production of Western Greece, perhaps Palairos, Limestone. Musée du Cinquantenaire (Brussels, Belgium). Made with ReMake and ReCap Pro from AutoDesk. Stele with two sirens and the inscription Xenias lonos, "Xenias, son of Ion". The classic type sirens, half woman-half bird, hieratic, one hand raised towards the head as a sign of mourning, are placed on a pedestal or a platform. They hold the ribbons on either side of a tablet on which is inscribed the name of the deceased, Xenias. Below, in more subtle letters, the name of his father lon (genitive, lonos). The face of the sirens seems to have been deliberately erased. Sirens are used as a funerary symbol since the classical period in Athens. For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 21 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 21. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202010). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
FIGURE 20 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 20. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202005). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
FIGURE 18 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
FIGURE 16 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 23 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014.
FIGURE 15 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 42). a. Ellipsoid platelets featuring rough granulated surface, arrow indicates surface furrow; b. Sclerites with surface crest, fractured; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 17 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 12. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenck, 1896 syntype (BMNH 1962.7.20.149). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerites; c. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of calcite rods. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974 holotype (SMF 2616). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Sclerites with surface crest; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods radially arranged, at least in peripheral region; d. Overview of variety of sclerites. Scale bar at a, b and c 0.010 mm, at d 0.020 mm.
FIGURE 19 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenk, 1896 syntype (BML 1962.7.20.148). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerites enlarged composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia garciae Bourne, 1894 type (BML 1921.11.18.1). a. Sclerite with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid sclerites, fractured c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous and radially arranged in the peripheral region; d. Overview of sclerites, fractured. Scale bar at a, b and d 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia fusca Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 40). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
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