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167 results for “Xeniidae”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f">https://gbif.org/dataset/72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Revisiting the type of Cespitularia stolonifera Gohar, 1938 leads to the description of a new genus and a species of the family Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revisiting the type of Cespitularia stolonifera Gohar, 1938 leads to the description of a new genus and a species of the family Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6d7b4e8c-9086-45b7-87f2-eee086af0c5a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6d7b4e8c-9086-45b7-87f2-eee086af0c5a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6d7b4e8c-9086-45b7-87f2-eee086af0c5a">https://gbif.org/dataset/6d7b4e8c-9086-45b7-87f2-eee086af0c5a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo‐Pacific octocoral family Xeniidae
Aim: To quantify taxon diversity, biogeographic distributions and patterns of community assembly in xeniid octocorals using molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Location Red Sea, Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Taxon Xeniidae, a family of reef-dwelling octocorals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Methods Xeniids collected at 13 locations were sequenced at three barcode loci, and assigned to molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) defined by minimum genetic distance thresholds. Taxon richness (no. of MOTUs) and endemicity (percent of MOTUs found at a single location) were quantified. Patterns of β-diversity (species turnover) and phylogenetic β-diversity (lineage turnover) among geographical regions were visualized using hierarchical clustering, NMDS plots, and distance-decay relationships. Community assembly was investigated by comparing the mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) separating species in each assemblage to values generated for null communities. Results A genetic distance threshold of 0.3% discriminated 67 MOTUs, with taxon richness ranging from 2-18 MOTUs per site. Out of the 67 MOTUs, 48 (72%) were found at only a single location, and only two spanned both the western Indian and Pacific Oceans. Species turnover among sites was high, but phylogenetic β-diversity was lower than β-diversity and differed significantly from null models of community assembly at only two sites. β-diversity and phylogenetic β-diversity both increased significantly with geographic distance, and sites clustered into three distinct biogeographic regions (Red Sea and western Indian Ocean; Western Australia; western Pacific and Great Barrier Reef, Australia). All five major clades of xeniids were represented in each region. Main Conclusions A genetic approach to biodiversity estimation suggests that most xeniid taxa are regional endemics whose geographic distribution is likely governed by dispersal limitation. This conclusion contrasts with published records of certain morphospecies occurrences, which imply that they have broad geographic ranges. So far, the distribution of xeniid biodiversity mirrors that of scleractinian corals, with species richness highest in the Coral Triangle, but endemicity peaking in peripheral areas.
FIGURE 19 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 19. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for concatenated mtMutS, COI and 28S rDNA gene regions (1981 bp). Clades of Xeniidae genera other than Sympodium have been collapsed to facilitate readability. Black circles: ML bootstrap value (b.s.)>70%, Bayesian posterior probability (p.p)>0.95; gray circles: b.s.>70%, p.p. <0.95. Dashed vertical line indicates specimens of S. arbusculum sp. n. from Madagascar that belonged to a distinct MOTU in some analyses.
FIGURE 17 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 17. Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_35117) featuring irregular upper surface with some polyps emerging individually and others in groups; almost all are retracted. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38228); five shown here. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754) comprises small colonies growing on turf algae and a sponge. (D) Higher magnification of the paratype showing partly retracted polyps of colonies.
FIGURE 14 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 14. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) Colonies of S. subtilis sp. n. with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of S. vegrandis sp. n. (D, E) Colonies of S. yonaguniensis sp. n.
FIGURE 13 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium subtilis sp. n. Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_38204): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 12 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 12. Sympodium subtilis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_38204) encrusting colonies with delicate membrane growing on a bivalve shell. (B) Higher magnification of portion of syntypes showing both expanded and retracted polyps on spreading membrane.
FIGURE 10 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 10. Sympodium hexagonotus sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (QM G330076) featuring mounds with mostly retracted polyps. (B) Paratype fragments (QM G339750).
FIGURE 9 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface.
FIGURE 8 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds.
FIGURE 4. Sympodium caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 4. Sympodium caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834. Syntypes (ZMB 240): (A) Colonies attached to a calcareous substrate. (B) View of expanded and retracted polyps.
FIGURE 7 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium epiphytum sp. n.: Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_36010): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_35977): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 2 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 5 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834. Syntypes (ZMB 240): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 18 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n. holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 35117): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 1 in Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism
FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps.
FIGURE 18 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 18. Maximum likelihood reconstruction of Xeniidae based on concatenated mtMutS, COI and 28S rDNA (total = 1981 bp). To facilitate readability, clades without focal genera have been collapsed to triangles and outgroup taxa are not shown. Numbers on branches: ML bootstrap percentages (10,000 ultrafast bootstraps) / Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp). Asterisk indicates bootstrap = 100%, pp> 0.98.
FIGURE 19 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sarcothelia edmondsoni Verrill, 1928. (SMNHTAU_Co_38211): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform grainy appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 17 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Quattuoria pallida gen. nov. sp. nov. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 36071): (A) Ellipsoid platelets, a few with surface irregularity. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform grainy appearance to the sclerite surface.
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